Did the Egalitarian Reforms of the Swedish Educational System Equalise Levels of Democratic Citizenship?

Scandinavian Political Studies

Volumn 33, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 135-163

  Persson, Mikael ^a   Oscarsson, Henrik ^a  

^a Department of Political Science ^*  (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77953197492     PISSN: 00806757     EISSN: 14679477     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9477.2009.00244.x     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Achen C H. Parental Socialization and Rational Party Identification. Political Behavior 2002, 24(2):151-70.
2. Alwin D F, Krosnick J A. Aging, Cohorts and the Stability of Sociopolitical Orientations over the Life Span. American Journal of Sociology 1991, 79(1):169-95.
3. Beck P A, Jennings K M. Family Traditions, Political Periods and the Development of Partisan Orientations. Journal of Politics 1991, 53(3):742-63.
4. Campbell D E. What is Education's Impact on Civic and Social Engagement? Measuring the Effects of Education on Health 2006, Desjardins RShuller T. in, eds, Paris, OECD Centre for Educational Research and Innovation
5. Cassel C A, Lo C C. Theories of Political Literacy. Political Behavior 1997, 19(4):317-35.
6. Crittenden J. Civic Education. 2007, http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/civic-education, Available online at:
7. Dee T S. Are There Civic Returns to Education? Journal of Public Economics 2004, 88(9-10):1697-1720.
8. Delli Carpini M X, Keeter S. What Americans Know about Politics and Why It Matters 1996, New Haven, CT, Yale University Press
9. Denver D, Hands G. Does Studying Politics Make a Difference? The Political Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions of School Students. British Journal of Political Science 1990, 20(2):263-79.
10. Desjardins R. Researching the Links Between Education and Well-being. European Journal of Education 2008, 43(1):23-35.
11. Ekman T. Demokratisk kompetens - om gymnasiet som demokratiskola 2007, Göteborg, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen
12. Ekström E. Essays on Inequality and Education. Essays on Inequality and Education 2003, in, Uppsala, Department of Economics, Uppsala University
13. Finkel S E. Can Democracy Be Taught? Journal of Democracy 2003, 14(4):137-51.
14. Galston W A. Political Knowledge, Political Engagement and Civic Education', Annual Review. Political Science 2001, 4:217-34.
15. Gutman A. Democratic Education, with a New Preface and Epilogue 1999, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press
16. Helliwell J F, Putnam R D. Education and Social Capital. Eastern Economic Journal 2007, 33(1):1-19.
17. Hillygus D S. The Missing Link: Exploring the Relationship between Higher Education and Political Engagement. Political Behavior 2005, 27(1):25-47.
18. Hooghe M, Wilkenfeld B. The Stability of Political Attitudes and Behaviors across Adolescence and Early Adulthood: A Comparison of Survey Data on Adolescents and Young Adults in Eight Countries. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 2008, 37(2):155-67.
19. Ichilov O. Education and Democratic Citizenship in a Changing World. The Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology 2003, Sears D OHuddy LJervis R L. in, eds, Oxford, Oxford University Press
20. Jennings K M, Niemi R G. The Political Character of Adolescence: The Influence of Families and Schools 1974, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press
21. Langton K P, Jennings K M. Political Socialization and the High School Civics Curriculum in the United States. American Political Science Review 1968, 62(3):852-67.
22. Lindberg V. Swedish Vocational Education and Research in an International Context 2003, Stockholm, Skolverket
23. Lindensjö B, Lundgren U P. Utbildningsreformer och politisk styrning 2000, Stockholm, HLS Förlag
24. Lundahl L. Sweden: Decentralization, Deregulation, Quasi-markets - And Then What? Journal of Education Policy 2002, 17(6):687-97.
25. Luskin R C. Explaining Political Sophistication. Political Behavior 1990, 12(4):331-61.
26. Mcallister I. Civic Education and Political Knowledge in Australia. Australian Journal of Political Science 1998, 33(1):7-23.
27. Meghir C, Palme M. Educational Reform, Ability and Family Background. American Economic Review 2005, 95(1):414-24.
28. Mettler S, Soss J. The Consequences of Public Policy for Democratic Citizenship: Bridging Policy Studies and Mass Politics. Perspectives on Politics 2004, 2(1):55-73.
29. Milligan K, Moretti E, Oreopoulos P. Does Education Improve Citizenship? Evidence from the United States and the United Kingdom. Journal of Public Economics 2004, 88(9-10):1667-95.
30. Milner H. Civic Literacy: How Informed Citizens Make Democracy Work 2002, Hanover, NH, University Press of New England
31. Nie N H, Hillygus S D. Education and Democratic Citizenship. Making Good Citizens: Education and Civil Society 2001, Ravitch D, Viteritti J P. in, eds, New Haven, CT, Yale University Press
32. Nie N H, Junn J, Stehlik-Barry K. Education and Democratic Citizenship in America 1996, Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press
33. Niemi R G, Junn J. Civic Education: What Makes Students Learn? 1998, New Haven, CT, Yale University Press
34. Persson M. Testing the Sorting Model of Education in Sweden Forthcoming, Gothenburg, Department of Political Science, University of Gothenburg
35. Persson M, Oscarsson H. The Effects of an Education Reform on Democratic Citizenship. 2008, http://www.qog.pol.gu.se/working_papers/2008_14_Persson_Oscarsson.pdf, QoG Institute Working Paper 2008:24. Gothenburg: Quality of Government Institute, Department of Political Science, University of Gothenburg. Available online at:
36. Print M. Citizenship Education and Youth Participation in Democracy. British Journal of Educational Studies 2007, 55(3):325-45.
37. Putnam R D. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community 2000, New York, Simon & Schuster
38. Rothstein B. The Social Democratic State: The Swedish Model and the Bureaucratic Problems of Social Reforms 1996, Pittsburgh, PA, University of Pittsburgh Press
39. Searing D, Wright G, Rabinowitz G. The Primacy Principle: Attitude Change and Political Socialization. British Journal of Political Science 1976, 6(1):83-113.
40. Sears D O. Whither Political Socialization Research? The Question of Persistence. Political Socialization, Citizenship Education and Democracy 1989, Ichilov O. in, ed., New York, Teachers College Press
41. Sears D O, Levy S. Childhood and Adult Political Development. Handbook of Political Psychology 2003, in, New York, Oxford University Press
42. Sears D O, Funk C L. Evidence of the Long-term Persistence of Adults' Political Predispositions. Journal of Politics 1999, 61:1-28.
43. Smith T W. Some Aspects of Measuring Education. Social Science Research 1995, 24(3):215-42.
44. Den nya gymnasieskolan - problem och möjligheter 1997, SOU 1997:107, Stockholm, Utbildningsdepartementet
45. Individers skolkarriär. Intervjuer med tjugo ungdomar i gymnasieskolan 1995, Swedish National Agency for Education, Skolverkets rapport nr 92, Stockholm, Fritzes
46. Gy2000: 16 Social Science Programmeme - Programmeme Goal, Structure and Syllabuses 2000, Swedish National Agency for Education, Stockholm, Fritzes
47. Curriculum for the Non-compulsory School System 2006, Swedish National Agency for Education, Stockholm, Fritzes
48. Efterfrågade mått - gymnasieskolan. 2008, http://www.skolverket.se/sb/d/1717/a/14428#paragraphAnchor2, Swedish National Agency for Education, Available online at:
49. Sveriges officiella statistik. Statistiska meddelande. UF 20 SM 0701 2007, Swedish National Agency for Higher Education/Statistics Sweden, Stockholm, Fritzes
50. Tenn S. An Alternative Measure of Relative Education to Explain Voter Turnout. Journal of Politics 2005, 67(1):271-82.
51. Verba S, Schlozman K L, Brady H E. Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics 1995, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press
52. Westholm A, Lindquist A, Niemi R G. Education and the Making of the Informed Citizen: Political literacy and the Outside World. Political Socialization, Citizenship and Democracy 1990, Ichilov O, in, ed., New York, Teachers College Press