Frequency and location of synkineses in patients with peripheral facial nerve paresis

Otology and Neurotology

Volumn 31, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 671-675

  Beurskens, Carien H G ^a   Oosterhof, Jan ^a   Nijhuis Van Der Sanden, Maria W G ^a  

^a RADBOUD UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Facial grading scale; Facial palsy; Facial paralysis; Facial paresis; House Brackmann facial grading scale; Sunnybrook; Synkinesis

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; CHILD; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FACIAL NERVE; FACIAL NERVE PARALYSIS; FEMALE; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NONPARAMETRIC TEST; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; SYNKINESIS; VIDEORECORDING;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; CHILD; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FACIAL NERVE; FACIAL PARALYSIS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; STATISTICS, NONPARAMETRIC; SYNKINESIS; VIDEO RECORDING;

EID: 77953082716     PISSN: 15317129     EISSN: 15374505     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MAO.0b013e3181d8d84d     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Adour KK, Byl FM, Hilsinger RL, Kahn ZM, Sheldon MI. The true nature of Bell's palsy: analysis of 1000 consecutive patients. Laryngoscope 1978;88:787-801.
2. Devriese PP, Schumacher T, Scheide A, de Jongh RH, Houtkooper JM. Incidence prognosis and recovery of Bell's palsy. A survey of about 1000 patients (1974-1983). Clin Otolaryngol 1990;15:15-27.
3. Peitersen E. Bell's palsy: the spontaneous course of 2, 500 peripheral facial nerve palsies of different etiologies. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 2002;549:4-30.
4. Beurskens CHG, Heymans PG. Positive effects of mime therapy on sequelae of facial nerve paresis: stiffness, lip mobility and social and physical aspects of facial disability. J Otol Neurotol 2003;24:677-81.
5. Husseman J, Metha RP. Management of synkinesis. Facial Plast Surg 2008;24:242-9.
6. Çelik M, Forta H, Ç Vural Ç. The development of synkinesis after facial nerve paralysis. Eur Neurol 2000;43:147-51. (Pubitemid 30189535)
7. Wu ZB, Silverman CA, Linstrom CJ, Tesseman B, Cosetti MK. Objective computerized versus subjective analysis of facial synkinesis. Laryngoscope 2005;115:2118-22.
8. Stennert E. Synkineses and the autoparalytic syndrome. In: Beurskens CHG, van Gelder RS, Heymans PG, Manni JJ, Nicolai J-PA, eds. The Facial Palsies. Utrecht: Lemma Publishers, 2005:117-33.
9. Esslen E. Electromyographic findings on two types of misdirection of regenerating axons. EEG Clin Neuro Physiol 1960;12:738-41.
10. Ide C, Karo S. Peripheral nerve regeneration. Neurosci Res Suppl 1990;13:157-64.
11. May M. Microanatomy and pathophysiology. In: May M, Schaitkin B, eds. The Facial Nerve. New York: Theime, 2000:57-65.
12. Brach JS, VanSwearingen JM, Delitto A, Johnson PC. Impairment and disability in patients with facial neuromuscular dysfunction. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surgery 1997a;117:315-21.
13. Neely JG, Neufeld PS. Defining functional limitation, disability, and societal limitations in patients with facial paresis: initial pilot questionnaire. Am J Otol 1996;17:340-2.
14. Beurskens CHG, Devriese PP, van Heiningen I, Oostendorp RAB. The use of mime therapy as a rehabilitation method for patients with facial nerve paresis. Int J Ther Rehab 2004a;11:206-10.
15. Diels JH. New concepts in nonsurgical facial nerve rehabilitation. Adv Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1995;9:289-315.
16. Segal B, Hunter T, Danys I, Freedman C, Black M. Minimizing synkinesis during rehabilitation of the paralyzed face: preliminary assessment of a new small-movement therapy. J Otolaryngol 1995;24:149-53.
17. Ross B, Nedzelski JM, Mclean JA. Efficacy of feedback training in long-standing facial nerve paresis. Laryngoscope 1991;101:744-50.
18. Nakamura K, Toda N, Sakamaki K, Kashima K, Takeda N. Biofeedback rehabilitation for prevention of synkinesis after facial palsy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003;128:539-43.
19. Laskawi R. The use of botulinum toxin in head and face medicine: an interdisciplinary field. Head Face Med 2008;4:5. Available at: www.head-face.com/content/4/1/5.
20. Beurskens CHG. Mime therapy: contents and evidence. In: Beurskens CHG, van Gelder RS, Heymans PG, Manni JJ, Nicolai J-PA, eds. The Facial Palsies. Utrecht: Lemma Publishers, 2005:285-93.
21. May M, Croxson GR, Klein SR. Bells palsy: management of sequelae using EMG rehabilitation, botulinum toxin, and surgery. Otolaryng Head Neck Surg 1989;10:220-9.
22. Moran C, Neely JG. Patterns of facial nerve synkinesis. Laryngoscope 1996;106:1491-6.
23. Brach JS, VanSwearingen JM. Facial neuromuscular retraining for oral synkinesis. Plast Reconstr Surg 1997;99:1922-31.
24. On AY, Yaltirik HP, Kirazil Y. Agreement between clinical and electromyopgraphic assessments during the course of peripheric facial paralysis. Clin Rehabil 2007;21:344-50.
25. Beurskens CHG, Heymans PG. Mime therapy improves facial symmetry in people with long-term facial neve paresis: a randomised controlled trial. Aust J Physiother 2006;52:177-83.
26. House JW, Brackmann DE. Facial nerve grading system. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1985;93:146-7.
27. Ross BG, Fradet G, Nedzelski JM. Development of a sensitive clinical facial grading system. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1996;114:380-6.
28. Beurskens CHG, Munyan MM, Hankel M, Oostendorp RAB. Intrarater and interrater reliability of the Sunnybrook facial grading system during submaximal movements. Physioth Can 2004b;56:158-64.
29. Neely JG, Cheung JY, Wood M, Buers J, Rogerson A. Computerized quantitative dynamic analysis of facial motion in the paralyzed and synkinetic face. Am J Otol 1992;13:97-107.
30. Chaco J. Misdirection of facial nerve fibers in Bell's palsy. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 1974;35:205-8.
31. Stennert E. Das Autoparalytische Sundrome-ein Leitsymptom der post-paretischen Fazialisfunction. Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1982;236:97-114.
32. Baja-Luthra A, VanSwearningen J, Thornton RH, Johnson PC. Quantitation of patterns of facial movement in patients with ocular to oral synkinesis. Plast Reconstr Surg 1998;101:1473-80.
33. Winstein CJ. Designing practice for motor learning: clinical implications. In: Lister MJ, ed. Contemporary Management of Motor Control Problems: Proceedings of the II-STEP Conference. Alexandria: VA Foundation for Physiotherapy, 1991:65-76.
34. Lee TD, Swanson LR, Hall AL. What is repeated in a repetition? Effects of practice conditions on motor skill acquisition. Phys Ther 1991;71:150-6.