POLICY BRIEF: Scaling up nutrition: A framework for action

Food and Nutrition Bulletin

Volumn 31, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 178-186

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Author keywords

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Indexed keywords

CHILD HEALTH; CIVIL SOCIETY; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; DEVELOPING WORLD; ECONOMIC GROWTH; EUROPEAN COMMISSION; FOOD SUPPLEMENTATION; HEALTH POLICY; MALNUTRITION; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; POLICY APPROACH; WORLD BANK;

ARTICLE; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; ECONOMICS; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HUMAN; INFANT; INFANT NUTRITION; INTERDISCIPLINARY COMMUNICATION; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; MALE; MALNUTRITION; MATERNAL NUTRITION; NEWBORN; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; POLICY; PREGNANCY;

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT NUTRITIONAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; INFANT, NEWBORN; INTERDISCIPLINARY COMMUNICATION; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; MALE; MALNUTRITION; NUTRITION POLICY; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; PREGNANCY; PRENATAL NUTRITIONAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; PUBLIC POLICY;

EID: 77953033614     PISSN: 03795721     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/156482651003100118     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. * The Lancet, "Maternal and Child Undernutrition, " Special Series, January, 2008.
2. * The term malnutrition includes both undernutrition and over-nutrition or obesity. This brief focuses exclusively on undernutrition. Country nutrition strategies will normally also address obesity as well.
3. ** J. Bryce et al. Maternal and Child Undernutrition 4: Effective action at the national level. Lancet 2008.
4. *** L. Haddad, H. Alderman, S. Appleton, L. Song and Y. Yohannes, "Reducing Child Malnutrition: How Far Does Income Growth Take Us?" The World Bank Economic Review, Vol 17, No. 1, 107-131, 2003 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development /The World Bank.
5. **** A. Ergo, D. R. Gwatkin, and M. Shekar: What difference do the new WHO growth standards make for the prevalence and socioeconomic distribution of malnutrition? Food Nutr Bull 2009 Mar; 30(1):3-15.
6. * The Lancet, Maternal and Child Undernutrition, January, 2008
7. ** The Economic Community of West African States.
8. *** The New Economic Programme for African Development
9. **** Some, like iodized salt, are affordable for almost all income groups. Others are affordable only for those families which, while still at risk of undernutrition, have the means to pay.
10. ***** World Development Report Agriculture for Development. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2008.
11. Spielman, D. J., Pandya-Lorch, R. (2009) Millions Fed: Proven Successes in Agricultural Development. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC. Agricultural production contributes to food security, and hence indirectly to addressing undernutrition, both by increasing food availability and by increasing livelihoods and incomes of the poor, so increasing their capacity to feed their families.
12. * S. Horton, M. Shekar, C. McDonald, A. Mahal and J. K. Brooks. Scaling Up Nutrition: What Will it Cost? World Bank, 2009.
13. ** The package was identified through a consultative process with partners. Eleven of the thirteen interventions are taken, by a process of further screening, from the Lancet list. There are two others: micronutrient powders for children under two, which have an unusually high benefit-cost ratio; and complementary feeding for children under two, which focuses on improving cognitive and physical development of moderately malnourished children in this window of opportunity.' Some others, such as Vitamin A supplements for neonates, are excluded since the evidence is being re-examined, and others are not costed for now because programmatic guidance (how much, under what conditions) is yet to come.
14. *** The projections in the Costing Study assume only 90% rather than 100% coverage, given that marginal costs rise substantially as coverage gets closer to target levels. Furthermore, the estimates cover only the Lancet set of 36 countries, accounting for 90% of cases of undernutrition. Also, importantly, countries will also want to include undernutrition (and overnutrition) of those over two in their nutrition strategies.
15. * These estimates are approximate. If maximum feasible coverage is 90% then the reduction in child mortality would be 10% lower. However, if the countries with the remaining 10% of undernourishment were included, the reduction in child mortality would be 10% higher. So the two essentially cancel each other out. Further, if additional interventions were added as capacities are built, reductions in child mortality will increase, as would financing requirements.
16. ** J. Hoddinott, J. A. Maluccio, J. R. Behrman, R. FLores, R. Martorell. Effect of a nutritional intervention during early childhood on economic Productivity in Guatemalan adults. Lancet. 2008 Feb. 2;371(9610):411-6.
17. *** DFID and Nutrition: An Action Plan, DFID, London, page 6.
18. * The Lancet, January, 2008, and "Review of the Global Nutrition Landscape" a discussion paper prepared by Ruth Levine and Danielle Kuczynski, Center for Global Development. These estimates are based on OECD data for "basic nutrition", which cover concessional assistance from bilateral donors and most relevant multilateral donors, with the exception of WFR The estimates of $300 million does not include food aid used for basic nutrition interventions, for which data are not available.
19. * AAA, paragraph 15 (a).
20. ** Background document to stimulate the debate for a Reformed Nutrition leadership and global coordination: A Working Paper prepared for the EU Donors Meeting, Monday 15th June, Brussels
21. *** http://data.unaids.org/UNA-docs/Three- Ones-KeyPrinciples-en.pdf
22. **** www.reach-partnership.org.
23. * The IHP "Guidance Note on Development of a Country Compact" says: "The goal is to arrive at one single country health strategy, which includes the scaling up for health, nutrition, maternal, neonatal and child health, malaria, tuberculosis and HIV MDGs. (Emphasis added.)
24. ** www.internationalhealthpartnership. net//CMS-files /documents/taskforce-report-EN.pdf
25. *** http://www.pepfar.gov/ghi/index.htm
26. **** http://www.state.gov/s/ globalfoodsecurity/129952.htm
27. ***** See the "Principles for Good International Engagement in Fragile States and Situations", which apply and adapt the principles of the Paris Declaration to issues of fragile states (http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/61/45/38368714.pdf)
28. There are also useful guidelines, applicable to nutrition, for aid effectiveness of humanitarian aid. See http://www.goodhumanitariandonorship.org/ background.asp.