메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 115, Issue 1-2, 2010, Pages 14-21

Chagas disease: A Latin American health problem becoming a world health problem

Author keywords

Blood transfusion; Chagas disease; Congenital transmission; Immigration; Organ transplant

Indexed keywords

DISEASE SPREAD; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; DISEASE TREATMENT; HEALTH RISK; IMMIGRATION; INFECTIOUS DISEASE; MIGRATION; SYMPTOM;

EID: 77953028103     PISSN: 0001706X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.11.003     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (654)

References (85)
  • 3
    • 34147153503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chagas disease screening in the French blood donor population. Screening assays and donor selection
    • Assal A., Aznar C. Chagas disease screening in the French blood donor population. Screening assays and donor selection. Enf. Emerg. 2007, 9(Suppl. 1):38-40.
    • (2007) Enf. Emerg. , vol.9 , Issue.1 SUPPL. , pp. 38-40
    • Assal, A.1    Aznar, C.2
  • 4
    • 77953022532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2007. Migration Australia 1975-76 to 2005-06. Available at: (accessed 15.05.09).
    • Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2007. Migration Australia 1975-76 to 2005-06. Available at: (accessed 15.05.09). http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?breadcrumb=TLPD&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&subaction=1&issue=2006&producttype=Census%20Tables&documentproductno=0&textversion=false&documenttype=Details&collection=Census&javascript=true&topic=Birthplace&action=404&productlabel=Country%20of%20Birth%20of%20Person%20(full%20classification%20list)%20by%20Sex&order=1&period=2006&tabname=Details&areacode=0&navmapdisplayed=true&.
  • 5
    • 70149108335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An estimate of the burden of Chagas disease in the United States
    • Bern C., Montgomery S.P. An estimate of the burden of Chagas disease in the United States. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2009, 49:e52-e54.
    • (2009) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.49
    • Bern, C.1    Montgomery, S.P.2
  • 8
    • 0742323884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenital infection with Trypanosoma cruzi: from mechanisms of transmission to strategies for diagnosis and control
    • Carlier Y., Torricos F. Congenital infection with Trypanosoma cruzi: from mechanisms of transmission to strategies for diagnosis and control. Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. 2003, 36:767-771.
    • (2003) Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. , vol.36 , pp. 767-771
    • Carlier, Y.1    Torricos, F.2
  • 9
    • 0037088708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chagas disease after organ transplantation-United States, 2002
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Chagas disease after organ transplantation-United States, 2002. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 2002, 51:210-212.
    • (2002) Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. , vol.51 , pp. 210-212
  • 10
    • 77953021040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Editorial note to: blood donor screening for Chagas disease-United States, 2006-2007
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Editorial note to: blood donor screening for Chagas disease-United States, 2006-2007. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 2007, 56:144-145.
    • (2007) Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. , vol.56 , pp. 144-145
  • 11
    • 0030850810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chagas' disease: a potential plague for Europe?
    • Crovato F., Rebora A. Chagas' disease: a potential plague for Europe?. Dermatology 1997, 195:184-185.
    • (1997) Dermatology , vol.195 , pp. 184-185
    • Crovato, F.1    Rebora, A.2
  • 12
    • 0032979488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of antibodies to Trypanasoma cruzi in pregnant Hispanic women in Houston
    • Di Pentima M.C., Hwang L.Y., Skeeter C.M., Edwards M.S. Prevalence of antibodies to Trypanasoma cruzi in pregnant Hispanic women in Houston. Clin. Infect. Dis. 1999, 28:1281-1285.
    • (1999) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.28 , pp. 1281-1285
    • Di Pentima, M.C.1    Hwang, L.Y.2    Skeeter, C.M.3    Edwards, M.S.4
  • 16
    • 77951235507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatal congenital Chagas' disease in a non-endemic area: a case report
    • Available at: (accessed 7.05.09)
    • Flores-Chávez M., Faez Y., Olalla J.M., Cruz I., Gárate T., Rodríguez M., Blanc P., Cañavate C. Fatal congenital Chagas' disease in a non-endemic area: a case report. Cases J. 2008, 1:302. Available at: http://www.casesjournal.com/content/1/1/302 (accessed 7.05.09).
    • (2008) Cases J. , vol.1 , pp. 302
    • Flores-Chávez, M.1    Faez, Y.2    Olalla, J.M.3    Cruz, I.4    Gárate, T.5    Rodríguez, M.6    Blanc, P.7    Cañavate, C.8
  • 18
    • 0030725550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and epidemiological significance of Trypanosoma cruzi infection among Latin American immigrants in Berlin, Germany
    • Frank M., Hegenscheid B., Janitschke K., Weinke T. Prevalence and epidemiological significance of Trypanosoma cruzi infection among Latin American immigrants in Berlin, Germany. Infection 1997, 25:355-358.
    • (1997) Infection , vol.25 , pp. 355-358
    • Frank, M.1    Hegenscheid, B.2    Janitschke, K.3    Weinke, T.4
  • 19
    • 23844453815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la Enfermedad de Chagas importada
    • Gazcon J. Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la Enfermedad de Chagas importada. Med. Clin. (Barc.) 2005, 125:230-235.
    • (2005) Med. Clin. (Barc.) , vol.125 , pp. 230-235
    • Gazcon, J.1
  • 21
    • 77953023794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General Immigration Directorate, Ministry of Justice, Japan, 2008 (In Japanese). Available at: (accessed 22.11.09).
    • General Immigration Directorate, Ministry of Justice, Japan, 2008 (In Japanese). Available at: (accessed 22.11.09). http://www.moj.go.jp/PRESS/080331-1.pdf.
  • 22
    • 70349864526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cribado sistematico de enfermedad de Chagas en embarazadas bolivianas y seguimiento de los recien nacidos. Experiencia de un año
    • Gonzalez-Granado L.I., Rojo Cornejo P., Gonzalez-Tome M.I., Camaño I., Salto E., Flores M. Cribado sistematico de enfermedad de Chagas en embarazadas bolivianas y seguimiento de los recien nacidos. Experiencia de un año. Enf. Emerg. 2009, 11(Suppl. 1):18-19.
    • (2009) Enf. Emerg. , vol.11 , Issue.1 SUPPL. , pp. 18-19
    • Gonzalez-Granado, L.I.1    Rojo Cornejo, P.2    Gonzalez-Tome, M.I.3    Camaño, I.4    Salto, E.5    Flores, M.6
  • 24
    • 0037240180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Argentina
    • Gurtler R.E., Segura E.L., Cohen J.E. Congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Argentina. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2003, 9:29-32.
    • (2003) Emerg. Infect. Dis. , vol.9 , pp. 29-32
    • Gurtler, R.E.1    Segura, E.L.2    Cohen, J.E.3
  • 25
    • 0026042690 scopus 로고
    • Chagas' heart disease in the United States
    • Hagar J.M., Rahimtoola S.H. Chagas' heart disease in the United States. New Engl. J. Med. 1991, 325:763-768.
    • (1991) New Engl. J. Med. , vol.325 , pp. 763-768
    • Hagar, J.M.1    Rahimtoola, S.H.2
  • 26
    • 77953023904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instituto Nacional de Estadistica, España, 2007. Encuesta Nacional de Inmigrantes. Available at: (accessed 02.02.09).
    • Instituto Nacional de Estadistica, España, 2007. Encuesta Nacional de Inmigrantes. Available at: (accessed 02.02.09). http://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do%3Ftype=pcaxis%26path=%252Ft20%252Fp319%26file=%20inebase%26L=.
  • 27
    • 77953022822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • InstitutoNacional de Estadistica, España, 2009. Available at: (accessed Agosto 28, 2009).
    • InstitutoNacional de Estadistica, España, 2009. Available at: (accessed Agosto 28, 2009). http://www.ine.es/jaxi/tabla.do%3Ftype%20=%20pcaxis%26path=/t20/e301/provi07/l0/%26file=03001.px.
  • 31
    • 84911046373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Migrant workers sending less money to Latin America
    • March
    • Jordan M. Migrant workers sending less money to Latin America. Wall St. J 2009, 17(March):A10.
    • (2009) Wall St. J , vol.17
    • Jordan, M.1
  • 32
    • 36549049779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maladie de Chagas: évaluation des tests de dépistage au centre de transfusion sanguine des armées, prévalence dans les armées
    • Kerleguer A., Massard S., Janus G., Joussemet M. Maladie de Chagas: évaluation des tests de dépistage au centre de transfusion sanguine des armées, prévalence dans les armées. Pathol. Biol. (Paris) 2007, 55:534-538.
    • (2007) Pathol. Biol. (Paris) , vol.55 , pp. 534-538
    • Kerleguer, A.1    Massard, S.2    Janus, G.3    Joussemet, M.4
  • 33
    • 0024433688 scopus 로고
    • Is Trypanosoma cruzi a new threat to our blood supply?
    • Kirchhoff L.V. Is Trypanosoma cruzi a new threat to our blood supply?. Ann. Intern. Med. 1989, 111:773-775.
    • (1989) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.111 , pp. 773-775
    • Kirchhoff, L.V.1
  • 34
    • 0022312382 scopus 로고
    • Chagas disease in Latin American immigrants
    • Kirchhoff L.V., Neva F.A. Chagas disease in Latin American immigrants. JAMA 1985, 254:3058-3060.
    • (1985) JAMA , vol.254 , pp. 3058-3060
    • Kirchhoff, L.V.1    Neva, F.A.2
  • 35
    • 0023634582 scopus 로고
    • American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease) in Central American immigrants
    • Kirchhoff L.V., Gam A.A., Gillian F.C. American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease) in Central American immigrants. Am. J. Med. 1987, 82:915-920.
    • (1987) Am. J. Med. , vol.82 , pp. 915-920
    • Kirchhoff, L.V.1    Gam, A.A.2    Gillian, F.C.3
  • 36
    • 77953028245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kirkey, S., 2007. Canada warned of a silent killer from Central and South America. Available at: (accessed 20.06.07).
    • Kirkey, S., 2007. Canada warned of a silent killer from Central and South America. Available at: (accessed 20.06.07). http://www.canada.com/components/print.aspx%3Fid=baf0ea27-77c8-4e8d-9a32-75e3615fb7d6%26k.
  • 37
    • 27744566920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leiby, D.A., 2005. Emerging infectious agents. In: G.N. Vyas, A.E. Williams (Eds.). Advances in Transfusion Safety. Dev. Biol. (Basel). Basel, Karger
    • Leiby, D.A., 2005. Emerging infectious agents. In: G.N. Vyas, A.E. Williams (Eds.). Advances in Transfusion Safety. Dev. Biol. (Basel). Basel, Karger, vol. 120, pp. 11-15.
    • , vol.120 , pp. 11-15
  • 38
    • 0032965669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trypanososma cruzi in a low-to moderate-risk blood donor population: seroprevalence and possible congenital transmission
    • Leiby D.A., Fucci M.H., Stumpf R.J. Trypanososma cruzi in a low-to moderate-risk blood donor population: seroprevalence and possible congenital transmission. Transfusion 1999, 39:310-317.
    • (1999) Transfusion , vol.39 , pp. 310-317
    • Leiby, D.A.1    Fucci, M.H.2    Stumpf, R.J.3
  • 39
    • 35748942607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chagas disease: clinical overview and implications for nursing
    • Lennox H.A., Karcz D.A., Tales H., El Masri M. Chagas disease: clinical overview and implications for nursing. Medsurg. Nurs. 2007, 16:229-235.
    • (2007) Medsurg. Nurs. , vol.16 , pp. 229-235
    • Lennox, H.A.1    Karcz, D.A.2    Tales, H.3    El Masri, M.4
  • 43
    • 0026690989 scopus 로고
    • Does Chagas' disease exist as an undiagnosed form of cardiomyopathy in the United States?
    • Milei J., Mautner B., Storino R., Sánchez J.A., Ferrans V.J. Does Chagas' disease exist as an undiagnosed form of cardiomyopathy in the United States?. Am. Heart J. 1992, 123:1732-1735.
    • (1992) Am. Heart J. , vol.123 , pp. 1732-1735
    • Milei, J.1    Mautner, B.2    Storino, R.3    Sánchez, J.A.4    Ferrans, V.J.5
  • 46
    • 33645356193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats
    • Elsevier Inc. Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia, PA
    • Ostroff S.M., McDade J.E., LeDuc J.W., Hughes J.M. Emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats. Principles and Practices of Infectious Diseases 2005, vol. 1.:173-192. Elsevier Inc. Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia, PA. 6th ed.
    • (2005) Principles and Practices of Infectious Diseases , vol.1 , pp. 173-192
    • Ostroff, S.M.1    McDade, J.E.2    LeDuc, J.W.3    Hughes, J.M.4
  • 47
    • 77953025211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Padilla, B., Peixoto, J., 2007. Latin American immigration to Southern Europe. Migration information source. Available at: (accessed 10.02.09).
    • Padilla, B., Peixoto, J., 2007. Latin American immigration to Southern Europe. Migration information source. Available at: (accessed 10.02.09). http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm%3FID=609.
  • 48
    • 77953022129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalencia de la enfermedad de Chagas en gestantes y en un banco de sangre de Valencia
    • Parada C., Roig R., Fraile T., Navarro D., Borras R. Prevalencia de la enfermedad de Chagas en gestantes y en un banco de sangre de Valencia. Enf. Emerg. 2008, 10(Suppl. 1):47-48.
    • (2008) Enf. Emerg. , vol.10 , Issue.1 SUPPL. , pp. 47-48
    • Parada, C.1    Roig, R.2    Fraile, T.3    Navarro, D.4    Borras, R.5
  • 49
    • 77953024564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Passel, J.S., Cohn, D., 2009a. Trends in Unauthorized Immigration: Undocumented Inflow Now Trails Legal Inflow. Pew Hispanic Center. Available at: (accessed 10.08.09).
    • Passel, J.S., Cohn, D., 2009a. Trends in Unauthorized Immigration: Undocumented Inflow Now Trails Legal Inflow. Pew Hispanic Center. Available at: (accessed 10.08.09). http://pewhispanic.org/files/reports/94.pdf.
  • 50
    • 77953019936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Passel, J.S., Cohn, D., 2009b. Mexican Immigrants: How many come? How many leave? Pew Hispanic Center. Available at: (accessed 11.08.09).
    • Passel, J.S., Cohn, D., 2009b. Mexican Immigrants: How many come? How many leave? Pew Hispanic Center. Available at: (accessed 11.08.09). http://pewhispanic.org/reports/report.php%3FReportID=112.
  • 51
    • 0021016323 scopus 로고
    • Chagas' disease in northern California: no longer an endemic diagnosis
    • Pearlman J.D. Chagas' disease in northern California: no longer an endemic diagnosis. Am. J. Med. 1983, 75:1057-1060.
    • (1983) Am. J. Med. , vol.75 , pp. 1057-1060
    • Pearlman, J.D.1
  • 52
    • 0019467558 scopus 로고
    • Asymptomatic congenital Chagas' disease in a five-year-old child
    • Pehrson P.O., Wahlgren M., Bengtsson E. Asymptomatic congenital Chagas' disease in a five-year-old child. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 1981, 13:307-308.
    • (1981) Scand. J. Infect. Dis. , vol.13 , pp. 307-308
    • Pehrson, P.O.1    Wahlgren, M.2    Bengtsson, E.3
  • 55
    • 77953022628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perrogon, A.B., 2007. Miles de niños quedaron sin sus padres. El Deber, Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 12 April
    • Perrogon, A.B., 2007. Miles de niños quedaron sin sus padres. El Deber, Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 12 April, p. A8.
  • 56
    • 77953026935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pew Hispanic Center, 2009. Statistical Portrait of the Foreign-Born Population in the United States, 2007. Available at: (accessed 25.07.09).
    • Pew Hispanic Center, 2009. Statistical Portrait of the Foreign-Born Population in the United States, 2007. Available at: (accessed 25.07.09). http://pewhispanic.org/factsheets/factsheet.php%3FFactsheetID=45.
  • 58
    • 0035468745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and epidemiological aspects of Chagas disease
    • Prata A. Clinical and epidemiological aspects of Chagas disease. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2001, 1:92-100.
    • (2001) Lancet Infect. Dis. , vol.1 , pp. 92-100
    • Prata, A.1
  • 60
    • 77953022531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real Decreto 1088/2005, 2005 Boletín Oficial del Estado del 20 de septiembre 2005. 225, 31288-304. Royal Decree 1088/2005. Official Spanish Gazette 225, 31288-304.
    • Real Decreto 1088/2005, 2005 Boletín Oficial del Estado del 20 de septiembre 2005. 225, 31288-304. Royal Decree 1088/2005. Official Spanish Gazette 225, 31288-304.
  • 61
    • 77953021543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sack, A., 2009. La crisis en España, el golpe que acelera un regreso sin gloria. La Nacion, Buenos Aires, Sunday 22 February. Available at: (accessed 24.02.09).
    • Sack, A., 2009. La crisis en España, el golpe que acelera un regreso sin gloria. La Nacion, Buenos Aires, Sunday 22 February. Available at: (accessed 24.02.09). http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.aspnota_id=1102243.
  • 63
    • 0025740325 scopus 로고
    • Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas' disease: status in the blood supply in endemic and nonendemic countries
    • Schmunis G.A. Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas' disease: status in the blood supply in endemic and nonendemic countries. Transfusion 1991, 31:547-557.
    • (1991) Transfusion , vol.31 , pp. 547-557
    • Schmunis, G.A.1
  • 65
    • 36348949834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of Chagas disease in non endemic countries: the role of international migration
    • Schmunis G.A. Epidemiology of Chagas disease in non endemic countries: the role of international migration. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 2007, 102(Suppl. 1):75-85.
    • (2007) Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz , vol.102 , Issue.1 SUPPL. , pp. 75-85
    • Schmunis, G.A.1
  • 66
    • 0006286266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction and historical overview
    • Instituto Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (INDRE), Mexico, DF, C.J. Schofield, J.P. Dujardin, J. Jurberg (Eds.)
    • Schofield C.J., Dias J.C.P. Introduction and historical overview. Proceedings International Workshop on Population Genetics and Control of Triatominae 1996, Instituto Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (INDRE), Mexico, DF, pp. 11-16. C.J. Schofield, J.P. Dujardin, J. Jurberg (Eds.).
    • (1996) Proceedings International Workshop on Population Genetics and Control of Triatominae , pp. 11-16
    • Schofield, C.J.1    Dias, J.C.P.2
  • 67
    • 77953027414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribución de los vectores de la Enfermedad de Chagas en países " no endémicos": La posibilidad de transmisión vectorial fuera de América Latina
    • Schofield C.J., Grijalva M.J., Diotaiuti L. Distribución de los vectores de la Enfermedad de Chagas en países " no endémicos": La posibilidad de transmisión vectorial fuera de América Latina. Enf. Emerg. 2009, 11(Suppl. 1):20-27.
    • (2009) Enf. Emerg. , vol.11 , Issue.1 SUPPL. , pp. 20-27
    • Schofield, C.J.1    Grijalva, M.J.2    Diotaiuti, L.3
  • 68
    • 84911010413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing world's parasites, disease hit U.S.
    • August 22-23
    • Simon S., McKay B. Developing world's parasites, disease hit U.S. Wall St. J. 2009, A3. August 22-23.
    • (2009) Wall St. J.
    • Simon, S.1    McKay, B.2
  • 69
    • 0024971314 scopus 로고
    • Does influx from endemic areas mean more transfusion-associated Chagas' disease?
    • Skolnick A. Does influx from endemic areas mean more transfusion-associated Chagas' disease?. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 1989, 262:1433.
    • (1989) J. Am. Med. Assoc. , vol.262 , pp. 1433
    • Skolnick, A.1
  • 71
    • 34147115268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalencia de la infeccion por Trypanososma cruzi en la poblacion infantil y en mujeres de edad fertil inmigrantes procedentes de America Central y del Sur (Resultados preliminares)
    • Soriano A., Verges M., Muñoz J., Castells C., Portus M., Gascon J. Prevalencia de la infeccion por Trypanososma cruzi en la poblacion infantil y en mujeres de edad fertil inmigrantes procedentes de America Central y del Sur (Resultados preliminares). Enf. Emerg. 2007, 9(Suppl. 1):30-33.
    • (2007) Enf. Emerg. , vol.9 , Issue.1 SUPPL. , pp. 30-33
    • Soriano, A.1    Verges, M.2    Muñoz, J.3    Castells, C.4    Portus, M.5    Gascon, J.6
  • 72
    • 77953026667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics Canada. Canada National Statistical Agency.Census 2006. Detail count of citizenship. Available at: (accessed 05.03.09).
    • Statistics Canada. Canada National Statistical Agency.Census 2006. Detail count of citizenship. Available at: (accessed 05.03.09). http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/topics/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?Temporal=2006&PID=89450&GID=837928&METH=1&APATH=3&PTYPE=88971&THEME=72&AID=&FREE=0&FOCUS=&VID=0&GC=99&GK=NA&RL=0&TPL=NA&SUB=0&d1=0&d2=1.
  • 73
    • 33751513755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The seroprevalence of antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi in Latin American refugees and immigrants to Canada
    • Steele L.S., MacPherson D.W., Kim J., Keystone J.S., Gushulak B.D. The seroprevalence of antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi in Latin American refugees and immigrants to Canada. J. Immigr. Minor. Health 2007, 9:43-47.
    • (2007) J. Immigr. Minor. Health , vol.9 , pp. 43-47
    • Steele, L.S.1    MacPherson, D.W.2    Kim, J.3    Keystone, J.S.4    Gushulak, B.D.5
  • 77
    • 0023253503 scopus 로고
    • Exotic stock of Trypanosoma cruzi (Schizotrypanum) capable of development in and transmission by Triatoma protracta protracta from California: public health implications
    • Theis J.H., Tibayrenc M., Mason D.T., Ault S.K. Exotic stock of Trypanosoma cruzi (Schizotrypanum) capable of development in and transmission by Triatoma protracta protracta from California: public health implications. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1987, 36:523-528.
    • (1987) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.36 , pp. 523-528
    • Theis, J.H.1    Tibayrenc, M.2    Mason, D.T.3    Ault, S.K.4
  • 78
    • 77953023468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Census Bureau; 2000. United States Foreign-Born Population. Available at: (accessed 05.01.09).
    • US Census Bureau; 2000. United States Foreign-Born Population. Available at: (accessed 05.01.09). http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/foreign/STP-159-2000tl.html.
  • 79
    • 77953025660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Food and Drug Administration, 2006. FDA approves first test to screen blood donors for Chagas disease. Available at: (accessed 10.03.07).
    • US Food and Drug Administration, 2006. FDA approves first test to screen blood donors for Chagas disease. Available at: (accessed 10.03.07). http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWs/2006/NEW01524.html.
  • 80
    • 77953020489 scopus 로고
    • Investigacion epidemiologica nacional de la enfermedad de Chagas. Ministerio de Prevision Social y Salud Publica, Secretaria ejecutiva P.L.-480 Titulo III. La Paz, Bolivia.
    • Valencia, A.T., 1990. Investigacion epidemiologica nacional de la enfermedad de Chagas. Ministerio de Prevision Social y Salud Publica, Secretaria ejecutiva P.L.-480 Titulo III. La Paz, Bolivia, pp. 1-184.
    • (1990) , pp. 1-184
    • Valencia, A.T.1
  • 82
    • 0027461611 scopus 로고
    • Chagas disease and blood transfusion: a new world problem?
    • Wendell S., Gonzaga A.L. Chagas disease and blood transfusion: a new world problem?. Vox Sang. 1993, 64:1-12.
    • (1993) Vox Sang. , vol.64 , pp. 1-12
    • Wendell, S.1    Gonzaga, A.L.2
  • 83
    • 77953023955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization (WHO), 1991. Control of Chagas' disease. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. W.H.O. Tech. Rep. Ser. 811, Geneva.
    • World Health Organization (WHO), 1991. Control of Chagas' disease. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. W.H.O. Tech. Rep. Ser. 811, Geneva, pp. 1-95.
  • 84
    • 77953021649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization (WHO), 2002. Control of Chagas' disease. Second Report of the WHO Expert Committee. W.H.O. Tech. Rep. Ser. 905, Geneva.
    • World Health Organization (WHO), 2002. Control of Chagas' disease. Second Report of the WHO Expert Committee. W.H.O. Tech. Rep. Ser. 905, Geneva, pp. 1-109.
  • 85
    • 73949128576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenital Chagas disease: Estimating the potential risk in the USA
    • Yadon Z.E., Schmunis G.A. Congenital Chagas disease: Estimating the potential risk in the USA. Am. J. Trop. Med. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2009, 81:927-933.
    • (2009) Am. J. Trop. Med. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.81 , pp. 927-933
    • Yadon, Z.E.1    Schmunis, G.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.