The rise of the highland elamite state in southwestern Iran: "Enclosed" or enclosing nomadism?

Current Anthropology

Volumn 51, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 353-383

  Alizadeh, Abbas ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77952960565     PISSN: 00113204     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/652437     Document Type: Article

References (153)

1. Adams, Robert McC. 1962. Agriculture and urban life in early southwestern Iran. Science 136:109-122.
2. -. 1968. Early civilizations, subsistence, and environment. In Man in adaptation: the biosocial background. Yehuda A. Cohen, ed. Pp. 501-516. Chicago: Aldine.
3. -. 1974. The Mesopotamian social landscape: a view from the frontier. In Reconstructing complex societies: an archaeological colloquium. Charlotte B. Moore, ed. Pp. 1-20. Philadelphia: American Schools of Oriental Research.
4. -. 1978. Strategies of maximization, stability, and resilience in Mesopotamian society, settlement, and agriculture. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 122(5):329-335.
5. Alden, John R. 1982. Trade and politics in Proto-Elamite Iran. Current Anthropology 23(6):613-640.
6. -. 1987. The Susa III Period. In The Archaeology of Western Iran: settlement and society from prehistory to the Islamic conquest. Frank Hole, ed. Pp. 157-170. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.
7. -. 2009. The Kur River Basin in the late 4th and 3rd millennia BC: ceramics, settlement systems, and socio-political organization. Paper presented at the Ancient Iran and Its Neighbours Conference, University of Cambridge, June 26-28. [JRA]
8. -. Forthcoming. The H1 sounding: ceramics and stratigraphy. In Anshan in the 2nd millennium: the GHI excavations at Tal-e Malyan. Philadelphia: University Museum. [JRA]
9. Alden, John R., Kamyar Abdi, Ahmed Azadi, Gary Beckman, and Holly Pittman. 2005. Fars Archaeological Project 2004: excavation at Tal-e Malyan. Iran 43:39-47. [JRA]
10. Algaze, Guillermo. 1989. The Uruk expansion: cross-cultural exchange in early Mesopotamian civilization. Current Anthropology 30(5):571-608.
11. -. 2001. The prehistory of imperialism: the case of Uruk Period Mesopotamia. In Uruk Mesopotamia and its neighbors. Mitchell S. Rothman, ed. Pp. 27-84. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research.
12. Alizadeh, Abbas. 1992. Prehistoric settlement patterns and cultures in Susiana, southwestern Iran. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology.
13. -. 2003. Some observations based on the nomadic character of Fars prehistoric cultural development. In Yeki bud, yeki nabud: essays on the archaeology of Iran in honor of William M. Sumner. Naomi Miller and Kamyar Abdi, eds. Pp. 83-97. Monograph 48. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology.
14. -. 2006a. Archaeological surveys in the Ram Hormuz plain, southwestern Iran. Harvard Semitic Museum Newsletter 10(1):1-3.
15. -. 2006b. The origins of state organizations in highland Iran: the evidence from Tall-e Bakun A. Chicago: Oriental Institute.
16. -. 2008a. Archaeology and the question of mobile pastoralism in late prehistory. In The archaeology ofmobility: Old World and New World nomadism. Hans Barnard and Willeke Z. Wendrich, eds. Pp. 78-114. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology.
17. -. 2008 b. Chogha Mish II: a prehistoric regional center in lowland Susiana, southwestern Iran. Chicago: Oriental Institute.
18. Alizadeh, Abbas, Nicholas Kouchoukos, Tony Wilkinson, Andrew Bauer, and Marjan Mashkour. 2004. Human-environment interactions on the Upper Khuzestan plains, southwest Iran: recent investigations. Paléorient 30(1):69-88.
19. Alizadeh, Abbas, Ali Mahfroozi, Abul Ahrar, Kobra Aqaii, Saeed Ebrahimi, Tobin Hartnell, Mohammad Karami, Lili Niakan, Ali Zalaghi, and Mosa Zare. 2004-2005. Preliminary report on the joint ICHTO-Oriental Institute excavations at KS-004 and KS-108 in lowland Susiana, southwestern Iran. Oriental Institute Annual Report 2004-2005:56-68.
20. Amiet, Pierre. 1979. Archaeological discontinuity and ethnic duality in Elam. Antiquity 53(209):195-204.
21. -. 1986. L'âge des échanges inter-iraniens, 3500-1700 avant J.-C. Paris: Musée du Louvre.
22. Bacon, E. 1954. Types of pastoral nomadism in Central and Southwest Asia. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 10(1):44-68.
23. Barth, Fredrik. 1961. Nomads of South Persia: the Basseri tribe of the Khamseh Confederacy. London: Allen & Unwin.
24. -. 1964a. Capital, investment and the social structure of a pastoral nomadic group in South Persia. In Capital saving and credit in peasant societies. Raymond Firth and Basil S. Yamey, eds. Pp. 69-81. Chicago: Aldine.
25. -. 1964b. Competition and symbiosis in North East Baluchistan. Folk 6(1):15-22.
26. Beck, Lois. 1986. The Qashqa'i of Iran. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
27. -. 2003. Qashqa'i nomadic pastoralists and their use of land. In Yeki bud, yeki nabud: essays on the archaeology of Iran in honor of William M. Sumner. Naomi Miller and Kamyar Abdi, eds. Pp. 289-304. Monograph 48. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology.
28. Black-Michaud, Jacob. 1974. An ethnographic and ecological survey of Luristan, western Persia. Middle Eastern Studies 10(2):210-228.
29. Bobek, Hans. 1962. The main stages in socio-economic evolution from a geographical point of view. In Readings in cultural geography. Philip L. Wagner and Marvin W. Mikesell, eds. Pp. 218-247. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
30. Bradburd, Daniel. 1994. Historical bases of the political economy of Kermani pastoralists: tribal and world markets in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In Pastoralists at the periphery: herders in a capitalist world. Claudia Chang and Harold A. Koster, eds. Pp. 42-61. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
31. Burnham, Philip. 1979. Spatial mobility and political centralization in pastoral societies. In Pastoral production and society. Equipe ecologie et anthropologie des societes pastorales, eds. Pp. 349-360. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
32. Caldwell, Josef. 1968. Tell-i Ghazir. Reallexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archäelogie 3:348-355.
33. Cameron, George G. 1936. History of early Iran. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
34. Carter, Elizabeth. 1986. The Piedmont and the Pusht-I Kuh in the early third millennium BC. In Preehistoire de la Méesopotamie. J.-L. Huot, ed. Pp. 73-83. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
35. -. 1996. Excavations at Anshan (Tal-e Malyan): the Middle Elamite Period. Philadelphia: University Museum.
36. Carter, Elizabeth, and Matthew W. Stolper. 1984. Elam: surveys of political history and archaeology. University of California Publi cations in Near Eastern Studies 25. Berkeley: University of California Press.
37. Cribb, Roger. 1991. Nomads in archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
38. Dahl, Jacob. 2005. Animal husbandry in Susa during the Proto-Elamite Period. Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici 47:81-134.
39. Damerow, Peter, and Robert Englund. 1989. The Proto-Elamite texts from Tepe Yahya. American School of Prehistoric Research Bulletin 39. Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University.
40. Delougaz, Pinhas, and Helene J. Kantor. 1996. Chogha Mish I: the first five seasons of excavations, 1961-1971. Chicago: Oriental Institute.
41. Earle, Timothy K. 1994. Political domination and social evolution. In Companion encyclopedia of anthropology: humanity, culture and social life. Tim Ingold, ed. Pp. 940-961. London: Routledge.
42. Edmonds, Cecil J. 1957. Kurds, Turks and Arabs: politics, travel and research in north-eastern Iraq, 1919-1925. London: Oxford University Press.
43. Falkenstein, Adam. 1950. Ibbistn-Išbi'erra. Zeitschrift fur Assyriologie 49:59-79.
44. Flannery, Kent V. 1999a. Chiefdoms in the early Near East: why it's so hard to identify them. In The Iranian world: essays on Iranian art and archaeology presented to Ezat O. Negahban. Abbas Alizadeh, Yousef Majidzadeh, and Sadeq Malek-Shahmirzadi, eds. Pp. 44-63. Tehran: Markaz Nashr Daneshgahi.
45. -. 1999b. Process and agency in early state formation. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 9(1):3-21.
46. Frangipane, Marcella. 2000. From collective to centralized economies in the Old World. In Cultural evolution: contemporary viewpoints. Gary M. Feinman and Linda Manzanilla, eds. Pp. 215-231. New York: Kluwer.
47. Galaty, John G., Dan Aronson, Philip Salzman, and Amy Chouinard, eds. 1981. The future of pastoral peoples. Ottawa: International Development Research Center.
48. Garrod, Oliver. 1946. The Qashqai tribe of Fars. Journal of the Royal Central Asiatic Society 33:293-306.
49. Garthwaite, Gene R. 1983. Khans and shahs: a documentary analysis of the Bakhtiyari in Iran. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
50. -. 2005. The Persians. Oxford: Blackwell. [GG]
51. -. 2009. Khans and shahs: a history of the Bakhtiyari tribe in Iran. London: I. B. Tauris. [GG]
52. Haas, Jonathan. 1982. The evolution of the prehistoric state. New York: Columbia University Press.
53. Haerinck, Ernie. 1986. The chronology of Luristan, Pusht-I Kuh in the late fourth and first half of the third millennium BC. In Prehistoire de la Mésopotamie. J.-L. Huot, ed. Pp. 55-72. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
54. Haerinck, Ernie, and Bruno Overlaet. 1996. The Chalcolithic Period: Parchinah and Hakalan. Brussels: Royal Museum of Art and History.
55. Hinz, Walther. 1973. The lost world of Elam. New York: New York University Press.
56. Hole, Frank Arnold. 1978. Pastoral nomadism in western Iran. In Explorations in ethnoarchaeology. Richard A. Gould, ed. Pp. 127-167. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
57. -. 1987a. Archaeology of the Village Period. In The archaeology of western Iran: settlement and society from prehistory to the Islamic conquest. Frank Hole, ed. Pp. 29-78. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.
58. -. 1987b. Settlement and society in the Village Period. In The archaeology ofwestern Iran: settlement and society from prehistory to the Islamic conquest. Frank Hole, ed. Pp. 79-106. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.
59. -. 1990. Cemetery or mass grave? reflections on Susa I. In Contributions a l'histoire de l'Iran: melanges of ferts á Jean Perrot. François Vallat, ed. Pp. 1-14. Paris: Editions Recherché surles Civilisations.
60. -. 1995. Assessing the past through anthropological archaeology. In Civilizations of the ancient Near East. Jack Sasson, ed. Pp. 2715-2727. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson.
61. -. 2007. Cycles of settlement in the Khorramabad Valley in Luristan, Iran. In Settlement and society: essays dedicated to Robert McCormick Adams. Elizabeth C. Stone, ed. Pp. 63-82. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology.
62. Huot, Jean-Louis. 1996. Oueili: travaux de 1987 et 1989. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
63. Irons, William. 1979. Political stratification among pastoral nomads. In Pastoral production and society. Équipe écologie et anthropologie des sociétés pastorales, eds. Pp. 361-374. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
64. -. 1994. Why are the Yamut not more stratified? In Pastoralists at the periphery: herders in a capitalist world. Claudia Chang and Harold A. Koster, eds. Pp. 175-196. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
65. Jacobsen, Thorkild. 1939. The Sumerian kinglist. Chicago: Oriental Institute.
66. Johnson, Gregory A. 1973. Local exchange and early state development in southwestern Iran. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology.
67. -. 1977. Aspects of regional analysis in archaeology. Annual Review of Anthropology 6:479-508. [MDD]
68. Kaboli, Mir Abedin. 2000. Archaeological survey at Qomrud. Tehran: Iranian Cultural Heritage Organization. [In Persian.]
69. Kappel, Wayne. 1974. Irrigation development and population pressure. In Irrigation's impact on society. Theodore E. Downing and McGuire Gibson, eds. Pp. 159-167. Tucson: University of Arizona.
70. Khazanov, Anatoly M. 1984. Nomads and the outside world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
71. Kouchoukos, Nicholas, and Tony Wilkinson. 2007. Landscape archaeology in Mesopotamia: past, present, and future. In Settlement and society: essays dedicated to Robert McCormick Adams. Elizabeth C. Stone, ed. Pp. 1-18. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology.
72. Krader, Lawrence. 1979. The origin of the state among the nomads of Asia. In Pastoral production and society. Equipe ecologie et anthropologie des societes pastorales, eds. Pp. 221-234. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
73. Kramer, Carol. 1982. Village ethnoarchaeology. New York: Academic Press.
74. Lamberg-Karlovsky, Carl C. 2003. To write or not to write. In Culture through objects: ancient Near Eastern studies in honour of P. R. S. Moorey. Timothy Potts, Michael Roaf, and Diana Stein, eds. Pp. 59-75. Oxford: Griffith Institute.
75. Lamberg-Karlovsky, Carl C., and Maurizio Tosi. 1989. The Proto- Elamite community at Tepe Yahya: tools of administration and social order. In South Asian archaeology 1985. Karen Frifelt and Per Sørenson, eds. Pp. 104-113. London: Curzon.
76. Lambton, Ann K. S. 1953. Landlord and peasant in Persia. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
77. Lattimore, Owen. 1951. Inner Asian frontiers of China. New York: Capitol.
78. -. 1962. Studies in frontier history. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
79. Layard, Austin Henry. 1846. Description of the province of Khuzi-stan. Journal of the Royal Geographic Society 16:1-105.
80. Lees, Susan H., and Daniel G. Bates. 1974. The origins of specialized nomadic pastoralism: a systemic model. American Antiquity39(2): 187-193.
81. Levine, Louis D., and T. Cuyler Young Jr. 1987. A summary of the ceramic assemblages of the central western Zagros from the Middle Neolithic to the late 3rd millennium B.C. In Preehistoire de la Mésopotamie. J.-L. Huot, ed. Pp. 15-53. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
82. Lewis, Norman N. 1987. Nomads and settlers in Syria and Jordan, 1800-1980. New York: Cambridge University Press.
83. Majidzadeh, Yousef, and Holly Pittman. 2008. Excavations at Konar Sandal in the region of Jiroft in the Halil Basin: first preliminary report (2002-2008). Iran 46:69-104.
84. Marx, Emanuel. 1980. Wage labor and tribal economy of the Bedouin in South Sinai. In When nomads settle: processes of sedentarization as adaptation and response. Phillip C. Salzman, ed. Pp. 111-123. New York: Praeger.
85. Michalowski, Piotr. 1989. The lamentation over the destruction of Sumer and Ur. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.
86. -. 2008. Observations on "Elamites" and "Elam" in Ur III times. In On the Third Dynasty of Ur: studies in honor of Marcel Sigrist. Piotr Michalowski, ed. Pp. 109-125. Boston: American School of Oriental Research.
87. Miroschedji, Pierre de. 1974. Tépé Jalyan, une necropole du IIIe millénaire av. J.C. au Fars oriental (Iran). Arts Asiatique 30:19-64.
88. -. 2003. Susa and the highlands: major trends in the history of Elamite civilization. In Yeki bud, yeki nabud: essays on the archaeology of Iran in honor of William M. Sumner. Naomi Miller and Kamyar Abdi, eds. Pp. 17-38. Monograph 48. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology.
89. Mortensen, Inge Demant. 1993. Nomads of Lurestan. London: Thames & Hudson.
90. Neely, James A., and Henry T. Wright. 1994. Early settlement and irrigation on the Deh Luran plain: village and early state societies in southwestern Iran. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology.
91. Nicholas, Ilene M. 1990. The Proto-Elamite settlement at TUV. Philadelphia: University Museum.
92. Oates, Joan, Thomas E. Davidson, Diana Kamilli, and Hugh Mc-Kerrell. 1977. Seafaring merchants of Ur? Antiquity 51:221-234.
93. Oberling, Pierre. 1974. The Qashqai nomads of Fars. The Hague: Mouton.
94. O'Connell, Robert L. 1989. Ofarms and men. New York: Oxford University Press.
95. Patai, Raphael. 1951. Nomadism: Middle Eastern and Central Asian. Southwest Journal of Anthropology 7(4):401-414.
96. Postgate, J. Nicholas. 1995. Early Mesopotamia: society and economy at the dawn ofhistory. London: Routledge.
97. Potts, Daniel T. 1999. The archaeology of Elam: formation and transformation of an ancient Iranian state. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
98. Quintana, Enrique. 1996. Elam. NABU: Nouvelles Assyriologiques Bréves et Utilitaires 2:43.
99. Rowton, Michael B. 1974. Enclosed nomadism. Journal of Economic and Social History of the Orient 7:1-30.
100. -. 1980. Pastoralism and the periphery in evolutionary perspective. In L Archeeologie de l Iraq du debut de l eepoque neeolithique à 333 avant notre ère: perspectives et limites de l'interprétation anthropologiques des documents. Marie-Thérèse Barrelet, ed. Pp. 291-301. Colloques Internationaux du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 580. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
101. Sáenz, Candelario. 1991. Lords of the waste: predation, pastoral production, and the process of stratification among the eastern Twaregs. In Chiefdoms: power, economy, and ideology. Timothy Earle, ed. Pp. 100-118. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
102. Safar, Fuad, Mohammed Ali Mustafa, and Seton Howard Frederick Lloyd. 1981. Eridu. Baghdad: Ministry of Culture.
103. Sahlins, Marshall. 1967. The segmentary lineage: an organization of predatory expansion. In Comparative political systems. Roland Cohen and John Middleton, eds. Pp. 90-119. Garden City, NY: American Natural History Museum.
104. -. 1968. Tribesmen. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
105. Salzman, Philip C. 1972. Multi-resource nomadism in Iranian Baluchistan. In Perspectives on nomadism. William Irons and Neville Dyson-Hudson, eds. Pp. 60-68. Leiden: Brill.
106. -, ed. 1980. When nomads settle: processes of sedentarization as adaptation and response. New York: Praeger.
107. -. 1994. Baluchi nomads in the market. In Pastoralists at the periphery. Claudia Chang and Harold A. Koster, eds. Pp. 165-174. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
108. -. 2000. Black tents of Baluchistan. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.
109. Sanders, William T. 1984. Pre-industrial demography and social evolution. In On the evolution of complex societies: essays in honor of Harry Hoijer, 1982. William T. Sanders, Henry T. Wright, and Robert McC. Adams, eds. Pp. 7-40. Malibu, CA: Undena.
110. Scheil, Vincent. 1901. Textes élimites-anzanites: première série.Mémoires de la Délégation en Perse 3. Paris: E. Leroux.
111. -. 1904. Textes elimites-anzanites: deuxième série. Mémoires de la Délégation en Perse 5. Paris: E. Leroux.
112. Scott, James C. 1976. The moral economy of the peasant. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
113. Service, Elman. 1962. Primitive social organization. New York: Random House.
114. Sigrist, Marcel, and Tohro Gomi. 1991. The comprehensive catalogue of published Ur III tablets. Bethesda, MD: CDL.
115. Spencer, Charles S. 1998. A mathematical model of primary state formation. Cultural Dynamics 10(1):5-20.
116. Stack, Edward. 1882. Six months in Persia. 2 vols. New York: Putnam.
117. Stark, Freya. 1941 (1934). The valleys of the assassins and other Persian travels. London: J. Murray.
118. Stein, Aurel. 1940. Old routes of western Iran. London: Macmillan. Steinkeller, Piotr. 1982. The question of Marhasi: a contribution to the historical geography of Iran in the third millennium B.C. Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 72(2):237-265.
119. -. 2007. New light on Šimaški and its rulers. Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 97(2):215-232.
120. Stolper, Matthew W. 1982. On the dynasty of Šimaški and the early Sukkalmahs. Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 72(1):42-67.
121. Stone, Elizabeth. 1981. Texts, architecture, and ethnographic analogy: patterns of residence in Old Babylonian Nippur. Iraq 43:19-34.
122. Summerfeld, Walter. 1995. The Kassites of ancient Mesopotamia: origins, politics, and culture. In Civilizations of the ancient Near East. Jack Sasson, ed. Pp. 917-930. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson.
123. Sumner, William M. 1985. The Proto-Elamite city wall at Tal-I Malyan, 1971. Iran 12:153-161.
124. -. 1986. Proto-Elamite civilization in Fars. In Gamdat Nasr: period or regional style? Uwe Finkbeiner and Wolfgang Röllig, eds. Pp. 199-211. Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orient, reihe B, 62. Wiesbaden: Ludwig Reichert.
125. -. 1988. Prelude to Proto-Elamite Anshan: the Lapui phase. Iranica Antiqua 23:23-43.
126. -. 1989. Anshan in the Kaftari phase: patterns of settlement and land use. In Archaeologia Iranica et Orientalis: miscellanea in honorem Louis Vanden Berghe. Léon de Meyer and Ernie Haerinck, eds. Pp. 135-161. Gent: Peeters. [JRA]
127. -. 2003. Urban life in the land of Anshan: excavations at Tal-e Malyan in the highland ofIran. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.
128. Sykes, Percy Molesworth. 1930. A history of Persia. London: MacMillan.
129. Tapper, Richard. 1997. Frontier nomads ofIran: a political and social history of the Shahsevan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [GG]
130. Thucydides. 1972. History of the Peloponnesian War. Rex Warner, trans. London: Penguin.
131. Tobler, Arthur J. 1950. Levels IX-XX, vol. 2 of Excavations at Tepe Gawra. Philadelphia: University Museum.
132. Vallat, François. 1980. Suse et l'Elam. Paris: Association pour la Diffusion de la Pensée Française.
133. -. 1985. Elements de geographie élimite. Paléorient 11(2): 49-54.
134. Vanden Berghe, Louis. 1987. Luristan, Pusht-i-Kuh au chalcolithique moyen (les nécropoles de Parchinah et Hakalan). In Préhistoire de la Meesopotamie. J.-L. Huot, ed. Pp. 91-106. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
135. Wallace, Anthony F. C. 1971. Administrative forms of social organization. McCaleb Module in Anthropology 9. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
136. Wells, H. L. 1883. Surveying tours in southern Persia. Proceedings of the Royal Geographic Society 5:138-162.
137. Westholz, J. G. 1987. Old Sumerian and Old Akkadian texts in Philadelphia. Copenhagen: Carsten Niebuhr Institute.
138. Woolley, C. Leonard. 1955. The early periods, vol. 4 of Ur excavations. Philadelphia: Allen, Lane & Scott.
139. Wright, Henry T. 1977. Recent research on the origin of the state. Annual Review of Anthropology 6:379-397.
140. -, ed. 1979. Archaeological investigations in northeastern Xuzestan, 1976. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology.
141. -. 1981. An early town on the Deh Luran plain: excavations at Tepe Farukhabad. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology.
142. -. 1984. Prestate political formation. In On the evolution of complex societies: essays in honor of Harry Hoijer, 1982.WilliamT. Sanders, Henry T. Wright, and Robert McC. Adams, eds. Pp. 41-78. Malibu, CA: Undena.
143. -. 1987. The Susiana hinterlands during the era of primary state formation. In The archaeology of western Iran: settlement and society from prehistory to the Islamic conquest. Frank Hole, ed. Pp. 141-155. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.
144. -. 1994. Pre-state political formations. In Chiefdoms and early states in the Near East: the organizational dynamics ofcomplexity. Gil Stein and Mitchell S. Rothman, eds. Pp. 67-84. Madison, WI: Prehistory.
145. Wright, Henry T., and Elizabeth Carter. 2003. Archaeological survey on the western Ram Hormuz plain. In Yeki bud, yeki nabud: essays on the archaeology of Iran in honor of William M. Sumner. Naomi Miller and Kamyar Abdi, eds. Pp. 61-82. Monograph 48. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology.
146. Wright, Henry T., and Gregory Johnson. 1975. Population, exchange, and early state formation in southwestern Iran. American Anthropologist 77(2):267-289.
147. Wright, Henry T., and Richard Redding. 1979. Test excavations at Tappeh Sabz 'Ali Zabarjad. In Archaeological investigations in northeastern Xuzestan, 1976. Henry T. Wright, ed. Pp. 38-42. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology.
148. Yoffee, Norman. 1988. Collapse of ancient Mesopotamian states and civilization. In The collapse of ancient states and civilizations.Nor- man Yoffee and George Cowgill, eds. Pp. 44-68. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
149. -. 2005. Myths of the archaic state: evolution of the earliest cities, states and civilizations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
150. Young, T. Cuyler, Jr. 1986. Godin Tepe VI/V and central western Iran at the end of the fourth millennium. In Ǧamdat Nasr: period or regional style? Uwe Finkbeiner and Wolfgand Röllig, eds. Pp. 212-228. Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orient, reihe B, 62. Wiesbaden: Ludwig Reichert.
151. Zadok, R. 1994. Elamite and other peoples from Iran and the Persian Gulf region in early Mesopotamian sources. Iran 32:31-51.
152. Zagarell, Allen. 1982. The prehistory of the northeast Bakhtiyari Mountains, Iran. Wiesbaden: Ludwig Reichert.
153. -. 1989. Pastoralism and the early state in Greater Mesopotamia. In Archaeological thought in America. Carl C. Lamberg- Karlovsky, ed. Pp. 280-301. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.