A simple mixing scheme for models that resolve breaking internal waves

Ocean Modelling

Volumn 33, Issue 3-4, 2010, Pages 224-234

  Klymak, Jody M ^a   Legg, Sonya M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA   (Canada)

^b PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Flow over topography; Internal waves; Mixing; Parameterizations; Stratified flow; Turbulence

Indexed keywords

BREAKING WAVES; EDDY DIFFUSIVITIES; ENERGY LOSS; FLUX COEFFICIENTS; INTERNAL WAVES; MIXING PARAMETERIZATIONS; OZMIDOV SCALE; PARAMETERIZATIONS; STRATIFIED FLOWS; TUNABLE PARAMETER; TURBULENCE DISSIPATION; TURBULENT PRANDTL NUMBER;

AERODYNAMICS; ELECTRON ENERGY LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY DISSIPATION; FLUID DYNAMICS; HYDRODYNAMICS; OCEANOGRAPHY; PARAMETERIZATION; PRANDTL NUMBER; THERMAL STRATIFICATION; TURBULENCE; VISCOSITY;

MIXING;

BREAKING WAVE; DIFFUSIVITY; EDDY; ENERGY DISSIPATION; FLOW OVER SURFACE; FLUID DYNAMICS; INTERNAL WAVE; NUMERICAL MODEL; OVERTURN; PARAMETERIZATION; RICHARDSON NUMBER; STRATIFIED FLOW; TURBULENCE; TURBULENT MIXING; VISCOSITY;

EID: 77952957164     PISSN: 14635003     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.02.005     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Baines P.G. Topographic Effects in Stratified Flows 1995, Cambridge University Press, New York.
2. Canuto V., Cheng Y., Howard A., Esau I. Stably stratified flows: a model with No Ri (cr). J. Atmos. Sci. 2008, 65(7):2437-2447.
3. Dillon T.M. Vertical overturns: a comparison of Thorpe and Ozmidov length scales. J. Geophys. Res. 1982, 87:9601-9613.
4. Farmer D.M., Armi L. Stratified flow over topography: the role of small scale entrainment and mixing in flow establishment. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 1999, 455:3221-3258.
5. Galperin B., Sukoriansky S., Anderson P. On the critical Richardson number in stably stratified turbulence. Atmos. Sci. Lett. 2007, 8(3):65.
6. Gargett A.E., Moum J.N. Mixing efficiencies in turbulent tidal fronts: results from direct and indirect measurement of density flux. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1995, 25:2583-2608.
7. Gill A.E. Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics 1982, Academic.
8. Jackson L., Hallberg R., Legg S. A parameterization of shear-driven turbulence of ocean climate models. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2008, 38:1033-1053.
9. Klymak J.M., Gregg M.C. Tidally generated turbulence over the Knight Inlet sill. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2004, 34(5):1135-1151.
10. Klymak J.M., Legg S., Pinkel R. High-mode stationary waves in stratified flow over large obstacles. J. Fluid Mech. 2010, 644:312-336.
11. Klymak J.M., Pinkel R., Rainville L. Direct breaking of the internal tide near topography: Kaena Ridge, Hawaii. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2008, 38:380-399.
12. Lamb K.G. On the calculation of the available potential energy of an isolated perturbation in a density stratified fluid. J. Fluid Mech. 2008, 597:415-427.
13. Legg S., Adcroft A. Internal wave breaking at concave and convex continental slopes. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2003, 33:2224-2246.
14. Legg S., Briegleb B., Chang Y., Chassignet E., Danabasoglu G., Ezer T., Gordon A., Griffies S., Hallberg R., Jackson L., Large W., Ozgokmen T., Peters H., Price J., Riemenschneider U., Wu W., Xu X., Yang J. Improving oceanic overflow representation in climate models: the gravity current entrainment climate process team. Bull. Am. Met. Soc. 2009, 90(5):657-670.
15. Legg S., Huijts K.M. Preliminary simulations of internal waves and mixing generated by finite amplitude tidal flow over isolated topography. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 2006, 53(1-2):140-156.
16. Legg S., Klymak J.M. Internal hydrualic jumps and overturning generated by tidal flow over a steep ridge. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2008, 1949-1964.
17. Marshall J., Adcroft A., Hill C., Perelman L., Heisey C. A finite-volume, incompressible Navier-Stokes model for studies of the ocean on parallel computers. J. Geophys. Res. 1997, 102(C3):5753-5766.
18. Mellor G.L., Yamada T. Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 1982, 20:851-875.
19. Merrifield M.A., Holloway P.E. Model estimate of M2 internal tide energetics at the Hawaiian Ridge. J. Geophys. Res. 2002, 107(C8). 10.1029/2001JC000996.
20. Moum J.N. Energy-containing scales of turbulence in the ocean thermocline. J. Geophys. Res. 1996, 101(C6):14095-14109.
21. Nash J., Alford M., Kunze E., Martini K., Kelley S. Hotspots of deep ocean mixing on the Oregon continental slope. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2007, 34:L01605. 10.1029/2006GL028170.
22. Osborn T.R. Estimates of the local rate of vertical diffusion from dissipation measurements. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1980, 10:83-89.
23. Press W.H., Teukolsky S.A., Vetterling W.T., Flannery B.P. Numerical Recipes in C 1992, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 2nd ed.
24. Smyth W.D., Moum J.N., Caldwell D.R. The efficiency of mixing in turbulent patches: inferences from direct simulations and microstructure observations. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2001, 31:1969-1992.
25. Smyth W.D., Nash J., Moum J. Differential diffusion in breaking Kelvin-Helmholtz billows. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2005, 35:2753-2766.
26. Thorpe S.A. Turbulence and mixing in a Scottish loch. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 1977, 286:125-181.
27. van Leer B. Towards the ultimate conservative difference scheme. J. Comput. Phys. 1979, 32:101-136.
28. Venayagamoorthy S.K., Fringer O.B. Nonhydrostatic and nonlinear contributions to the energy flux budget in nonlinear internal waves. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2005, 32(L15603).
29. Wesson J.C., Gregg M.C. Mixing at Camarinal Sill in the Strait of Gibraltar. J. Geophys. Res. 1994, 99(C5):9847-9878.