From alchemy to “chymistry”

The Cambridge History of Science: Early Modern Science

Volumn 3, Issue , 2006, Pages 497-517

  Newman, William R ^a  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

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EID: 77952937827     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CHOL9780521572446.022     Document Type: Chapter

References (120)

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2. Nicolas Lemery, whose Cours De chimie was reprinted in expanding editions into the eighteenth century, refers to Hermes as one of the fathers of “chimie.”.
3. Lemery, Cours De chimie (Paris: [Lemery], 1675), p. 2.
4. William R. Newman and Lawrence Principe, “Alchemy versus Chemistry: The Etymological Origins of a Historiographic Mistake”, Early Science and Medicine, 3 (1998), 32-65.
5. Thomas Aquinas, Super Boetium De trinitate, in Sancti Thomae De Aquino opera omnia, Leonine edition (Rome: Commissio Leonina, 1992), pp. 140-1.
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15. Sylvain Matton, “l'influence De l'humanisme sur la tradition alchimique”, Micrologus, 3 (1995), 279-345.
16. Matton, “l'influence”, pp. 280-1, 285, 292-3, and 297.
17. William R. Newman, Promethean Ambitions: Alchemy and the Quest to Perfect Nature (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004), pp. 34-114.
18. Paul Kraus, Jabir ibn Hayyan: Contribution a l'histoire des idees scientifiques dans l'Islam, 2 vols. (Cairo: Institut Francais d'Archeologie Orientale, 1942), 2: 4.
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21. William R. Newman, “The Philosophers’ Egg: Theory and Practice in the Alchemy of Roger Bacon”, Micrologus, 3 (1995), 75-101.
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27. William R. Newman, Gehennical Fire: The Lives of George Starkey, an American Alchemist in the Scientific Revolution (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1994), pp. 213-21.
28. Agrippa, De occulta philosophia, p. 93; Newman, Gehennical Fire, p. 214.
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32. Newman and Principe, “Alchemy versus Chemistry”, pp. 32-65.
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61. Gundolf Keil, “Paracelsus und die neuen Krankheiten”, and “Mittelalterliche Konzepte in der Medi-zin des Paracelsus”, in Paracelsus-Das Werk-Die Rezeption, ed. Volker Zimmermann (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1995), pp. 17-46, 173-93.
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68. Hannaway, The Chemists and the Word: The Didactic Origins of Chemistry (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975).
69. Newman, “Alchemical Symbolism and Concealment.”.
70. T. S. Patterson, “Jean Beguin and His Tyrocinium chymicum”, Annals of Science, 2 (1937), 243-98.
71. Jean Beguin, Tyrocinium chymicum recognitum et auctum … (Paris: Matheus le Maistre, 1612), sig. [aiiv].
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73. Andreas Libavius, Commentariorum alchymiae … pars prima, in Libavius, Alchymia (Frankfurt: Joannes Saurius, 1606), p. 77.
74. Georg Stahl, Fundamenta chymiae dogmatico-rationalis experimentalis (Nuremberg: Wolfgang: Mauritii Endteri Filiae, 1732), pt. 1.
75. J. L. Comstock, Elements of Chemistry (New York: Robinson, Pratt, 1838), p. 9.
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77. Moran, Chemical Pharmacy, p. 10.
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85. Newman, Gehennical Fire, pp. 54-91, 170-5.
86. Newman and Principe, Alchemy Tried in the Fire: Starkey, Boyle, and the Fate of Helmontian Chymistry (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002).
87. Newman and Principe, “Alchemy versus Chemistry”, pp. 59-63.
88. Helene Metzger, Les doctrines chimiques en France du debut du XVIIe a la fin du XVIIIe siecle, vol. 1(Paris: Les Presses Universitaires De France, 1923), p. 133.
89. William R. Newman, The “Summa perfectionis” of Pseudo-Geber (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1991), esp. Pp. 143-92.
90. Geber to Sennert”, in Late Medieval and Early Modern Corpuscular Matter Theory, ed. Christoph Luthy, John E. Murdoch, and William R. Newman (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2001), pp. 291-329.
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93. Newman, Gehennical Fire, p. 146.
94. Georg Stahl, Philosophical Principles of Universal Chemistry …, trans. Peter Shaw (London: Osborn and Longman, 1730), p. 395.
95. Newman and Principe, Alchemy Tried in the Fire, p. 185.
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97. Principe, Aspiring Adept, p. 161.
98. Principe, “Robert Boyle's Alchemical Pursuits”, pp. 96-7.
99. William R. Newman, “Newton's Clavis as Starkey's Key”, Isis, 78 (1987), 564-74.
100. William R. Newman, “The Background to Newton's Chymistry”, in The Cambridge Companion to Newton, ed. I. Bernard Cohen and George Smith (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), pp. 358-69.
101. Newman, Gehennical Fire, pp. 209-27.
102. Paul Walden, Mass, Zahl und Gewicht in der Chemie der Vergangenheit, in Sammlung chemischer und chemisch-technischer Vortrage begrundet von F. B. Ahrens, ed. H. Grossmann (Neue Folge, Heft 8) (Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke, 1931), p. 3.
103. Ernst Darmstaedter, “Berg-, Probir-und Kunstbuchlein”, in Munchener Beitrage zur Geschichte und Literatur der Naturwissenschaften und Medizin, 2/3 (1926), 101-206.
104. Georgius Agricola, De re metallica, trans. Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover (New York: Dover, 1950), pp. Xxvii-ix and 607-15.
105. William Eamon, Science and the Secrets of Nature: Books of Secrets in Medieval and Early Modern Culture (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1994), pp. 112-20.
106. Frederic L. Holmes, Eighteenth-Century Chemistry as an Investigative Enterprise (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989).
107. Nicolas Lemery, Cours De chymie, 10th ed. (Paris: Delespine, 1713), pp. 70-1.
108. Alan B. H. Taylor, “An Episode with May-Dew”, History of Science, 22 (1994), 163-84.
109. Robert G. Frank, Jr., Harvey and the Oxford Physiologists (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980), pp. 115-39 and 221-45.
110. Newman, Promethean Ambitions, chap. 5.
111. Newman, “Alchemy, Dom-ination, and Gender”, in A House Built on Sand, ed. Noretta Koertge (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 216-26.
112. William R. Newman, “Art, Nature, and Experiment among Some Aristotelian Alchemists”, in Texts and Contexts in Ancient and Medieval Science, ed. Edith Sylla and Michael McVaugh (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1997), pp. 305-17
113. Newman, “Corpuscular Alchemy and the Tradition of Aristotle's Meteorology.
114. Daniel Sennert”, International Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 15 (2001), 145-53.
115. William R. Newman, “Alchemical and Baconian Views on the Art/Nature Division”, in Reading the Book of Nature, ed. Allen G. Debus and Michael T. Walton (Kirksville, Mo.: Sixteenth Century Journal Publishers, 1998), pp. 81-90.
116. Betty Jo Teeter Dobbs, The Janus Faces of Genius: The Role of Alchemy in Newton's Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), p. 267.
117. Pamela H. Smith, The Business of Alchemy: Science and Culture in the Holy Roman Empire (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1994).
118. Tara Nummedal, “Practical Alchemy and Commercial Exchange in the Holy Roman Empire”, in Merchants and Marvels: Commerce, Science, and Art in Early Modern Europe, ed. Pamela H. Smith and Paula Findlen (New York: Routledge, 2002), pp. 201-22.
119. Lawrence Principe and William R. Newman, “Some Problems with the Historiography of Alchemy”, in Secrets of Nature: Astrology and Alchemy in Early Modern Europe, ed. William R. Newman and Anthony Grafton (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2001), pp. 385-431.
120. Newman and Principe, Alchemy Tried in the Fire, pp. 35-155 and 273-314.