A matter of respect: A defense of the dead donor rule and of a "whole-brain" criterion for determination of death

Journal of Medicine and Philosophy

Volumn 35, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 330-364

  Khushf, George ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

Author keywords

Dead donor rule; Determination of death; Inverse decapitation problem; Whole brain death

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIOETHICS; BRAIN; BRAIN DEATH; DEATH; DONOR; ETHICS; HUMAN; LEGAL ASPECT; MEDICAL ETHICS; PERSONHOOD; PHYSIOLOGY; TRANSPLANTATION; UNITED STATES;

BIOETHICAL ISSUES; BRAIN; BRAIN DEATH; DEATH; ETHICS, MEDICAL; HUMANS; PERSONHOOD; TISSUE AND ORGAN HARVESTING; TISSUE AND ORGAN PROCUREMENT; TISSUE DONORS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 77952926109     PISSN: 03605310     EISSN: 17445019     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhq023     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Arnold, R., and S. Youngner. 1993. The dead donor rule: Should we stretch it, bend it, or abandon it? Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 3:263-78.
2. Belkin, G. 2003. Brain death and the historical understanding of bioethics. Journal of the History of Medicine 58:325-61.
3. Bernat, J. 1998. A defense of the whole-brain concept of death. Hastings Center Report 28(2): 14-23.
4. -. 2006. The whole-brain concept of death remains optimum public policy. Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 34:35-43.
5. Bernat, J., C. Culver, and B. Gert. 1981. On the definition and criterion of death. Annals of Internal Medicine 94:389-94.
6. -. 1982. The report of the President's Commission: Defining death in theory and practice. Hastings Center Report 12(1):5-9.
7. Capron, A. M. 1972. The purpose of death: A reply to Professor Dworkin. Indiana Law Journal 48:640-6.
8. -. 1988. The report of the President's Commission on the uniform determination of death. In Death: Beyond whole brain criteria (pp. 147-70), ed. R. Zaner. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
9. Capron, A. M., and L. Kass. 1972. A statutory definition of the standards for determining human death: An appraisal and proposal. University of Pennsylvania Law Review 121: 87-118.
10. Capron, A. M., and J. Lynn. 1982. Defining death: Which way? Hastings Center Report 12(2):43-4.
11. Chiong, W. 2005. Brain death without definitions. Hastings Center Report 35(6):20-30.
12. -. 2006. Winston Chiong replies. Hastings Center Report 36(3):5-6.
13. Engelhardt, H. T. 1988. Reexamining the definition of death and becoming clearer about what it is to be alive. In Death: Beyond whole brain criteria (pp. 91-8), ed. R. Zaner. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
14. -. 1996. Foundations of bioethics. New York: Oxford University Press.
15. Fost, N. 2004. Reconsidering the dead donor rule: Is it important that organ donors be dead? Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 14:249-60.
16. Gert, B. 2006. Matters of 'life' and 'death'. Hastings Center Report, 36(3):4.
17. Glover, J. 1977. Causing death and saving lives. London: Penguin.
18. Green, M., and D. Wikler. 1980. Brain death and personal identity. Philosophy and Public Affairs 9:105-33.
19. Grisez, G., and R. Boyle. 1979. Life and death with liberty and justice: A contribution to the euthanasia debate. Notre Dame, France: University of Notre Dame Press.
20. Halevy, A., and B. Brody. 1993. Brain death: Reconciling definitions, criteria, and tests. Annals of Internal Medicine 119:519-25.
21. Hastings Center Task Force on Death and Dying. 1972. Refinements in criteria for the determination of death. The Journal of the American Medical Association 221:48-53.
22. Hull, D., and M. Ruse, eds. 1998. The philosophy of biology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
23. Jonas, H. 1982 (1968). The phenomenon of life: Toward a philosophical biology. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
24. Jonsen, A. 1998. The birth of bioethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
25. Kass, L. 1971. Death as an event: A commentary on Robert Morison. Science 173:694-8.
26. -. 1985. Thinking about the body. Hastings Center Report 15(1):20-30.
27. -. 1995. Appreciating The Phenomenon of Life. Hastings Center Report 25(7):3-12.
28. Kerridge, I. H., P. Saul, M. Lowe, J. Mchee, and D. Williams. 2002. Death, dying and donation: Organ transplantation and the diagnosis of death. Journal of Medical Ethics 28:89-94.
29. Konstantinov, I., and V. Alexi-Meskishvili. 2000. Sergei S. Brukhonenko: The development of the first heart-lung machine for total body perfusion. Annals of Thoracic Surgeons 69:962-6.
30. Korein, J. 1978. The problem of brain death: Development and history. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences 315(1): 19-38.
31. Krementsov, N. 2009. Off with your heads: Isolated organs in early Soviet science and fiction. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 40:87-100.
32. Lizza, J. 1999. Defining death for persons and human organisms. Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 20:439-453.
33. Meilander, G. 2009. Personal statement of Gilbert C. Meilander, Ph.D. In President's Council on Bioethics (pp. 103-5). Available: http://www.bioethics. gov (accessed December 2009).
34. Miller, F., and R. Truog. 2009. The incoherence of determining death by neurological criteria: A commentary on Controversies in the Determination of Death, a white paper by the President's Council on Bioethics. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 19:185-93.
35. Murphy, E. 1997. The Logic of Medicine, 2nd ed. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
36. Nozick, R. 1981. Philosophical explanations. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
37. Pellegrino, E. 2009. Personal statement of Edmund D. Pellegrino, MD. In President's Council on Bioethics (pp. 107-21). Available: http://www.bioethics. gov (accessed December 2009).
38. Potts, M. 2001. A requium for whole brain death: A response to D. Alan Shewman's 'The brain and somatic integration'. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 26:470-91.
39. President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research. 1981. Defining death: A report on the medical, legal and ethical issues in the determination of death. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
40. President's Council on Bioethics. 2009. Controversies in the determination of death. Washington, DC. Available: www.bioethics.gov (accessed December 2009).
41. Puccetti, R. 1976. The conquest of death. The Monist 59:252.
42. Ramsey, P. 1971. The patient as person: Explorations in medical ethics. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
43. Shewmon, D. A. 2001. The brain and somatic integration: Insights into the standard biological rationale for equating 'brain death' with death. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 26:457-78.
44. -. 2009. Brain death: Can it be resuscitated? Hastings Center Report 39(2): 18-24.
45. Sterelny, K., and P. Griffiths. 1999. Sex and death: An introduction to philosophy of biology. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
46. Truog, R. 1997. Is it time to abandon brain death? Hastings Center Report 27(1)-29-37.
47. -. 2000. Organ transplantation without brain death in Medical Ethics at the Dawn of the 21st Century. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 913:229-39.
48. -. 2007. Brain death - Too flawed to endure, too ingrained to abandon. Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 273-81.
49. Truog, R., and F. Miller. 2008. The dead donor rule and organ transplantation. New England Journal of Medicine 359:674-5.
50. Truog, R., and W. Robinson. 2003. Role of brain death and the dead-donor rule in the ethics of organ transplantation. Critical Care Medicine 31:2391-6.
51. Veatch, R. 1988a. Review of redefining death, by Karen Grandstrand Gervais. Jurimetrics Journal 28:243-6.
52. -. 1988b. Whole-brain, neocortical, and higher brain related concepts. In Death: Beyond whole brain criteria (pp. 171-86), ed. R. Zaner. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
53. -. 1993. The impending collapse of the whole-brain definition of death. Hastings Center Report 23(4):18-24.
54. -. 1995. Abandoning informed consent. Hastings Center Report 25(2):5-12.
55. -. 2005. The death of whole-brain death: The plague of the disaggregators, somaticists, and mentalists. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 30:353-78.
56. -. 2009. The evolution of death and dying. Hastings Center Report 39(3):16-9.
57. Wijdicks, E. 2003. The neurologist and Harvard criteria for brain death. Neurology 61:970-6.