The festival calendars in exodus XXIII 14-19 and XXXIV 18-26

Vetus Testamentum

Volumn 48, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 161-195

  Bar On, Shimon ^a  

^a NONE   (Israel)

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EID: 77952896491     PISSN: 00424935     EISSN: 15685330     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/1568533982721749     Document Type: Article

References (123)

1. Mesudat David; B. Baentsch, Exodus-Leviticus-Numeri (Gottingen, 1903);
2. G. Beer and K. Galling, Exodus (Tubingen, 1939);
3. U. Cassuto, A Commentary on Exodus, trans, by I. Abrahams (Jerusalem, 1967);
4. B.S. Childs, The Book of Exodus (London, 1974);
5. A. Dillmann and V. Ryssel, Die Biicher Exodus und Leviticus (Leipzig, 1897);
6. S.R. Driver, The Book of Exodus (Cambridge, 1911);
7. B.D. Eerdmans, Alttestamentliche Studien HI: Das Buch Exodus (Giefien, 1910);
8. P. Heinisch, Das Buch Exodus (Bonn, 1934);
9. H. Holzinger, Exodus (Tubingen, 1900);
10. B.Jacob, Das zweite Buch der Tora Exodus (microfilm) (London, 1945);
11. W. Johnstone, Exodus (Sheffield, 1990);
12. A. Kahana, Sefer Semot (Kiev, 1913);
13. M. Kalisch, A Historical and Critical Commentary on the Old Testament. Exodus (London, 1855);
14. C.F. Keil, Genesis und Exodus (Leipzig, 1866);
15. A.H. McNeile, The Book of Exodus (London, 1908);
16. M. Noth, Das zweite Buch Mose, Exodus (Gottingen, 1958);
17. J.C. Rylaarsdan and J.E. Park, "The Book of Exodus", Interpreter's Bible I (New York and Nashville, 1952), pp. 831-1099.
18. Unless stated otherwise, "festival calendar" includes the laws in Exod. xxiii 18-19 and xxxiv 25-6, in addition to the provisions pertaining to the three pilgrimages.
19. See, for instance, Dillmann-Ryssel, pp. 370-1;
20. C.H. Cornill, Einleitung in die kano-nischen Biicher des Alten Testaments (Tubingen, 1905), pp. 28-9;
21. R. Kittel, Geschichte des Volkes Israel (Gotha, 19163), p. 493;
22. G.W. Anderson, A Critical Introduction to the Old Testament (London, 1959), pp. 31, 35, 50;
23. DJ. McCarthy, Treaty and Covenant (Rome, 1963), p. 165;
24. M. Haran, "sefer haberit", Encyclopaedia Biblica (Hebrew) 5, p. 1090.
25. J.F.L. George, Die alteren Judischen Feste (Berlin, 1835), pp. 110ff.;
26. A. Klostermann, Der Pentateuch (Leipzig, 1893), pp. 527ff.;
27. A. Sanda, Moses und der Pentateuch (Miinster, 1924), pp. 185-7;
28. A. Alt, "Die Urspriinge des israelitischen Rechts", Kleine Schriften zur Geschichte des Volkes Israeli (Munich, 1953), p. 317 n. 1;
29. A. Rofe, Introduction to Deuteronomy (Hebrew) (Jerusalem, 1988), p. 38 n. 1;
30. M. Fishbane, Biblical Interpretation in Ancient Israel (Oxford, 1985), pp. 194-7.
31. See C. Steuernagel, Lehrbuch der Einleitung in das Alte Testament (Tubingen, 1912), p. 160
32. I. Knohl, The Sanctuary of Silence (Minneapolis, 1995), pp. 71-3
33. A. Geiger, Urschrift und Ubersetzungen der Bibel (Breslau, 18572 [18281]), p. 337;
34. In B.W. Bacon's view [The Triple Tradition of the Exodus [Hartford, 1894], p. 56
35. J. Halbe, Das Priuilegrecht Jahwes Ex 34, 10-26.
36. Gestalt und Wesen, Herkunft und Wirken in vordeuteronomischer Zeit (Gottingen, 1975), p. 190.
37. F. Criisemann, Die Tora. Theologie und Sozialgechichte des alttestamentlichen Gesetzes (Munich, 1992), p. 159;
38. S. Naeh, "Did the Tannaim Interpret the Script of the Torah Differently From the Authorized Reading?" (Hebrew), Tarbiz 61 (1992), pp. 436-9;
39. D. Henschke, "On the Tannaitic Meaning of the Expression ys'em lmqr'" (Hebrew), Tarbiz 62 (1993), pp. 442-6;
40. BJ. Schwartz, "Sabu'a, sabu'ot and Seven Weeks" (Hebrew), Tarbiz, 65 (1996), pp. 191-4.
41. Mekilta de-Rabbi Šimcon bar Yohay (ed. E.Z. Epstein - J.N. Melamed, p. 222);
42. Rashi, Rasbam, Nahmanides and Ibn Ezra on Exod. xxxi 13;
43. Rashi and Nahmanides on Exod. xxxv 2;
44. Rasbam and Ibn Ezra on Exod. xxxv 1;
45. J. Wellhausen, Die Composition des Hexateuchs und der historischen Biicher des Alien Testaments (Berlin, 1899), p. 145.
46. M. Greenberg, "Semot, sefer semot", Encyclopaedia Biblica (Hebrew) 8, col. 108
47. A. Kuenen, Historisch-kritische Einkitung in die Biicher des alten Testaments 1/1: Die Entstehung des Hexateuchs (Leipzig, 1887), p. 250
48. H.L. Ginsberg, The Israelian Heritage of Judaism (New York, 1982), p. 64.
49. M. Weinfeld, Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomic School [Oxford, 1972], p. 343
50. A. Even-Shoshan, Hammillon Hehadas [Jerusalem, 1985], p. 1474;
51. J. Wellhausen, Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels (Berlin and Leipzig, 19276), p. 90 n. 1.
52. R.H. Pfeiffer, "The Oldest Decalogue", JBL 43 (1924), p. 304
53. J.W. Wevers, Notes on the Greek Text of Exodus (Atlanta, 1990), p. 566.
54. see R. Rendtorff, Studien zur Geschichte des Opfers im Alien Israel (Neukirchen, 1967), p. 55.
55. N.H. Snaith, "The verbs zdbah and sahat", VT 25 (1975), p. 244;
56. J. Milgrom, Leviticus 1-16 (New York, 1991), p. 154.
57. S. Bar-On, "Zur literarkritischen Analyse von Ex 12, 21-27", ZAW 107 [1995], p. 23);
58. M. Haran (Temples and Temple-Service in Ancient Israel [Oxford, 1978], pp. 328-9
59. E. Konig, Hebraisches und Aramaisches Wbrterbuch zum Alten Testament (Leipzig, 19223), p. 98;
60. The use of the verb yalin in this stipulation cannot be taken as proof that a nighttime sacrifice, i.e., the pesah, is implied, as asserted by Haran (n. 36), pp. 331-2.
61. N.H. Snaith, "Exodus 23: 18 and 34: 25", JUS N.S. 20 (1969), pp. 533-4
62. F. Hitzig, Ostern und Pfingsten im zweiten Dekalog (Heidelberg, 1838), p. 40;
63. J. Spencer, De Legibus Hebraeorum Ritualibus earumque Rationibus 4 [Tubingen, 17322], pp. 310, 335-7;
64. A. Rofe, "The Book of Balaam" (Numbers 22:2-24:25).
65. A Study in Methods of Criticism and the History of Biblical Literature and Religion (Hebrew) (Jerusalem, 1979), pp. 10-57;
66. BDB: "three times shalt thou make pilgrimage unto me (in the year)". Compare Haran (n. 36), pp. 288-92.
67. Y. Zakovitch, "Assimilation in Biblical Narratives", in J.H. Tigay (ed.), Empirical Models for Biblical Criticism (Philadelphia, 1985), pp. 175-96.
68. R. Smend, Lehrbuch der alttestamentlichen Religionsgeschichte (Freiburg, Leipzig, and Tubingen, 18992) p. 280 n. 2;
69. G. Wildeboer, Die Literatur des Alten Testaments nach der Zeitfolge ihrer Entstehung (Gottingen, 19052), p. 103;
70. A.C. Knudson, "The So-called J Decalogue", JBL 28 (1909), p. 86;
71. J. Morgenstern "The Oldest Document of the Hexateuch", HUCA 4 (1927), p. 58;
72. J.A. Bewer, The Literature of the Old Testament (New York and London, 19623), p. 233 and n. 1;
73. A. Bentzen, Introduction to the Old Testament II (Copenhagen 19584), p. 57;
74. W. Beyerlin, Herkunft und Geschkhte der dltesten Sinaitraditionen (Tubingen, 1961), p. 100 n. 1;
75. S. Mowinckel, Erwdgungen zur Pentateuchquellenfrage (Oslo, 1964), pp. 68-70;
76. H.W. Wolff, "Das Kerygma des Jahwisten", in Gesammelte Studien zum Alten Testament (Munich, 1964), p. 368.
77. N. Lohfink, Das Hauptgebot. Eine Untersuchung literarischer Einleitungsfragen zu Dtn 5-11 (Rome, 1963), pp. 59ff.;
78. C.H.W. Brekelmans, "Elements deuteronomiques dans le Pentateuque", Recherches Bibliques 8 (1967), pp. 77-91;
79. F. Langlamet, "Israel et Thabitant du pays'. Vocabulaire et formules d'Ex. XXXIV, 11-6", RB 76 (1969), pp. 321-50, 481-507;
80. F.-E. Wilms, Das jahwisti-sche Bundesbuch in Exodus 34 (Munich, 1973), pp. 148, 232;
81. E. Otto, Das Mazzotfest in Gilgal (Stuttgart, 1975), pp. 208-9;
82. F.-L. Hossfeld, Der Dekalog. Seine spaten Fassungen, die originate Komposition und seine Vorstufen (Freiburg and Gottingen, 1982), pp. 205-12;
83. Law and Covenant in Israel and the Ancient Near East (Pittsburgh, 1955).
84. H.M. Wiener, "Zur Deuteronomiumfrage", MGWJ 72 (1928), pp. 24-48.
85. Hethitische Staatsvertrage (Leipzig, 1931), pp. 12-4.
86. Das Bundesformular (Neukirchen, 1960), pp. 19-28, 48-51.
87. F.B. Knutson, Literary Parallels Between the Texts of Le Palais Royal d'Ugarit IV and the Hebrew Bible (dissertation, Claremont, 1970); pp. 10.
88. D.F. Morgan, The So-Called Cultic Calendars in the Pentateuch (dissertation, Claremont, 1974), p. 96.
89. J.A. Fitzmyer, The Aramaic Inscriptions of Seftre [Rome, 1967])
90. DJ. Wiseman, The Vassal Treaties of Esarhaddon [London, 1958]) serve as apt parallels for the Covenant at the Plains of Moab in Deuteronomy, not of the Sinai Covenant in Exodus.
91. Old Testament Covenant (Oxford, 1972), pp. 29-30;
92. E.W. Nicholson, God and his People. Covenant and Theology in the Old Testament (Oxford, 1986), pp. 81-2, and passim;
93. Kraus, Stamm, Noth, Notscher, Gese, Nielsen, Jepsen and Cazelles (all cited by McCarthy [n. 63], pp. 15-19, 68-73;
94. J. Barr, "Covenant", HDB (Edinburgh, 1963), p. 184;
95. R. Smend, Die Bundesformel (Zurich, 1963), p. 34 n. 16;
96. G. Fohrer, Uberlieferung und Geschichte des Exodus (BZAW 9) (Berlin, 1964), p. 50 n. 71;
97. L. Perlitt, Bundestheologie im Alten Testament (Neukirchen, 1969), pp. 4-5
98. W. Zimmerli, "Erwagungen zum 'Bund'", in HJ. Stoebe (ed.), Wort-Gebot-Glaube (Fs. W. Eichrodt) (Zurich, 1970), p. 189;
99. R. de Vaux, Histoire Ancimne d'Israel (Paris, 1971), p. 388.
100. L.B. Paton, "The Original Form of the Book of the Covenant", JBL 12 (1983), p. 87;
101. H. GreBmann, Mose und seine Zeit (Gottingen, 1913), p. 475 n. 4
102. A. Eberharter, "Besitzen wir in Ex 23 und 34 zwei Rezensionen eines zweiten Dekalogs und in welchem Verhaltnis stehen sie zueinander?", BZ 20 (1932), pp. 159, 162;
103. H.-J. Kraus, Gottesdienst in Israel (Munich, 19622), p. 44;
104. H. Kosmala, "The So-Called Ritual Decalogue", ASTI 1 (1962), p. 38;
105. K. Koch, Was ist Formgeschichte? Neue Wege zur Bibelexegese (Neukirchen, 19672), pp. 60-2;
106. W. Richter, Recht und Ethos (Munich, 1966), p. 94;
107. H. Horn, "Traditionsschichten in Ex 23, 10-33 und Ex 34, 10-26", BZ N.F. 15 (1971), p. 220;
108. G. Holscher, Geschichtsschreibung in Israel (Lund, 1952), p 321;
109. E. Kutsch, "Erwagungen zur Geschichte der Passafeier und des Massotfestes", ZThK 55 (1958), pp. 5-8;
110. see B.R. Goldstein and A. Cooper, "The Festivals of Israel and Judah and the Literary History of the Pentateuch", JAOS 110 (1990), pp. 19-31, esp. p. 24 and n. 44.
111. A. Phillips, Ancient Israel's Criminal Law. A Mew Approach to the Decalogue (Oxford, 1970), pp. 168, 173;
112. idem, "A fresh look at the Sinai Pericope. Part I", VT 34 (1984), pp. 48-50;
113. E. Zenger, Die Sinaitheophanie. Untersuchungen zum jahwistischen und elohistischen Geschichtswerk (Wiirzburg, 1971), p. 164.
114. Chr. Dohmen, "Der Sinaibund als Neuer Bund nach Ex 19-34", in E. Zenger (ed.), Der neue Bund im alten (Freiburg, 1993), p. 64.
115. W. Johnstone, "Reactivating the Chronicles Analogy in Pentateuchal Studies, with Special Reference to the Sinai Pericope in Exodus", ZAW 99 (1987), pp. 16-37;
116. idem, "The Decalogue and the Redaction of the Sinai Pericope in Exodus", ZAW 100 (1988), pp. 361-85;
117. idem, "The Two Theological Versions of the Passover Pericope in Exodus", in R.P. Carroll (ed.), Text as Pretext (Fs. R. Davidson) (Sheffield, 1992), pp. 160-78.
118. compare H. Cazelles, "L'Alliance du Sinai en Ex 34, 10-27", in A. Caquot et al. (ed.), Melanges bibliques et orientaux en I'honneur de MM. Delcor (Paris, 1985), pp. 57-68
119. Studien zur Komposition des Pentateuch (BZAW 189) (Berlin, 1990), pp. 369-70.
120. Y. Osumi, Die Kompositionsgeschichte des Bundesbuches Exodus 20, 22b-23, 33 (Freiburg and Gottingen, 1991), pp. 70-80;
121. Chr. Levin, Der Jahwist (Gottingen, 1993), pp. 368-9.
122. F.V. Winnett, The Mosaic Tradition (Toronto, 1949), pp. 30ff.
123. R.G. Kratz too expresses the view that the literary dependence between the two texts must be acknowledged: "Der Dekalog im Exodusbuch", VT 44 (1994), p. 217.