Particulate air pollution in Mexico city: A detailed view

Aerosol and Air Quality Research

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 193-211

  Vega, Elizabeth ^a   Eidels, Silvia ^a   Ruiz, Hugo ^a   López Veneroni, Diego ^a   Sosa, Gustavo ^a   Gonzalez, Eugenio ^a   Gasca, Jorge ^a   Mora, Virginia ^a   Reyes, Elizabeth ^a   Sánchez Reyna, Gabriela ^a   Villaseñor, Rafael ^a   Chow, Judith C ^b   Watson, John G ^b   Edgerton, Silvia A ^c  

^a INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL PETRÓLEO   (Mexico)

^b DESERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION   (United States)

Author keywords

Air pollution; Fine aerosols; Mexico City; Particles

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL OPTICAL PROPERTY; DAIRY CATTLES; DIURNAL PATTERN; ELEMENTAL CARBON; EMISSION INVENTORIES; EMISSION SOURCES; EMPIRICAL MODEL; FIELD CAMPAIGN; FINE AEROSOLS; HEAVY TRAFFICS; MASS CONCENTRATION; MEXICO CITY; MOBILE SOURCE EMISSIONS; MOBILE SOURCES; PARTICLE CONCENTRATIONS; PARTICLE MASS; PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTION; POLLUTANT DISPERSIONS; PRIMARY EMISSIONS; RECEPTOR MODEL; SECONDARY AEROSOLS; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOLS; SECONDARY ORGANIC CARBON; TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON; VEHICULAR EMISSION; VISIBLE LIGHT ABSORPTION; WIND SPEED; WIND-BLOWN DUST;

AIR QUALITY; AMMONIA; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DAIRIES; DISPERSIONS; MOBILE POWER PLANTS; OPTICAL PROPERTIES; ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; PARTICLES (PARTICULATE MATTER);

ORGANIC CARBON;

AEROSOL FORMATION; AEROSOL PROPERTY; AMMONIA; ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCE; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DATABASE; EMISSION INVENTORY; ORGANIC CARBON; POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; TRAFFIC EMISSION;

FEDERAL DISTRICT [MEXICO]; MEXICO [NORTH AMERICA]; MEXICO CITY;

BOS;

EID: 77952863093     PISSN: 16808584     EISSN: 20711409     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4209/aaqr.2009.06.0042     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Adams, K.M., Davis, L.I. Jr., Japar, S.M., Finley, D.R. and Cary, R.A. (1990). Measurement of Atmospheric Elemental Carbon: Real-Time Data for Los Angeles during Summer 1987. Atmos. Environ. 24A: 597-604.
2. Adams, K.M., Davis, L.I. Jr., Japar, S.M. and Finley, D.R. (1990a). Real-time, in Situ Measurements of Atmospheric Optical Absorption in the Visible via Photoacoustic spectroscopy - IV. Visibility degradation and aerosol optical properties in Los Angeles. Atmos. Environ. 24A: 605-610.
3. Aiken, A.C., DeCarlo, P.F., Kroll, J.H., Worsnop, D.R. Huffman, J.A., Docherty, K.S., Ulbrich, I.M., Mohr, C., Kimmel, J.R., Sueper, D., Sun, Y., Zhang, Q., Trimborn, A., Northway, M., Ziemann, P.J., Canagaratna, M.R., Onasch, T.B., Alfarra, M.R., Prevot, A.S.H., Dommen, J., Duplissy, J., Metzger, A., Baltensperger, U. and Jimenez, J.L. (2008). O/C and OM/OC Ratios of Primary, Secondary, and Ambient Organic Aerosols with High-resolution Time-of-flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometry. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42: 4478-4485.
4. Aiken, A.C., Salcedo, D., Cubison, M.J., Huffman, J.A., DeCarlo, P.F., Ulbrich, I.M., Docherty, K.S., Sueper, D., Kimmel, J.R., Worsnop, D.R., Trimborn, A., Northway, M., Stone, E.A., Schauer, J.J., Volkamer, R., Fortner, E., de Foy, B., Wang, J., Laskin, A., Shutthanandan, V., Zheng, J., Zhang, R., Gaffney, J., Marley, N.A., Paredes-Miranda, G., Arnott, W.P., Molina, L.T., Sosa, G. and Jimenez, J.L. (2009). Mexico City Aerosol Analysis during MILAGRO Using High Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometry at the Urban Supersite (T0) - Part 1: Fine Particle Composition and Organic Source Apportionment. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 9: 8377-8427.
5. 2.5 Particles Collected in Downtown Mexico City. Int. J. PIXE 15: 263-270.
6. ASTER Division. (1994). RAMS, The Regional Atmospheric Modeling System. Technical Description (Draft). ASTER Division, Mission Research Corporation, Fort Collins, CO.
7. ASTER Division. (1999). RAMS, User Manual.
8. Cabada, J.C., Rees, S., Takahama, S., Khlystov, A., Pandis, S.N., Davidson, C.I. and Robinson, A.L. (2004). Mass Size Distributions and Size Resolved Chemical Composition of Fine Particulate Matter at the Pittsburgh Supersite. Atmos. Environ. 38: 3127-3141.
9. CAM (Comisión Ambiental Metropolitana). (2001). Inventario de emisiones a la Atmósfera de la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México 1998. Mexico, D.F.
10. Castro, L.M., Pio, C.A., Harrison, R.M. and Smith, D.J.T. (1999). Carbonaceous Aerosol in Urban and Rural European Atmospheres: Estimation of Secondary Organic Carbon Concentrations. Atmos. Environ. 33: 2771-2781.
11. Chow, J.C. (1995). Measurement Methods to Determine Compliance with Ambient Air Quality Standards for Suspended Particles. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 45: 320-382.
12. Chow, J.C., Watson, J.G., Edgerton, S.A. and Vega, E. (2002). Chemical Composition of PM10 and PM2.5 in Mexico City during Winter 1997. Sci. Total Environ. 287: 177-201.
13. 10 Mass and Aerosol Composition in Mexico City. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 52: 423-434.
14. Chu, S.H. (2005). Stable Estimate of Primary OC/EC Ratios in the EC Tracer Method. Atmos. Environ. 39: 1383-1392.
15. DDF, GEM, SEMARNAT, SSA (Departamento del Distrito Federal, Gobierno del Estado de México, Secretaría del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Secretaría de Salubridad y Asistencia). (1996). Programa para Mejorar la Calidad del Aire en el Valle de México 1995-2000. Mexico, D.F.
16. de Foy, B., Varela, J.R., Molina, L.T. and Molina, M.J. (2006). Rapid Ventilation of the Mexico City Basin and Regional Fate of the Urban Plume. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 6: 2321-2335.
17. DeCarlo, P.F., Dunlea, E.J., Kimmel, J.R., Aiken, A.C., Sueper, D., Crounse, J., Wennberg, P.O., Emmons, L., Shinozuka, Y., Clarke, A., Zhou, J., Tomlinson, J., Collins, D.R., Knapp, D., Weinheimer, A.J., Montzka, D.D., Campos, T. and Jimenez, J.L. (2008). Fast Airborne Aerosol Size and Chemistry Measurements above Mexico City and Central Mexico during the MILAGRO Campaign. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8: 4027-4048.
18. Doran, J.C., Bian, X., Edgerton, S.A., Fast, J.D., Hubbe, J.M., Shaw, W.J. and Whiteman, C.D. (1998).The IMADA-AVER Boundary-Layer Experiment in the Mexico City Area. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 79: 2497-2508.
19. Edgerton, S.A., Arriaga, J.L., Archuleta, J., Bian, X., Bossert, J.E., Chow, J.C., Coulter, R.L., Doran, J.C., Doskey, P.V., Elliot, S., Fast, J.D., Gaffney, J.S., Guzman, F., Hubbe, J.M., Lee, J.T., Malone, E.L., Marley, N.A., McNair, L.A., Neff, W., E.Ortiz, R. Petty, M., Ruiz, W.J. Shaw, Sosa, G., Vega, E., Watson, J.G., Whiteman, C.D. and Zhong, S. (1999). Particulate Air Pollution in Mexico City: A Collaborative Research Project. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 49: 1221-1229.
20. Eidels-Dubovoi, S. (2002). Aerosol Impacts on Visible Light Extinction in the Atmosphere of Mexico City. Sci. Total Environ. 287: 213-220.
21. Eidels-Dubovoi, S. (Ed.) International Center for Heat and Mass Transfer, UNAM, Instituto de Ingeniería,. 1993. International Symposium on Heat and Mass Transfer in Energy Systems and Environmental Effects. Solar Radiation Attenuation by Atmospheric Aerosol Particles at Different Sites in the Mexico City Valley. p. 140-142.
22. Eidels-Dubovoi, S. (Ed.) WIT PRESS Southampton, Boston 2000. Air Pollution VIII, Sec.12: Aerosols and Particles, Atmospheric Aerosol Contribution to Visible Light Absorption and Scattering in Mexico City and Simple Tools to Determine Refractive Indices and Size Distributions. p. 709-718.
23. Ellsworth-Davis, B. (2001). GIS: A Visual Approach, OnWord Press, 2nd. Edition, New York
24. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). (1995). Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors. Vol. I: Stationary Point and Area Sources. AP-42. USA.
25. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). (1995a). Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors. Vol. II: Mobile Sources. AP-42. USA.
26. ESRI (Environmental Systems Research Institute). (1999). Getting to Know ArcView GIS, Environmental Systems Research Institute Press, USA.
27. Fast, J.D. and Zhong, S. (1998). Meteorological Factors Associated with Inhomogeneous Ozone Concentrations within the Mexico City Basin. J. Geophys. Res. 103: 18927-18946.
28. Fast, J.D., deFoy, B., AcevedoRosas, F., Caetano, E., Carmichael, G., Emmons, L., McKenna,D., Mena, M., Skamarock, W., Tie, X., Coulter, R.L., Barnard, J.C., Wiedinmyer, C. and Madronich, S. (2007). A Meteorological Overview of the MILAGRO Field Campaigns. (2007). Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7: 2233-2257.
29. Forster, P., Ramaswamy, V., Artaxo, P., Berntsen, T., Betts, R., Fahey, D.W., Haywood, J., Lean, J., Lowe, D.C., Myhre, G., Nganga, J., Prinn, R., Raga, G., Schulz, M. and Van Dorland, R. In Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Marquis, M. Averyt, K., Tignor, M.M.B., Miller, Jr., H.L. and Chen, Z.L. (Eds.) Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007, Cambridge University
30. GDF (Gobierno del Distrito Federal) (2001). Inventario de emisiones de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México 1998. Gobierno del Distrito Federal, Gobierno del Estado de México, SEMARNAT.
31. Gray, H.A. and Cass, G.R. (1998). Source Contributions to Atmospheric Fine Carbon Particle Concentrations. Atmos. Environ. 32: 3805-3825.
32. Hagen, L.J., Wagner, L.E. and Tatarko, J. (1996). Wind Erosion Pediction System (WEPS). Technical Documentation, BETA Release 95-08. USDA-ARS, NPA. Wind Erosion Research Unit, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS.
33. Hennigan, C.J., Sullivan, A.P., Fountoukis, C.I., Nenes, A., Hecobian, A., Vargas, O., Peltier, R.E., Case Hanks, A.T., Huey, L.G., Lefer, B.L., Russell, A.G. and Weber, R.J. (2008). On the Volatility and Production Mechanisms of Newly Formed Nitrate and Water Soluble Organic Aerosol in Mexico City. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8: 3761-3768.
34. Hinds, W.C. (1998). Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior and Measurement of Airborne Particles. 2nd. Edition. Wiley, New York.
35. Horvath, H. (1993). Atmospheric Light Absorption - A Review. Atmos. Environ. 27A: 293-317.
36. Hulburt, E.O. (1941). Optics of Atmospheric Haze. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 31: 467-476.
37. Japar, S.M., Brachaczek, W.W., Gorse, Jr. R.A., Norbeck, J.M. and Pierson, W.R. (1986). The Contribution of Elemental Carbon to the Optical Properties of Rural Atmospheric Aerosols. Atmos. Environ. 20: 1281-1289.
38. Johnson, K.S., Zuberi, B., Molina, L.T., Molina, M.J., Iedema, M.J., Cowin, J.P., Gaspar, D.J., Wang, C. and Laskin, A. (2005). Processing of Soot in an Urban Environment: Case Study from the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 5: 3033-3043.
39. Kleinman, L.I., Springston, S.R., Daum, P.H., Lee, Y.N., Nunnermacker, L.J., Senum, G.I., Wang, J., Weinstein-Lloyd, J., Alexander, M.L., Hubbe, J., Ortega, J., Canagaratna, M.R. and Jayne, J. (2008). The Time Evolution of Aerosol Composition over the Mexico City Plateau. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8: 1559-1575.
40. Marley, N.A., Gaffney, J.S., Castro, T., Salcido, A. and Frederick, J. (2009). Measurements of Aerosol Absorption and Scattering in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area during the MILAGRO field Campaign: A Comparison of Results from the T0 and T1 Sites. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 9: 189-206.
41. MASNS (Mexican Air Space Navigation Service). (1999). http://www.sct.gob.mx.
42. Miranda, J., Andrade, E., López-Suárez, A., Ledesma, R., Cahill, T.A. and Wakabayashi, P.H. (1996). A Receptor Model for Atmospheric Aerosols from a Southwestern Site in Mexico City. Atmos. Environ. 30: 3471-3479.
43. Moffet, R.C., de Foy, B., Molina, L.T., Molina, M.J. and Prather, K.A. (2008). Measurement of Ambient Aerosols in Northern Mexico City by Single Particle Mass Spectrometry. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8: 4499-4516.
44. Moffet, R.C., Desyaterik, Y., Hopkins, R.J., Tivanski, A.V., Gilles, M.K., Wang, Y., Shutthanandan, V., Molina, L.T., Abraham, R.G., Johnson, K.S., Mugica, V., Molina, M.J., Laskin, A. and Prather, K.A. (2008b). Characterization of Aerosols Containing Zn, Pb, and Cl from an Industrial Region of Mexico City. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42: 7091-7097.
45. Osornio-Vargas, Á.R., Bonner, J.C., Alfaro-Moreno, E., Martínez, L., García-Cuellar, C., Ponce-de-León Rosales, S., Miranda, J. and Rosas, I. (2003). Proinflammatory and Cytotoxic Effects of Mexico City Air Pollution Particulate Matter in Vitro Are Dependent on Particle Size and Composition. Environ. Health. Perspect. 111: 1289-1293.
46. Pandis, S. (2003). Atmospheric Aerosol Processes: Particulate Matter Science for Policy Makers. A NARSTO Assessment Part 1, EPRI 1007735, February, 2003.
47. Paredes-Miranda, G., Arnott, W.P., Jimenez, J.L., Aiken, A.C., Gaffney, J.S. and Marley, N.A. (2009). Primary and Secondary Contributions to Aerosol Light Scattering and Absorption in Mexico City during the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 9: 3721-3730.
48. Pielke, R.A., Cotton, W.R., Walko, R.L., Tremback, C.J., Lyons, W.A., Grasso, L.D., Nicholls, M.E., Moran, M.D., Wesly, D.A., Lee, T.J. and Copeland, J.H. (1992). A Comprehensive Meteorological Modeling System - RAMS. Met. Atmos. Phys. 49: 69-91.
49. Querol, X., Pey, J., Minguillón, M.C., Pérez, N., Alastuey, A., Viana, M., Moreno, T., Bernabé, R.M., Blanco, S., Cárdenas, B., Vega, E., Sosa, G., Escalona, S., Ruiz, H. and Artíñano, B. (2008). PM Speciation and Sources in Mexico during the MILAGRO-2006 Campaign Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8: 111-128.
50. Rosen, H., Hansen, A.D.A., Gundel, L. and Novakov, T. (1978). Identification of the Optically Absorbing Component in Urban Aerosols. Appl. Opt. 17: 3859-3861.
51. Schauer, J.J. (2003). Evaluation of Elemental Carbon as a Marker for Diesel Particulate Matter. J. Exposure Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 13: 443-453.
52. Scire, J.S., Robe, F.R., Fernau, M.E., Insley, E.M. and Yamartino, R.J. (1997). A User's Guide for the CALMET Meteorological Model (Version 5.0). Earth Tech. Inc., Concord, MA.
53. Scire, J.S., Strimaitis, D.G. and Yamartino, R.J. (2000). A User's Guide for the CALPUFF Dispersion Model (Version 5.0). Earth Tech. Inc., Concord, MA.
54. Seibert, P., Beyrich, F., Gryning, S.E., Joffre, S., Rasmussen, A. and Tercier, P. (2000). Review and Intercomparison of Operational Methods for the Determination of the Mixing Height. Atmos. Environ. 34: 1001-1027.
55. Seinfeld, J.H. and Pandis, S.N. (1998). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. Wiley, New York. SMA (Secretaría del Medio Ambiente del Gobierno del Distrito Federal). (2007). La calidad del aire en la zona Metropolitana del Valle de México 1986-2006. Informe del estado y tendencias de la contaminación atmosférica. Mexico, DF.
56. Stone, E.A., Zinder, D.C., Sheesley, R.J., Sullivan, A.P., Weber, R.J. and Schauer, J.J. (2008). Source Apportionment of Fine Organic Aerosol in Mexico City during the MILAGRO Experiment 2006. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8: 1249-1259.
57. Tennekes, H. (1974). The Atmospheric Boundary Layer. Phys. Today. 27: 52-63.
58. Tremback, C.J. and Walko, R.L. (2000). The Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS): Development for Parallel Processing Computer Architectures. ASTER Division, Mission Research Croporation, Fort Collins, CO.
59. Turpin, B.J. and Huntzicker, J.J. (1995). Identification of Secondary Organic Aerosol Episodes and Quantitation of Primary and Secondary Organic Aerosol Concentrations during SCAQS. Atmos. Environ. 29: 3527-3544.
60. Turpin, B.J., Huntzicker, J.J., Laron, S.M. and Cass, G.R. (1991). Los Angeles Summer Midday Particulate Carbon: Primary and Secondary Aerosol. Environ. Sci. Technol. 25: 1788-1793.
61. Vega, E., García, I., Ruiz, M.E., Barbiaux, M. and Apam, D. (1997). Application of a Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) Receptor Model to Respirable Particulate Matter in Mexico City. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 47: 524-529.
62. Vega, E., Lowenthal, D., Ruiz, H., Reyes, E., Watson, J.G., Chow, J.C., Viana, M., Querol, X., Alastuey, A. (2009). Fine Particle Receptor Modeling in the Atmosphere of Mexico City. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 59: 1417-1428.
63. Vega, E., Mugica, V., Carmona, R. and Valencia, E. (2000). Hydrocarbon Source Apportionment in Mexico City Using the Chemical Mass Balance Receptor Model. Atmos. Environ. 34: 4121-4129.
64. Vega, E., Reyes, E., Mora, V., Sánchez, G., Chow, J.C., Watson, J.G. and Ruiz, M.E. (2003). Análisis de partículas en el invierno de 1997 en la atmósfera de la ciudad de México. Revista del IMIQ. 44: 213-225.
65. 10in the atmosphere of Mexico City. Sci. Total Environ. 287: 167-176.
66. Villaseñor, R., Lopez-Villegas, T., Eidels-Dubovoi, S., Quintanar, A. and Gallardo, J.C. (2003). A Mesoscale Modeling Study of Wind Blown Dust on the Mexico City Basin. Atmos. Environ. 37: 2451-2462.
67. Volkamer, R., Jiménez, J.L., San Martini, F., Dzepina, K., Zhang, Q., Salcedo, D., Molina, L.T., Worsnop, D.R. and Molina, M.J. (2006). Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Anthropogenic Air Pollution: Rapid and Higher than Expected. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33: L17811, doi: 10.1029/2006GL026899.
68. Watson, J.G., Chow, J.C., Lu, Z., Fujita, E.M., Lowenthal, D.H. and Lawson, D.R. (1994). Chemical Mass Balance Source Apportionment of PM10 during the Southern California Air Quality Study. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 21: 1-36.
69. Whiteman, C.D., Zhong, S., Bian, X., Fast, J.D. and Doran, J.C. (2000). Boundary Layer Evolution and RegionalScale Diurnal Circulations over the and Mexican Plateau. J. Geophy. Res. 105: 10081-10102.
70. Yasa, Z., Amer, N.M., Rosen, H., Hansen, A.D.A., Novakov, T. (1979). Photoacoustic Investigation of Urban Aerosol Particles. Applied Optics. 18: 2528-2530.
71. Yokelson, R.J., Urbanski, S.P., Atlas, E.L., Toohey, D.W., Alvarado, E.C., Crounse, J.D., Wennberg, P.O., Fisher, M.E., Wold, C.E., Campos,T.L., Adachi, K., Buseck, P.R. and Hao, W.M. (2007). Emissions from Forest Fires near Mexico City. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7: 5569-5584.
72. Yu, X.Y., Cary, R.A. and Laulainen, N.S. (2009). Primary and Secondary Organic Carbon Downwind of Mexico City. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 9: 6793-6814.