Comparison of normal and amblyopic retinas by optical coherence tomography in children

European Journal of Ophthalmology

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 410-418

  Aguirre, Fernando ^a   Mengual, Encarnación ^a   Hueso, José Ramón ^a   Moya, Manuel ^a  

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO DE SAN JUAN   (Spain)

Author keywords

Amblyopia; Child development disorders; Optical coherence tomography; Refractive errors; Retina

Indexed keywords

AGE DISTRIBUTION; AMBLYOPIA; ARTICLE; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DISEASE SEVERITY; EYE EXAMINATION; EYE REFRACTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERMETROPIA; MALE; OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETINA MACULA LUTEA; RETINA THICKNESS; SEX DIFFERENCE; VISUAL SYSTEM PARAMETERS;

EID: 77952804785     PISSN: 11206721     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/112067211002000223     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Stewart CE, Fielder AR, Stephens DA, Moseley MJ. Treatment of unilateral amblyopia: factors influencing visual outcome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46: 3152-3160
2. Ohlsson J. Defining amblyopia: the need for a joint classification. Strabismus 2004; 13: 15-20.
3. Doshi NR, Rodriguez ML. Amblyopia. Am Fam Physician 2007; 75: 361-367
4. Smith EL, Hung LF, Harwerth RS. Developmental visual system anomalies and the limits of emmetropization. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 1999; 19: 90-102.
5. Barrett BT, Bradley A, McGraw PV. Understanding the neural basis of amblyopia. Neuroscientist 2004; 10: 106-117
6. Quick MW, Tigges M, Gammon JA, Boothe RG. Early abnormal visual experience induces strabismus in infant monkeys. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1989; 30: 1012-1017
7. Almeder LM, Peck LB, Howland HC. Prevalence of anisometropia in volunteer laboratory and school screening populations. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1990; 31: 2448-2455
8. Imamura K, Richter H, Fischer H, et al. Reduced activity in the extrastriate visual cortex of individuals with strabismic amblyopia. Neurosci Lett 1997; 225: 173-176 (Pubitemid 27191623)
9. Hess RF. Amblyopia: site unseen. Clin Exp Optom 2001; 84: 321-336
10. Pugh M. Amblyopia and the retina. Br J Ophthalmol 1962; 46: 193-211.
11. Mimura O, Inui T, Kani K, Ohmi E. Retinal sensitivity and spatial summation in amblyopia. Jpn J Ophthalmol 1984; 28: 389-400. (Pubitemid 15176791)
12. Bradley A, Freeman RD. Contrast sensitivity in anisometropic amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1981; 21: 467-476
13. Hess RF, Malin SA. Threshold vision in amblyopia: orientation and phase. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003; 44: 4762-4771
14. Chung ST, Levi DM, Legge GE, Tjan BS. Spatial-frequency properties of letter identification in amblyopia. Vision Res 2002; 42: 1571-1581
15. Williams C, Papakostopoulos D. Electro-oculographic abnormalities in amblyopia. Br J Ophthalmol 1995; 79: 218-224
16. Ruedemann AD. The ERG in amblyopia. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1966; 64: 163-184
17. Davis AR, Sloper JJ, Neveu MM, Hogg CR, Morgan MJ, Holder GE. Electrophysiological and psychophysical differences between early- and late-onset strabismic amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003; 44: 610-617
18. Lawwill T. Electrophysiologic aspects of amblyopia. Ophthalmology 1978; 85: 451-464
19. Archer SM, Dubin MW, Stark LA. Abnormal development of kitten retino-geniculate connectivity in the absence of action potentials. Science 1982; 217: 743-745
20. Von Noorden GK. Behavioral and anatomical aspects of experimental amblyopia in monkeys. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1973; 71: 111-123
21. Davis AR, Sloper JJ, Neveu MM, Hogg CR, Morgan MJ, Holder GE. Differential changes of magnocellular and parvocellular visual function in early- and late-onset strabismic amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006; 47: 4836-4841
22. von Noorden GK, Crawford ML. The lateral geniculate nucleus in human strabismic amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1992; 33: 2729-2732
23. Maguire GW, Smith EL III, Harwerth RS, Crawford ML. Optically induced anisometropia in kittens. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1982; 23: 253-264
24. Von Noorden GK, Middleditch PR. Histology of the monkey lateral geniculate nucleus after unilateral lid closure and experimental strabismus: further observations. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1975; 14: 674-683
25. Von Noorden GK, Crawford ML, Levacy RA. The lateral geniculate nucleus in human anisometropic amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1983; 24: 788-790 (Pubitemid 13069454)
26. Barnes GR, Hess RF, Dumoulin SO, Achtman RL, Pike GB. The cortical deficit in humans with strabismic amblyopia. J Physiol 2001; 533: 281-297
27. Barrett BT, Pacey IE, Bradley A, Thibos LN, Morrill P. Non-veridical visual perception in human amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003; 44: 1555-1567 (Pubitemid 36378581)
28. Crawford ML, Harwerth RS. Ocular dominance column width and contrast sensitivity in monkeys reared with strabismus or anisometropia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004; 45: 3036-3042
29. Algaze A, Roberts C, Leguire L, Schmalbrock P, Rogers G. Functional magnetic resonance imaging as a tool for investigating amblyopia in the human visual cortex: a pilot study. J AAPOS 2002; 6: 300-308 (Pubitemid 41080246)
30. Goodyear BG, Nicolle DA, Menon RS. High resolution fMRI of ocular dominance columns within the visual cortex of human amblyopes. Strabismus 2002; 10: 129-136
31. Goodyear BG, Nicolle DA, Humphrey GK, Menon RS. Bold fMRI response of early visual areas to perceived contrast in human amblyopia. J Neurophysiol 2000; 84: 1907-1913
32. Choi MY, Lee KM, Hwang JM, et al. Comparison between anisometropic and strabismic amblyopia using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Br J Ophthalmol 2001; 85: 1052-1056 (Pubitemid 32835390)
33. Tagamets MA, Horwitz B. Interpreting PET and fMRI measures of functional neural activity: the effects of synaptic inhibition on cortical activation in human imaging studies. Brain Res Bull 2001; 54: 267-273 (Pubitemid 32273619)
34. Wai MS, Lorke DE, Kung LS, Yew DT. Morphogenesis of the different types of photoreceptors of the chicken (Gallus domesticus) retina and the effect of amblyopia in neonatal chicken. Microsc Res Tech 2006; 69: 99-107.
35. Chow KL, Riesen AH, Newell FW. Degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in infant chimpanzees reared in darkness. J Comp Neurol 1957; 107: 27-42.
36. Weiskrantz L. Sensory deprivation and the cat's optic nervous system. Nature 1958; 181: 1047-1050
37. Rasch E, Swift H, Riesen AH, Chow KL. Altered structure and composition of retinal cells in darkreared mammals. Exp Cell Res 1961; 25: 348-363
38. Sosula L, Glow PH. Increase in number of synapses in the inner plexiform layer of light deprived rat retinae: quantitative electron microscopy. J Comp Neurol 1971; 141: 427-451
39. Fifková E. Effect of visual deprivation and light on synapses of the inner plexiform layer. Exp Neurol 1972; 35: 458-469
40. Hsu SY, Tung IC, Sheu MM, Tsai RK. Reproducibility of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and macular retinal thickness measurements using optical coherence tomography. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2006; 22: 447-451 (Pubitemid 44519453)
41. Browning DJ, Fraser CM. Intraobserver variability in optical coherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol 2004; 138: 477-479 (Pubitemid 39208580)
42. Polito A, Del Borrello M, Isola M, Zemella N, Bandello F. Repeatability and reproducibility of fast macular thickness mapping with Stratus optical coherence tomography. Arch Ophthalmol 2005; 123: 1330-1337 (Pubitemid 41429732)
43. Paunescu L, Schuman J, Price L, et al. Reproducibility of nerve fiber thickness, macular thickness, and optic nerve head measurements using Stratus OCT. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004; 45: 1716-1724
44. Huynh SC, Wang XY, Rochtchina E, Mitchell P. Distribution of macular thickness by optical coherence tomography: findings from a population-based study of 6-year-old children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006; 47: 2351-2357 (Pubitemid 351639815)
45. Wang XY, Huynh SC, Burlutsky G, Ip J, Stapleton F, Mitchell P. Reproducibility of and effect of magnification on optical coherence tomography measurements in children. Am J Ophthalmol 2007; 143: 484-488
46. Mrugacz M, Bakunowicz-Lazarczyk A, Sredzinska-Kita D. Use of optical coherence tomography in myopia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2004; 41: 159-162
47. Lim MC, Hoh ST, Foster PJ, et al. Use of optical coherence tomography to assess variations in macular retinal thickness in myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46: 974-978
48. Huynh SC, Wang XY, Rochtchina E, Crowston JG, Mitchell P. Distribution of optic disc parameters measured by OCT: findings from a population-based study of 6-year-old Australian children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006; 47: 3276-3285
49. Kee SY, Lee SY, Lee YC. Thicknesses of the fovea and retinal nerve fiber layer in amblyopic and normal eyes in children. Korean J Ophthalmol 2006; 20: 177-181
50. Yoon SW, Park WH, Baek SH, Kong SM. Thicknesses of macular retinal layer and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber in patients with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia. Korean J Ophthalmol 2005; 19: 62-67
51. Altintas O, Yüksel N, Ozkan B, Caglar Y. Thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer, macular thickness, and macular volume in patients with strabismic amblyopia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2005; 42: 216-221
52. Yen MY, Cheng CY, Wang AG. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in unilateral amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004; 45: 2224-2230
53. Reche-Sainz JA, Domingo-Gordo B, Toledano-Fernandez N. Study of the retinal nerve fiber layer in childhood strabismus. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2006; 81: 21-25
54. Bozkurt B, Irkeç M, Orhan M, Karaagaoglu E. Thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer in patients with anisometropic and strabismic amblyopia. Strabismus 2003; 11: 1-7.
55. Baddini-Caramelli C, Hatanaka M, Polati M, Umino AT, Susanna R Jr. Thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer in amblyopic and normal eyes: a scanning laser polarimetry study. J AAPOS 2001; 5: 82-84
56. Atilla H, Batio lu F, Erkam N. Retinal nerve fiber analysis in subjects with hyperopia and anisometropic amblyopia. Binocul Vis Strabismus Q 2005; 20: 33-37
57. Repka MX, Goldenberg-Cohen N, Edwards AR. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in amblyopic eyes. Am J Ophthalmol 2006; 142: 247-251
58. Provis JM, van Driel D. Retinal development in humans: the roles of differential growth rates, cell migration and naturally occurring cell death. Aust NZ J Ophthalmol 1985; 13: 125-133
59. Provis JM, van Driel D, Billson FA, Russell P. Development of the human retina: patterns of cell distribution and redistribution in the ganglion cell layer. J Comp Neurol 1985; 233: 429-451
60. Provis JM, van Driel D, Billson FA, Russell P. Human fetal optic nerve: overproduction and elimination of retinal axons during development. J Comp Neurol 1985; 238: 92-100.
61. Potts RA, Dreher B, Bennett MR. The loss of ganglion cells in the developing retina of the rat. Brain Res 1982; 255: 481-486
62. Sengelaub DR, Dolan RP, Finlay BL. Cell generation, death, and retinal growth in the development of the hamster retinal ganglion cell layer. J Comp Neurol 1986; 246: 527-543
63. Wendell-Smith CP. Effect of light deprivation on the postnatal development of the optic nerve. Nature 1964; 204: 707.
64. Ikeda H, Tremain KE. Amblyopia occurs in retinal ganglion cells in cats reared with convergent squint without alternating fixation. Exp Brain Res 1979; 35: 559-582
65. Mangel SC, Wilson JR, Sherman SM. Development of neuronal response properties in the cat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus during monocular deprivation. J Neurophysiol 1983; 50: 240-264
66. Horton JC, Stryker MP. Amblyopia induced by anisometropia without shrinkage of ocular dominance columns in human striate cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90: 5494-5498
67. Birch EE, Swanson WH. Hyperacuity deficits in anisometropic and strabismic amblyopes with known ages of onset. Vision Res 2000; 40: 1035-1040
68. Levi DM, Klein S. Differences in vernier discrimination for grating between strabismic and anisometropic amblyopes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1982; 23: 398-407.
69. Feller MB. Visual system plasticity begins in the retina. Neuron 2003; 39: 3-4.
70. Sloper JJ, Headon MP, Powell TP. Experiments to study recovery of lateral geniculate nucleus cell size following monocular lid closure and reverse suture in infant monkeys. Brain Res 1988; 468: 47-59.