메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 44, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 16-32

Veterinary issues related to bears (Ursidae)

Author keywords

Anaesthesia; Baylisascaris; Canine distemper; Degenerative joint disease; Dental disease; Infectious canine hepatitis; Neoplasia; Neorickettsia; Pseudorabies; Ursidae

Indexed keywords

ACARI; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); BAYLISASCARIS; NEORICKETTSIA; URSIDAE;

EID: 77952723695     PISSN: 00749664     EISSN: 17481090     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1090.2009.00097.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (33)

References (91)
  • 2
    • 0018463404 scopus 로고
    • Use of ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride to immobilize black bears (Ursus americanus)
    • Addison E M, Kolenosky G B. Use of ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride to immobilize black bears (Ursus americanus). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 1979, 15:253-258.
    • (1979) Journal of Wildlife Diseases , vol.15 , pp. 253-258
    • Addison, E.M.1    Kolenosky, G.B.2
  • 3
    • 77952717542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversible immobilization and anesthesia of free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos) with medetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam and atipamezole: a review of 575 captures
    • Kirk Baer C, Wilmette M W. (Eds), Yulee, FL, American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
    • Arnemo J M, Brunberg S, Ahlqvist P, Franzen R, Friebe A, Segerstrom P, Soderberg A, Swenson J E. Reversible immobilization and anesthesia of free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos) with medetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam and atipamezole: a review of 575 captures. Proceedings of AAZV, AAWV, NAZWV Joint Conference, Orlando, FL 2001, 234-236. Kirk Baer C, Wilmette M W, In, (Eds), Yulee, FL, American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
    • (2001) Proceedings of AAZV, AAWV, NAZWV Joint Conference, Orlando, FL , pp. 234-236
    • Arnemo, J.M.1    Brunberg, S.2    Ahlqvist, P.3    Franzen, R.4    Friebe, A.5    Segerstrom, P.6    Soderberg, A.7    Swenson, J.E.8
  • 4
    • 34248217431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immobilization of Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) with tiletamine hydrochloride and zolazepam hydrochloride
    • Asano M, Tsubota T, Komatsu T, Katayama A, Okano T, Nakamura S. Immobilization of Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) with tiletamine hydrochloride and zolazepam hydrochloride. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 2007, 69:433-435.
    • (2007) Journal of Veterinary Medical Science , vol.69 , pp. 433-435
    • Asano, M.1    Tsubota, T.2    Komatsu, T.3    Katayama, A.4    Okano, T.5    Nakamura, S.6
  • 6
    • 0019034839 scopus 로고
    • Clostridial myonecrosis in a black bear associated with drug administration
    • Barnes D M, Rogers L L. Clostridial myonecrosis in a black bear associated with drug administration. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 1980, 16:315-317.
    • (1980) Journal of Wildlife Diseases , vol.16 , pp. 315-317
    • Barnes, D.M.1    Rogers, L.L.2
  • 7
    • 77952683088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immobilization of captive sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus), black bear (Ursus americanus), and polar bear (Ursus maritimus) with a medetomidine, ketamine, and midazolam combination
    • Kirk Baer C. (Ed.), Yulee, FL, American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
    • Black S, Whiteside D P. Immobilization of captive sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus), black bear (Ursus americanus), and polar bear (Ursus maritimus) with a medetomidine, ketamine, and midazolam combination. Proceedings of AAZV, AAWV, AZA/NAG Joint Conference, 14-21 October, Omaha, NE, USA 2005, 104-105. Kirk Baer C, In, (Ed.), Yulee, FL, American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
    • (2005) Proceedings of AAZV, AAWV, AZA/NAG Joint Conference, 14-21 October, Omaha, NE, USA , pp. 104-105
    • Black, S.1    Whiteside, D.P.2
  • 9
    • 34250722712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serological response to a canarypox-vectored canine distemper virus vaccine in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
    • Bronson E, Deem S L, Sanchez C, Murray S. Serological response to a canarypox-vectored canine distemper virus vaccine in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 2007, 38:363-366.
    • (2007) Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine , vol.38 , pp. 363-366
    • Bronson, E.1    Deem, S.L.2    Sanchez, C.3    Murray, S.4
  • 10
    • 0019072810 scopus 로고
    • Use of dissociative anesthetics for the immobilization of captive bears: blood gas, hematology, and biochemistry values
    • Bush M, Custer R S, Smith E E. Use of dissociative anesthetics for the immobilization of captive bears: blood gas, hematology, and biochemistry values. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 1980, 16:481-489.
    • (1980) Journal of Wildlife Diseases , vol.16 , pp. 481-489
    • Bush, M.1    Custer, R.S.2    Smith, E.E.3
  • 11
    • 0031173890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversible immobilization of free-ranging polar bears with medetomidine-zolazepam-tiletamine and atipamezole
    • Cattet M R L, Caulkett N A, Polischuk S C, Ramsay M A. Reversible immobilization of free-ranging polar bears with medetomidine-zolazepam-tiletamine and atipamezole. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 1997, 33:611-617.
    • (1997) Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine , vol.33 , pp. 611-617
    • Cattet, M.R.L.1    Caulkett, N.A.2    Polischuk, S.C.3    Ramsay, M.A.4
  • 12
    • 0033183626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anesthesia of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) with zolazepam-tiletamine, medetomidine-ketamine, and medetomidine-zolazepam-tiletamine
    • Cattet M R L, Caulkett N A, Polischuk S C, Ramsay M A. Anesthesia of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) with zolazepam-tiletamine, medetomidine-ketamine, and medetomidine-zolazepam-tiletamine. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 1999, 30:354-360.
    • (1999) Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine , vol.30 , pp. 354-360
    • Cattet, M.R.L.1    Caulkett, N.A.2    Polischuk, S.C.3    Ramsay, M.A.4
  • 14
    • 2942608453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anesthesia of polar bears using xylazine-zolazepam-tiletamine or zolazepam-tiletamine
    • Cattet M R L, Caulkett N A, Lunn N J. Anesthesia of polar bears using xylazine-zolazepam-tiletamine or zolazepam-tiletamine. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 2003, 39:655-664.
    • (2003) Journal of Wildlife Diseases , vol.39 , pp. 655-664
    • Cattet, M.R.L.1    Caulkett, N.A.2    Lunn, N.J.3
  • 17
    • 77950429025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical immobilization of free-ranging terrestrial mammals
    • Tranquilli W J, Thurmon J C, Grimm K A. (4th edn): 807-831, (Eds), Ames, IA, Blackwell Publishing Professional
    • Caulkett N A, Arnemo J M. Chemical immobilization of free-ranging terrestrial mammals. Lumb and Jones' veterinary anesthesia and analgesia 2007, Tranquilli W J, Thurmon J CGrimm K A. In, (4th edn): 807-831, (Eds), Ames, IA, Blackwell Publishing Professional
    • (2007) Lumb and Jones' veterinary anesthesia and analgesia
    • Caulkett, N.A.1    Arnemo, J.M.2
  • 18
    • 0031174186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological effects of medetomidine-zolazepam-tiletamine immobilization in black bears
    • Caulkett N A, Cattet M R L. Physiological effects of medetomidine-zolazepam-tiletamine immobilization in black bears. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 1997, 33:618-622.
    • (1997) Journal of Wildlife Diseases , vol.33 , pp. 618-622
    • Caulkett, N.A.1    Cattet, M.R.L.2
  • 19
    • 52949125133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ithaca, NY, International Veterinary Information Service, Available at
    • Caulkett N A, Cattet M R L. Anesthesia of bears 2002, http://www.enr.gov.nt.ca/_live/documents/documentManagerUpload/anesthesia_of_bears.pdf, Ithaca, NY, International Veterinary Information Service, Available at
    • (2002) Anesthesia of bears
    • Caulkett, N.A.1    Cattet, M.R.L.2
  • 20
    • 0033289152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative physiological effects of telazol, medetomidine-ketamine, and medetomidine-telazol in captive polar bears (Ursus maritimus)
    • Caulkett N A, Cattet M R L, Caulkett J M, Polischuk S C. Comparative physiological effects of telazol, medetomidine-ketamine, and medetomidine-telazol in captive polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 1999, 30:504-509.
    • (1999) Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine , vol.30 , pp. 504-509
    • Caulkett, N.A.1    Cattet, M.R.L.2    Caulkett, J.M.3    Polischuk, S.C.4
  • 21
    • 77952720658 scopus 로고
    • Anesthesia in an epileptic black bear (Ursus americanus): a case report and discussion of a dilemma
    • Clutton R E. Anesthesia in an epileptic black bear (Ursus americanus): a case report and discussion of a dilemma. Journal of Zoo Animal Medicine 1987, 18:66-69.
    • (1987) Journal of Zoo Animal Medicine , vol.18 , pp. 66-69
    • Clutton, R.E.1
  • 24
    • 77952731021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London, UK, Zoological Society of London Internal Publication
    • Cracknell J M. ZSL anaesthetic handbook 2007, London, UK, Zoological Society of London Internal Publication
    • (2007) ZSL anaesthetic handbook
    • Cracknell, J.M.1
  • 28
    • 24344449187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xylazine and ketamine anaesthesia in two black bears
    • Dutta B, Kalita D, Lahon D K. Xylazine and ketamine anaesthesia in two black bears. Indian Veterinary Journal 1999, 76:553-555.
    • (1999) Indian Veterinary Journal , vol.76 , pp. 553-555
    • Dutta, B.1    Kalita, D.2    Lahon, D.K.3
  • 30
    • 43449102995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Editors of The American Heritage® Dictionaries, Boston, MA, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
    • The American Heritage® medical dictionary 2007, Editors of The American Heritage® Dictionaries, Boston, MA, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
    • (2007) The American Heritage® medical dictionary
  • 31
    • 0015888869 scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of salmon poisoning disease and Elokomin fluke fever: studies with the black bear (Ursus americanus)
    • Farrell R K, Leader R W, Johnston S D. Differentiation of salmon poisoning disease and Elokomin fluke fever: studies with the black bear (Ursus americanus). American Journal of Veterinary Research 1973, 34:919-922.
    • (1973) American Journal of Veterinary Research , vol.34 , pp. 919-922
    • Farrell, R.K.1    Leader, R.W.2    Johnston, S.D.3
  • 32
    • 77952710861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Veterinary Medicine Inaugural Dissertation, University of Berne, Switzerland. Available at, (accessed April 2009).
    • Föllmi J. 2005, http://www.ths.vetsuisse.unibe.ch/lenya/housing/live/publications/Diss_Foellmi.pdf, Veterinary Medicine Inaugural Dissertation, University of Berne, Switzerland. Available at, (accessed April 2009).
    • (2005)
    • Föllmi, J.1
  • 33
    • 0031603168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographical distribution of Demodex ursi in black bears from Florida
    • Foster G W, Cames T A, Forrester D J. Geographical distribution of Demodex ursi in black bears from Florida. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 1998, 34:161-164.
    • (1998) Journal of Wildlife Diseases , vol.34 , pp. 161-164
    • Foster, G.W.1    Cames, T.A.2    Forrester, D.J.3
  • 34
    • 0442314803 scopus 로고
    • Carnivores (Carnivora): Ursidae
    • Fowler M E. 2nd edn, (Ed.), Philadelphia, PA, W. B. Saunders Co
    • Fowler M E. Carnivores (Carnivora): Ursidae. Zoo wild animal medicine 1986, 811-816. Fowler M E. In, 2nd edn, (Ed.), Philadelphia, PA, W. B. Saunders Co
    • (1986) Zoo wild animal medicine , pp. 811-816
    • Fowler, M.E.1
  • 36
    • 77952709234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salmon poisoning disease in two Malayan sun bears (Helarctos malayanus)
    • Kirk Baer C. (Ed.), Yulee, FL, American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
    • Gai J, Marks S L. Salmon poisoning disease in two Malayan sun bears (Helarctos malayanus). Proceedings of AAZV, AAWV, AZA/NAG Joint Conference, 14-21 October, Omaha, NE, USA 2005, 175-176. Kirk Baer C, In, (Ed.), Yulee, FL, American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
    • (2005) Proceedings of AAZV, AAWV, AZA/NAG Joint Conference, 14-21 October, Omaha, NE, USA , pp. 175-176
    • Gai, J.1    Marks, S.L.2
  • 37
    • 77952702320 scopus 로고
    • Veterinary considerations
    • Partridge J. (Ed.), Bristol, The Association of British Wild Animal Keepers
    • Greenwood A G. Veterinary considerations. Management guidelines for bears and raccoons 1992, 153-169. Partridge J. (Ed.), Bristol, The Association of British Wild Animal Keepers
    • (1992) Management guidelines for bears and raccoons , pp. 153-169
    • Greenwood, A.G.1
  • 38
    • 0014592150 scopus 로고
    • Griseofulvin treatment of Microsporum canis infection in Malayan sun bears (Helarctos malayanus)
    • Groves M G. Griseofulvin treatment of Microsporum canis infection in Malayan sun bears (Helarctos malayanus). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 1969, 155:1090-1092.
    • (1969) Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association , vol.155 , pp. 1090-1092
    • Groves, M.G.1
  • 40
    • 0021905146 scopus 로고
    • Immobilization of polar bears (Ursus maritimus Phipps) with a mixture of tiletamine hydrochloride and zolazepam hydrochloride
    • Haigh J C, Stirling I, Broughton E. Immobilization of polar bears (Ursus maritimus Phipps) with a mixture of tiletamine hydrochloride and zolazepam hydrochloride. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 1985, 21:43-47.
    • (1985) Journal of Wildlife Diseases , vol.21 , pp. 43-47
    • Haigh, J.C.1    Stirling, I.2    Broughton, E.3
  • 42
    • 0019038224 scopus 로고
    • Immobilization of coastal grizzly bears with etorphine hydrochloride
    • Herbert D M, Lay D W, Turnbull W G. Immobilization of coastal grizzly bears with etorphine hydrochloride. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 1980, 16:339-342.
    • (1980) Journal of Wildlife Diseases , vol.16 , pp. 339-342
    • Herbert, D.M.1    Lay, D.W.2    Turnbull, W.G.3
  • 43
    • 72949083612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonography to assess and enhance health and reproduction in the giant panda
    • Wildt D E, Zhang A, Zhang H, Janssen D L, Ellis S. (Eds), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
    • Hildebrandt T B, Brown J L, Goritz F, Ochs A, Morris P, Sutherland-Smith M. Ultrasonography to assess and enhance health and reproduction in the giant panda. Giant pandas: biology, veterinary medicine, and management 2006, 410-439. Wildt D E, Zhang A, Zhang H, Janssen D L, Ellis S, In, (Eds), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
    • (2006) Giant pandas: biology, veterinary medicine, and management , pp. 410-439
    • Hildebrandt, T.B.1    Brown, J.L.2    Goritz, F.3    Ochs, A.4    Morris, P.5    Sutherland-Smith, M.6
  • 47
    • 33744803378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The problems of old bears in zoos
    • Kitchener A C. The problems of old bears in zoos. International Zoo News 2004, 51:282-293.
    • (2004) International Zoo News , vol.51 , pp. 282-293
    • Kitchener, A.C.1
  • 49
    • 0035252146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of semen collected from beagles and captive Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus)
    • Kojima E, Tsuruga H, Komatsu T, Murase T, Tsubota T, Kita I. Characterization of semen collected from beagles and captive Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus). Theriogenology 2001, 55:717-731.
    • (2001) Theriogenology , vol.55 , pp. 717-731
    • Kojima, E.1    Tsuruga, H.2    Komatsu, T.3    Murase, T.4    Tsubota, T.5    Kita, I.6
  • 52
  • 53
    • 77952699871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond NSAIDs for canine osteoarthritis patients: multimodal drug therapy
    • Moores A. (Ed.), Grantham, British Veterinary Orthopaedic Association
    • Lascelles B D X. Beyond NSAIDs for canine osteoarthritis patients: multimodal drug therapy. BVOA: spring scientific meeting: 11th April 2007 2007, 16-26. Moores A. In, (Ed.), Grantham, British Veterinary Orthopaedic Association
    • (2007) BVOA: spring scientific meeting: 11th April 2007 , pp. 16-26
    • Lascelles, B.D.X.1
  • 54
  • 55
    • 0019593960 scopus 로고
    • Immobilization of polar bears (Ursus maritimus Phipps) with ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride
    • Lee J, Schweinsburg R, Kernan F, Haigh J C. Immobilization of polar bears (Ursus maritimus Phipps) with ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 1981, 17:331-336.
    • (1981) Journal of Wildlife Diseases , vol.17 , pp. 331-336
    • Lee, J.1    Schweinsburg, R.2    Kernan, F.3    Haigh, J.C.4
  • 56
    • 77952112585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Giant panda management and medicine in China
    • Fowler M E, Miller R E. (Eds), Philadelphia, PA, W. B. Saunders Company
    • Mainka S A. Giant panda management and medicine in China. Zoo wild animal medicine: current therapy 4 1999, 410-414. Fowler M EMiller R E. In, (Eds), Philadelphia, PA, W. B. Saunders Company
    • (1999) Zoo wild animal medicine: current therapy 4 , pp. 410-414
    • Mainka, S.A.1
  • 57
    • 0034663848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of orally administered carfentanil prior to isoflurane-induced anesthesia in a Kodiak brown bear
    • Mama K R, Steffey E P, Withrow S J. Use of orally administered carfentanil prior to isoflurane-induced anesthesia in a Kodiak brown bear. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association 2000, 217:546-549.
    • (2000) Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association , vol.217 , pp. 546-549
    • Mama, K.R.1    Steffey, E.P.2    Withrow, S.J.3
  • 59
    • 77952705515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bear training: a tool that improves care
    • Martínez G. Bear training: a tool that improves care. The Shape of Enrichment 2006, 15((2)):9-10.
    • (2006) The Shape of Enrichment , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 9-10
    • Martínez, G.1
  • 63
    • 0038262734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carfentanil citrate used as an oral anesthetic agent for brown bears (Ursus arctos)
    • Mortenson J, Bechert U. Carfentanil citrate used as an oral anesthetic agent for brown bears (Ursus arctos). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 2001, 32:217-221.
    • (2001) Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine , vol.32 , pp. 217-221
    • Mortenson, J.1    Bechert, U.2
  • 64
    • 33645094636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in a spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus)
    • Murray S, Sanchez C D, Siemering G H, Enqvist K, Deem S L. Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in a spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus). The Veterinary Record 2006, 158:306-307.
    • (2006) The Veterinary Record , vol.158 , pp. 306-307
    • Murray, S.1    Sanchez, C.D.2    Siemering, G.H.3    Enqvist, K.4    Deem, S.L.5
  • 67
    • 27744531089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species-specific recommendations
    • Nielsen L. (Ed.), Ames, IA, Iowa State University Press
    • Nielsen L. Species-specific recommendations. Chemical immobilization of wild and exotic animals 1999, 227-281. Nielsen L. In, (Ed.), Ames, IA, Iowa State University Press
    • (1999) Chemical immobilization of wild and exotic animals , pp. 227-281
    • Nielsen, L.1
  • 68
    • 33846955735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why are some species more commonly afflicted by arthritis than others? A comparative study of spondyloarthropathy in primates and carnivores
    • Nunn C L, Rothschild B, Gittleman J L. Why are some species more commonly afflicted by arthritis than others? A comparative study of spondyloarthropathy in primates and carnivores. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2007, 20:460-470.
    • (2007) Journal of Evolutionary Biology , vol.20 , pp. 460-470
    • Nunn, C.L.1    Rothschild, B.2    Gittleman, J.L.3
  • 69
    • 0028340970 scopus 로고
    • Dosing of neuroleptics in elderly demented patients with aggressive and agitated behaviour: a double-blind study with zuclopenthixol
    • Nygaard H A, Bakke K, Brudvik E, Elgen K, Lien G K. Dosing of neuroleptics in elderly demented patients with aggressive and agitated behaviour: a double-blind study with zuclopenthixol. Current Medical Research and Opinion 1994, 13:222-232.
    • (1994) Current Medical Research and Opinion , vol.13 , pp. 222-232
    • Nygaard, H.A.1    Bakke, K.2    Brudvik, E.3    Elgen, K.4    Lien, G.K.5
  • 70
    • 16644395461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electroejaculation and semen cryopreservation of free-ranging Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus)
    • Okano T, Murase T, Tsubota T. Electroejaculation and semen cryopreservation of free-ranging Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus). Theriogenology 2004, 66:1371-1376.
    • (2004) Theriogenology , vol.66 , pp. 1371-1376
    • Okano, T.1    Murase, T.2    Tsubota, T.3
  • 71
    • 0642283624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immobilization of sun bears (Helarctos malayanus) with medetomidine-zolazepam-tiletamine
    • Onuma M. Immobilization of sun bears (Helarctos malayanus) with medetomidine-zolazepam-tiletamine. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 2003, 34:202-205.
    • (2003) Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine , vol.34 , pp. 202-205
    • Onuma, M.1
  • 72
    • 0022878281 scopus 로고
    • Sloth bear immobilization with a ketamine-xylazine combination: reversal with yohimbine
    • Page C D. Sloth bear immobilization with a ketamine-xylazine combination: reversal with yohimbine. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 1986, 189:1050-1051.
    • (1986) Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association , vol.189 , pp. 1050-1051
    • Page, C.D.1
  • 73
    • 77952682384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive reinforcement training for biomedical and reproductive management of giant pandas
    • Perry L, Stephens L. Positive reinforcement training for biomedical and reproductive management of giant pandas. Animal Keepers' Forum 2006, 34:394-401.
    • (2006) Animal Keepers' Forum , vol.34 , pp. 394-401
    • Perry, L.1    Stephens, L.2
  • 76
    • 33645079761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ursidae and Hyenidae
    • Fowler M E, Miller R E. (Eds), St Louis, MO, W. B. Saunders Company
    • Ramsay E C. Ursidae and Hyenidae. Zoo wild animal medicine: current therapy 2003, 6:523-538. Fowler M EMiller R E. In, (Eds), St Louis, MO, W. B. Saunders Company
    • (2003) Zoo wild animal medicine: current therapy , vol.6 , pp. 523-538
    • Ramsay, E.C.1
  • 77
    • 0029330295 scopus 로고
    • Immobilization of black bears (Ursus americanus) with orally administered carfentanil citrate
    • Ramsay M A, Sleeman J M, Clyde V. Immobilization of black bears (Ursus americanus) with orally administered carfentanil citrate. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 1995, 31:391-393.
    • (1995) Journal of Wildlife Diseases , vol.31 , pp. 391-393
    • Ramsay, M.A.1    Sleeman, J.M.2    Clyde, V.3
  • 79
    • 77952694195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salmonid poisoning and tapeworms
    • Lintzenich B A, Ward A M, Edwards M S, Griffin M E, Robbins C T. (Eds), Sebastopol, CA, Polar Bears International, in association with the AZA Bear TAG
    • Reed H. Salmonid poisoning and tapeworms. Polar bear nutrition guidelines 2006, 58-60. Lintzenich B AWard A MEdwards M SGriffin M ERobbins C T. In, (Eds), Sebastopol, CA, Polar Bears International, in association with the AZA Bear TAG
    • (2006) Polar bear nutrition guidelines , pp. 58-60
    • Reed, H.1
  • 86
    • 0024651812 scopus 로고
    • Immobilization of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) with telazol in the Canadian Arctic
    • Stirling I, Spencer C, Andriashek D. Immobilization of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) with telazol in the Canadian Arctic. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 1989, 25:159-168.
    • (1989) Journal of Wildlife Diseases , vol.25 , pp. 159-168
    • Stirling, I.1    Spencer, C.2    Andriashek, D.3
  • 88
    • 52949147177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immobilization of black bears (Ursus americanus) with a combination of butorphanol, azaperone, and medetomidine
    • Wolfe L L, Goshorn C T, Baruch-Mordo S. Immobilization of black bears (Ursus americanus) with a combination of butorphanol, azaperone, and medetomidine. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 2008, 44:748-752.
    • (2008) Journal of Wildlife Diseases , vol.44 , pp. 748-752
    • Wolfe, L.L.1    Goshorn, C.T.2    Baruch-Mordo, S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.