The biogenic content of process streams from mechanical-biological treatment plants producing solid recovered fuel. Do the manual sorting and selective dissolution determination methods correlate?

Waste Management

Volumn 30, Issue 7, 2010, Pages 1171-1182

  Séverin, Mélanie ^a   Velis, Costas A ^a   Longhurst, Phil J ^a   Pollard, Simon J T ^a  

^a CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASH CONTENTS; CARBON EMISSIONS; DRY MASS BASIS; MANUAL SORTING; MECHANICAL-BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT; PROCESS STREAMS; RELATIVE STANDARD DEVIATIONS; SELECTIVE DISSOLUTION; SELECTIVE DISSOLUTION METHOD; STANDARD METHOD;

AIR QUALITY; BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING; SPACE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS; WASTE TREATMENT;

DISSOLUTION;

CARBON EMISSION; CORRELATION; DISSOLUTION; METHODOLOGY; WASTE TREATMENT;

ARTICLE; ASH; BIOFUEL PRODUCTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRY MASS; ENERGY RECOVERY; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REPRODUCIBILITY; WASTE MANAGEMENT;

BIODEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL; BIOFUELS; REFUSE DISPOSAL; WASTE PRODUCTS;

EID: 77952674603     PISSN: 0956053X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.01.012     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. ASTM, 2008. Standard test methods for determining the biobased content of solid, liquid, and gaseous samples using radiocarbon analysis. D6866-08 10.1520 ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
2. Council of the European Union, 1999. Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste. L 182, 16-07-1999, European Commission - Official Journal of the European Communities.
3. Cuperus, J.G., van Dijk, E.A., 2002. Determination of the biomass fraction in solid recovered fuels. R003-3907341JGC-D01-D, 6 June 2002, TAUW, Deventer, The Netherlands, p. 64.
4. Cuperus, J.G., van Dijk, E.A., de Boer, R.C., 2005. Pre-normative research on SRF. R001-4271783EDA-rvb-V01-NL, 13 September 2005, TAUW, Deventer, The Netherlands, p. 128.
5. Ellison, S.L.R., Rosslein, M., Williams, A., 2000. Quantifying uncertainty in analytical measurement, second ed. EURACHEM/CITAC.
6. Energy Information Administration, 2007. Methodology for allocation municipal solid waste to biogenic and non-biogenic energy. 20585. Energy Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC, USA.
7. European Committee for Standardisation, 2006a. Solid recovered fuels - method for the determination of the biomass content. DD CEN/TS 15440:2006, 28-02-2007, European Committee for Standardisation (CEN), p. 52.
8. European Committee for Standardisation, 2006b. Solid recovered fuels - methods for sampling. DD CEN/TS 15442:2006, 28-02-2007, European Committee for Standardisation (CEN), p. 52.
9. European Committee for Standardisation, 2006c. Solid recovered fuels - determination of moisture content using the oven dry method. Part 1: determination of total moisture by a reference method. DD CEN/TS 15414-1:2006, 30-11-2006, European Committee for Standardisation (CEN), p. 12.
10. European Committee for Standardisation, 2006d. Solid recovered fuels - determination of moisture content using the oven dry method. Part 2: determination of total moisture by a simplified method. DD CEN/TS 15414-2:2006, 30-11-2006, European Committee for Standardisation (CEN), p. 10.
11. European Committee for Standardisation, 2007. Solid recovered fuels - determination of the biomass content based on the 14C method PD CEN/TR 15591:2007, 27-04-2007, European Committee for Standardisation (CEN), p. 36.
12. 14C in biomass fractions of wastes and solid recovered fuels. Waste Management 2009, 29:1495-1503.
13. Fellner J., Cencic O., Rechberger H. A new method to determine the ratio of electricity production from fossil and biogenic sources in waste-to-energy plants. Environmental Science and Technology 2007, 41:2579-2586.
14. Flamme S. The biogenic content in substitute fuels [Biogener anteil in ersatzbrennstoffen]. Aufbereitungs-Technik/Mineral Processing 2006, 47:40-45.
15. Garg A., Smith R., Hill D., Simms N., Pollard S. Wastes as co-fuels: the policy framework for solid recovered fuel (SRF) in Europe, with UK implications. Environmental Science and Technology 2007, 41:4868-4874.
16. Gawlik B.M., Sobiecka E., Vaccaro S., Ciceri G. Quality management organisation, validation of standards, developments and inquiries for solid-recovered fuels - an overview on the QUOVADIS-Project. Energy Policy 2007, 35:6293-6298.
17. Gerlach, R.W., Nocerino, J.M., 2004. Guidance for obtaining representative laboratory analytical subsamples from particulate laboratory samples. EPA/600/R-03/027, November 2003, Environmental Protection Agency, p. 134.
18. Gy P. Sampling of discrete materials: II. Quantitative approach - sampling of zero-dimensional objects. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 2004, 74:25-26.
19. Juniper, 2005. Mechanical-biological treatment: a guide for decision makers, processes, policies and markets. CD-ROM, v1, March 2005, Juniper Consultancy Services, UK.
20. Leng, L., Zhang, T., Kleinman, L., Zhu, W., 2007. Ordinary least square regression, orthogonal regression, geometric mean regression and their applications in aerosol science. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 78, Article No. 012084.
21. 2 and mass balances. Bioresource Technology 2008, 99:6471-6479.
22. Nocerino J.M., Schumacher B.A., Dary C.C. Role of laboratory sampling devices and laboratory subsampling methods in representative sampling strategies. Environmental Forensics 2005, 6:35-44.
23. Ofgem, 2009. Renewables obligation: fuel measurement and sampling guidance. 29-03-2007, Office of Gas and Electricity Markets (Ofgem), London, p. 92.
24. Petersen L., Minkkinen P., Esbensen K.H. Representative sampling for reliable data analysis: theory of sampling. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 2005, 77:261-277.
25. QUOVADIS, 2007. Quality management, organisation, validation of standards, developments and inquiries for SRF. EIE 2003 031 PAD-775040, December 2007, CESI RICERCA Milano, Italy, p. 134.
26. Sokal R., Rolf J. Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research 1995, W.H. Freeman, New York. third ed.
27. Staber W., Flamme S., Fellner J. Methods for determining the biomass content of waste. Waste Management and Research 2008, 26:78-87.
28. StatSoft, 2008. Statistica 8. Data analysis software system. Version 8.
29. Velis, C.A., 2009. Solid recovered fuel production through the mechanical biological treatment of wastes. Cranfield University, PhD thesis, Cranfield, UK, p. 639.
30. Velis C.A., Longhurst P.J., Drew G.H., Smith R., Pollard S.J.T. Biodrying for mechanical-biological treatment of wastes: a review of process science and engineering. Bioresource Technology 2009, 100:2747-2761.
31. Velis, C.A., Longhurst, P.J., Drew, G.H., Smith, R., Pollard, S.J.T., in press. Production and quality assurance of solid recovered fuels using mechanical-biological treatment (MBT) of waste: a comprehensive assessment. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology.