Learning the hard way? European climate policy after copenhagen

Environment

Volumn 52, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 20-27

  Haug, Constanze ^a   Berkhout, Frans ^a  

^a VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77952661805     PISSN: 00139157     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00139151003761603     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. J. Gupta and M. Grubb, Climate Change and European Leadership: A Sustainable Role for Europe? (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000).
2. "We can say to the rest of the world-Europe is taking the lead. You should join us in fighting climate change." European Commission President José Manuel Barroso at the Spring Council 8-9 March 2007. http://ec.europa.eu/energy/energy-policy/index-en.htm (accessed 15 July 2009).
3. Council of the European Union, Brussels European Council 29-30 October 2009. Presidency Conclusions. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms-Data/ docs/pressData/en/ec/110889.pdf (accessed 22 March 2010).
4. European Commission, "Copenhagen Conference Must Produce Global, Ambitious and Comprehensive Agreement to Avert Dangerous Climate Change," press release (Brussels, 2 December 2009).
5. K. Levin and R. Bradley, Comparability of Annex I Emission Reduction Pledges (Washington, DC: World Resources Institute, February 2010), http://www.wri. org/publication/comparability-of-annexi-emissionreduction- pledges (accessed 26 February 2010). Climate Analytics/Ecofys, "Ambition of Only Two Developed Countries Sufficient for Copenhagen Accord Meeting 2°C target," press release (Cologne, Berlin, New York, 2 February 2010).
6. However, to be fair, already well before Copenhagen climate scientists had become increasingly sceptical whether any global climate agreement would be able to deliver emission cuts of the magnitude for keeping the 2°C objective within reach (see e.g. K. Anderson and A. Bows, Reframing the Climate Change Challenge in Light of Post-2000 Emission Trends," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 366, no. 1882 (2008), 3863-3882.
7. The Bali Action Plan, adopted at the UN Climate Conference in Bali in December 2007, set out the roadmap towards finalizing a binding post-2012 agreement in Copenhagen in 2012.
8. European Environment Agency, Greenhouse Gas Trends and Projections in Europe 2009, EEA Report No 9/2009 (Copenhagen, 2009).
9. For an in-depth assessment of past, present, and future of European climate policy, see A. Jordan, D. Huitema, H. van Asselt, T. Rayner, and F. Berkhout, eds., Climate Change Policy in the European Union: Confronting the Dilemmas of Mitigation and Adaptation? (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, forthcoming 2010).
10. S. Oberthür and C. Roche-Kelly, "EU Leadership in International Climate Policy: Achievements and Challenges," The International Spectator 43, no.3 (2008), 35-50.
11. See for example, see C. Egenhofer and A. Georgiev, The Copenhagen Accord-A First Stab at Deciphering the Implications for the EU (Brussels: Centre for European Policy studies, 2009), http://www.ceps. be/book/copenhagen-Accord- first-stab-decipheringimplications-eu (accessed 25 February 2010).
12. S. Goldenberg, T. Helm, and J. Vidal, "Copenhagen: The Key Players and How They Rated," The Observer, 20 December 2009.
13. See, e.g., P. Luttikhuis, "Klimaat Redden Gaat Zo: Reconstructie Klimaatakkoord" [How to Save the Climate: Reconstruction of the Climate Accord], NRC Handelsblad, 23 January 2010.
14. For an informative treatment of the concept of reciprocity under the global climate regime, see H. de Coninck, Technology Rules! Can Technology-Oriented Agreements Help Address Climate Change? Dissertation (Amsterdam, VU University, 2009).
15. See, e.g., J. Vidal, A. Stratton, and S. Goldenberg, "Low Targets, Goals Dropped: Copenhagen Ends in Failure," guardian.co.uk, 20 December 2009, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/dec/18/copenhagen-deal (accessed 26 February 2010).
16. R. Stavins, A Portfolio of Domestic Commitments: Implementing Common But Differentiated Responsibilities (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Project on International Climate Agreements, 2009), http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/A%20 Portfolio%20of%20Domestic%20Commitments.pdf (accessed 1 March 2010).
17. Quoted in P. Griffiths, "Britain Blames China for Climate Talks' Failure," Reuters, 21 December 2009, http://www.reuters.com/article/ idUSGEE5BB07F20091221 (accessed 19 January 2010).
18. Quoted in J. Rankin, "Climate Deal Disappoints EU", European Voice, 19 December 2009, http://www. europeanvoice.com/article/2009/12/climate- dealdisappoints-eu/66766.aspx (accessed 19 January 2010).
19. Quoted in P. Griffiths and M. Wacket, "Merkel, Brown Accept Climate Deal, Wanted More," Reuters, 18 December 2009, http://uk.reuters.com/ article/idUKTRE5BH5IW20091218 (accessed 19 January 2010).
20. Quoted in "EU Calls for More U.S. Involvement in Climate Works," Reuters, 22 December 2009, http://www.reuters.com/article/ idUSTRE5BL21F20091222 (accessed 19 January 2010).
21. Quoted in L. Phillips, "Hedegaard: EU Must Speak With One Voice on Climate," euobserver.com, 15 January 2010, http://euobserver.com/885/29278 (accessed 19 January 2010).
22. Quoted in ENDS Europe Daily, "Europe May Set National Targets in Climate Accord," 15 January 2010, http://www.endseurope.com/23089 (accessed 25 February 2010).
23. L. van Schaik, "The Sustainability of the EU's Model for Climate Diplomacy," in S. Oberthür and M. Pallemaerts, eds., The New Climate Policies of the European Union: Internal Legislation and Climate Diplomacy (Brussels, VUB Press, forthcoming 2010): 251-280.
24. P. Taylor, "Snubbed in Copenhagen, EU Weighs Climate Options," Reuters, 13 January 2010, http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE60C3HB20100113 (accessed 26 February 2010).
25. Egenhofer and Georgiev, note 10.
26. See, e.g.. H. van Asselt and T. Brewer, "Addressing Competitiveness and Leakage Concerns in Climate Policy: An Analysis of Border Adjustment Measures in the US and the EU," Energy Policy 38, no.1 (2010): 42-51.
27. Quoted in ENDS Europe Daily, "Climate Accord 'Must Be Adopted to Unblock Funds,'" 22 December 2009, http://www.endseurope.com/22967 (accessed 19 January 2010).
28. European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. International climate policy post-Copenhagen: Acting now to reinvigorate global action on climate change. COM(2010)86 final (Brussels, 9 March 2010).