Structure and evolution of precipitation along a cold front in the northeastern United States

Journal of Hydrometeorology

Volumn 10, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 1243-1256

  Zhang, Yan ^a   Smith, James A ^a   Ntelekos, Alexandros A ^a   Baeck, Mary Lynn ^a   Krajewski, Witold F ^b   Moshary, Fred ^c  

^a Princeton University   (United States)

^b University of Iowa   (United States)

^c City College of New York   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; COLD FRONT; CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; FLASH FLOOD; HYDROMETEOROLOGY; LIDAR; NUMERICAL MODEL; OBSERVATIONAL METHOD; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); RAINFALL; WEATHER FORECASTING;

APPALACHIANS; NEW JERSEY; NEW YORK [UNITED STATES]; UNITED STATES;

EID: 77952599591     PISSN: 1525755X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2009JHM1046.1     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Austin, P. M., and R. A. Houze, 1972: Analysis of the structure of precipitation patterns in New England. J. Appl. Meteor., 11, 926-935.
2. Barros, A. P., and R. J. Kuligowski, 1998: Orographic effects during a severe wintertime rainstorm in the Appalachian Mountains. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 2648-2672.
3. Ebisuzaki, W., J. Alpert, J. Wang, D. Jovic, and P. Shafran, 2004: North American Regional Reanalysis: End user access to large data sets. Preprints, 20th Int. Conf. on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology, Seattle, WA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 8.2. [Available online at http://ams.confex.com/ams/84Annual/techprogram/paper_73708.htm.]
4. Feingold, G., and B. Morley, 2003: Aerosol hygroscopic properties as measured by lidar and comparison with in situ measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4327, doi:10.1029/2002JD002842.
5. Holt, T., and J. Pullen, 2007: Urban canopy modeling of the New York City metropolitan area: A comparison and validation of single-and multilayer parameterizations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 1931-1944.
6. Kovalev, V. A., and W. E. Eichinger, 2004: Elastic Lidar: Theory, Practice, and Analysis Methods. John Wiley and Sons, 615 pp.
7. Krajewski, W. F., and Coauthors, 2007: Towards better utilization of NEXRAD data in hydrology: An overview of Hydro-NEXRAD. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress: Restoring Our Natural Habitat, Vol. 243, American Society of Civil Engineers, 1-8.
8. Lin, Y.-L., R. D. Farley, and H. D. Orville, 1983: Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 1065-1092.
9. Ntelekos, A. A., J. A. Smith, and W. F. Krajewski, 2007: Climatological analyses of thunderstorms and flash floods in the Baltimore metropolitan region. J. Hydrometeor., 8, 88-101.
10. Ntelekos, A. A., M. L. Baeck, W. F. Krajewski, A. J. Miller, and R. Goska, 2008: Extreme hydrometeorological events and the urban environment: Dissecting the 7 July 2004 thunderstorm over the Baltimore MD metropolitan region. Water Resour. Res., 44, W08446, doi:10.1029/2007WR006346.
11. Ogden, F. L., H. O. Sharif, U. S. Senarath, J. A. Smith, M. L. Baeck, and J. R. Richardson, 2000: Hydrologic analysis of the Fort Collins, Colorado, flash flood of 1997. J. Hydrol., 228, 82-100.
12. Orville, R. E., and G. R. Huffines, 2001: Cloud-to-ground lightning in the United States: NLDN results in the first decade, 1989-98. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 1179-1193.
13. Petersen, W. A., and Coauthors, 1999: Mesoscale and radar observations of the Fort Collins flash flood of 28 July 1997. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 191-216.
14. Pullen, J., T. Holt, A. F. Blumberg, and R. D. Bornstein, 2007: Atmospheric response to local upwelling in the vicinity of the New York-New Jersey harbor. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 46, 1031-1052.
15. Reed, S. M., and D. R. Maidment, 1999: Coordinate transformations for using NEXRAD data in GIS-based hydrologic modeling. J. Hydrol. Eng., 4, 174-182.
16. Rogers, E., T. L. Black, D. G. Deaven, G. J. DiMego, Q. Zhao, M. Baldwin, N. W. Junker, and Y. Lin, 1996: Changes to the operational "early" Eta analysis/forecast system at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. Wea. Forecasting, 11, 391-413.
17. Shea, D. J., S. J. Worley, I. R. Stern, and T. J. Hoar, 1995: An introduction to atmospheric and oceanographic datasets. NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-4041IA, 132 pp.
18. Shepherd, J. M., 2005: A review of the current investigations of urban-induced rainfall and recommendations for the future. Earth Interactions, 9. [Available online at http://EarthInteractions.org.]
19. Skamarock, W. C., J. B. Klemp, J. Dudhia, D. O. Gill, D. M. Barker, W. Wang, and J. G. Powers, 2007: A description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 2. NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-4681STR, 100 pp.
20. Smith, J. A., and A. F. Karr, 1990: A statistical model of extreme storm rainfall. J. Geophys. Res., 95 (D3), 2083-2092.
21. Smith, J. A., M. L. Baeck, J. E. Morrison, P. L. Sturdevant-Rees, D. F. Turner-Gillespie, and P. D. Bates, 2002: The regional hydrology of extreme floods in an urbanizing drainage basin. J. Hydrometeor., 3, 267-282.
22. Smith, J. A., A. J. Miller, M. L. Baeck, P. A. Nelson, G. T. Fisher, and K. L. Meierdiercks, 2005: Extraordinary flood response of a small urban watershed to short duration convective rainfall. J. Hydrometeor., 6, 599-617.
23. Smith, J. A., E. Hui, M. Steiner, M. L. Baeck, W. F. Krajewski, and A. A. Ntelekos, 2008: Variability of rainfall rate and raindrop size distributions in heavy rain. Water Resour. Res., 45, W04430, doi:10.1029/2008WR006840.
24. Steiner, M., and J. A. Smith, 1998: Convective versus stratiform rainfall: An ice microphysical and kinematic conceptual model. Atmos. Res., 48, 317-326.
25. Smith, J. A., R. A. Houze Jr., and S. E. Yuter, 1995: Climatological characterization of three-dimensional storm structure from operational radar and rain gauge data. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 1978-2007.
26. Uijlenhoet, R., M. Steiner, and J. A. Smith, 2003: Variability of raindrop size distributions in a squall line and implications for radar rainfall estimation. J. Hydrometeor., 4, 43-61.
27. Waymire, E., V. K. Gupta, and I. Rodriquez-Iturbe, 1984: A spectral theory of rainfall intensity at the meso-β scale. Water Resour. Res., 20, 1453-1465.
28. Zhang, Y., and J. A. Smith, 2003: Space-time variability of rainfall and extreme flood response in the Menomonee River basin, Wisconsin. J. Hydrometeor., 4, 506-517.