Multiple optical trapping and binding: New routes to self-assembly

Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics

Volumn 43, Issue 10, 2010, Pages

  Cizmr T ^a   Romero, L C Dávila ^b   Dholakia, K ^a   Andrews, D L ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE; INTER-PARTICLE INTERACTION; MECHANICAL EFFECTS; NON-CONTACT; OPTICAL BINDING; OPTICAL FIELD; OPTICAL FORCE; OPTICALTRAPPING; PARTICLE TRAPPING; SINGLE ATOMS;

BIOLOGY;

EID: 77952577243     PISSN: 09534075     EISSN: 13616455     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0953-4075/43/10/102001     Document Type: Review

References (166)

1. Anderson M H, Ensher J R, Matthews M R, Wieman C E and Cornell E A 1995 Observation of bose-einstein condensation in a dilute atomic vapor Science 269 198-201
2. Wieman C E, Pritchard D E and Wineland D J 1999 Atom cooling, trapping, and quantum manipulation Rev. Modern Phys. 71 S253
3. Ashkin A 1970 Acceleration and trapping of particles by radiation pressure Phys. Rev. Lett. 24 156-9
4. Constable A, Kim J, Mervis J, Zarinetchi F and Prentiss M 1993 Demonstration of a fiberoptic light-force trap Opt. Lett. 18 1867-9
5. Tatarkova S A, Carruthers A E and Dholakia K 2002 One-dimensional optically bound arrays of microscopic particles Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 283901
6. Singer W, Frick M, Bernet S and Ritsch-Marte M 2003 Self-organized array of regularly spaced microbeads in a fiber-optical trap J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20 1568-74
7. Ashkin A and Dziedzic J M 1974 Stability of optical levitation by radiation pressure Appl. Phys. Lett. 24 586-8
8. Gahagan K T and Swartzlander G A 1996 Optical vortex trapping of particles Opt. Lett. 21 827-9
9. Sasaki K, Koshioka M, Misawa H, Kitamura N and Masuhara H 1992 Optical trapping of a metal-particle and a water droplet by a scanning laser-beam Appl. Phys. Lett. 60 807-9
10. Ashkin A, Dziedzic J M, Bjorkholm J E and Chu S 1986 Observation of a single-beam gradient force optical trap for dielectric particles Opt. Lett. 11 288-90
11. Ashkin A 2006 Optical Trapping and Manipulation of Neutral Particles Using Lasers (Singapore/Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific)
12. Dholakia K, Reece P and Gu M 2008 Optical micromanipulation Chem. Soc. Rev. 37 42-55
13. Grier D G 2003 A revolution in optical manipulation Nature 424 810-16
14. Jon A and Zemnek P 2008 Light at work: the use of optical forces for particle manipulation, sorting, and analysis Electrophoresis 29 4813-51
15. Neuman K C and Block S M 2004 Optical trapping Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75 2787-809
16. Greene W M, Spjut R E, Bar-Ziv E, Sarofim A F and Longwell J P 1985 Photophoresis of irradiated spheres-absorption centers J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 2 998-1004
17. Gordon J P 1973 Radiation forces and momenta in dielectric media Phys. Rev. A 8 14-21
18. Chaumet P C and Nieto-Vesperinas M 2000 Time-averaged total force on a dipolar sphere in an electromagnetic field Opt. Lett. 25 1065-7
19. Draine B T 1988 The discrete-dipole approximation and its application to interstellar graphite grains Astrophys. J. 333 848-72
20. Svoboda K and Block S M 1994 Optical trapping of metallic Rayleigh particles Opt. Lett. 19 930-2
21. Hansen P M, Bhatia V K, Harrit N and Oddershede L 2005 Expanding the optical trapping range of gold nanoparticles Nano Lett. 5 1937-42
22. Seol Y, Carpenter A E and Perkins T T 2006 Gold nanoparticles: enhanced optical trapping and sensitivity coupled with significant heating Opt. Lett. 31 2429-31
23. Dienerowitz M, Mazilu M and Dholakia K 2008 Optical manipulation of nanoparticles: a review J. Nanophotonics 2 021875
24. Pendleton A, Kundu S and Liang H 2009 Controlled synthesis of titanium nanochains using a template J. Nanoparticle Res. 11 505-10
25. Qin J Q, Wang X L, Jia D, Chen J, Fan Y X, Ding J and Wang H T 2009 FDTD approach to optical forces of tightly focused vector beams on metal particles Opt. Exp. 17 8407-16
26. Saija R, Denti P, Borghese F, Maragó O M and Iati M A 2009 Optical trapping calculations for metal nanoparticles. Comparison with experimental data for Au and Ag spheres Opt. Exp. 17 10231-41
27. Ashkin A 1992 Forces of a single-beam gradient laser trap on a dielectric sphere in the ray optics regime Biophys. J. 61 569-82
28. Novotny L and Hecht B 2006 Principles of Nano-Optics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
29. Jackson J D 1999 Classical Electrodynamics (New York/Chichester: Wiley)
30. Barton J P, Alexander D R and Schaub S A 1988 Internal and near-surface electromagnetic fields for a spherical particle irradiated by a focused laser beam J. Appl. Phys. 64 1632-9
31. Barton J P, Alexander D R and Schaub S A 1989 Theoretical determination of net-radiation force and torque for a spherical-particle illuminated by a focused laser-beam J. Appl. Phys. 66 4594-602
32. Rohrbach A 2005 Stiffness of optical traps: quantitative agreement between experiment and electromagnetic theory Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 168102
33. Rohrbach A and Stelzer E H K 2002 Trapping forces, force constants, and potential depths for dielectric spheres in the presence of spherical aberrations Appl. Opt. 41 2494-507
34. Guck J, Ananthakrishnan R, Mahmood H, Moon T J, Cunningham C C and Käs J 2001 The optical stretcher: a novel laser tool to micromanipulate cells Biophys. J. 81 767-84
35. Jess P R T, Garcés-Chvez V, Smith D, Mazilu M, Paterson L, Riches A, Herrington C S, Sibbett W and Dholakia K 2006 Dual beam fibre trap for Raman microspectroscopy of single cells Opt. Exp. 14 5779-91
36. Keen S et al 2007 Comparison of a high-speed camera and a quadrant detector for measuring displacements in optical tweezers J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 9 S264
37. Berg-Sørensen K and Flyvbjerg H 2004 Power spectrum analysis for optical tweezers Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75 594-612
38. Berg-Sørensen K, Oddershede L and Flyvbjerg H 2004 Optical tweezers as a tool of precision: single-molecule mobility as case study Conference on Imaging, Manipulation and Analysis of Biomolecules, Cells and Tissues II (San Jose, CA) ed D V Nicolau et al pp 64-74
39. Brau R R et al 2007 Passive and active microrheology with optical tweezers J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 9 S103
40. Svoboda K, Schmidt C F, Schnapp B J and Block S M 1993 Direct observation of kinesin stepping by optical trapping interferometry Nature 365 721-7
41. Abbondanzieri E A, Greenleaf W J, Shaevitz J W, Landick R and Block S M 2005 Direct observation of base-pair stepping by RNA polymerase Nature 438 460-5
42. La Porta A and Wang M D 2004 Optical torque wrench: angular trapping, rotation, and torque detection of quartz microparticles Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 190801
43. Volpe G, Volpe G and Petrov D 2007 Brownian motion in a nonhomogeneous force field and photonic force microscope Phys. Rev. E 76 061118
44. Friese M E J, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H, Gold J, Hagberg P and Hanstorp D 2001 Optically driven micromachine elements Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 547-9
45. Galajda P and Ormos P 2001 Complex micromachines produced and driven by light Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 249-51
46. Terray A, Oakey J and Marr D W M 2002 Microfluidic control using colloidal devices Science 296 1841-4
47. Bechinger C, Brunner M and Leiderer P 2001 Phase behavior of two-dimensional colloidal systems in the presence of periodic light fields Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 930-3
48. Korda P T, Spalding G C and Grier D G 2002 Evolution of a colloidal critical state in an optical pinning potential landscape Phys. Rev. B 66 024504
49. van Dillen T, van Blaaderen A and Polman A 2004 Shaping colloidal assemblies Mater. Today 7 40-6
50. Burns M M, Fournier J M and Golovchenko J A 1990 Optical matter-crystallization and binding in intense optical fields Science 249 749-54
51. Chiou A E, Wang W, Sonek G J, Hong J and Berns M W 1997 Interferometric optical tweezers Opt. Commun. 133 7-10
52. Zemnek P, Jon A, Sramek L and Liska M 1998 Optical trapping of Rayleigh particles using a Gaussian standing wave Opt. Commun. 151 273-85
53. imr T, Garcés-Chvez V, Dholakia K and Zemnek P 2005 Optical conveyor belt for delivery of submicron objects Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 174101
54. imr T, iler M, er M, Zemnek P, Garcés-Chvez V and Dholakia K 2006 Optical sorting and detection of submicrometer objects in a motional standing wave Phys. Rev. B 74 035105
55. Garcés-Chvez V, Dholakia K and Spalding G C 2005 Extended-area optically induced organization of microparticies on a surface Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 031106
56. Garcés-Chvez V, Quidant R, Reece P J, Badenes G, Torner L and Dholakia K 2006 Extended organization of colloidal microparticles by surface plasmon polariton excitation Phys. Rev. B 73 085417
57. Righini M, Zelenina A S, Girard C and Quidant R 2007 Parallel and selective trapping in a patterned plasmonic landscape Nature Phys. 3 477-80
58. Birkbeck A L, Flynn R A, Ozkan M, Song D Q, Gross M and Esener S C 2003 VCSEL Arrays as micromanipulators in chip-based biosystems Biomed. Microdevices 5 47-54
59. Flynn R A, Birkbeck A L, Gross M, Ozkan M, Shao B, Wang M M and Esener S C 2002 Parallel transport of biological cells using individually addressable VCSEL arrays as optical tweezers Sensors Actuators B 87 239-43
60. Shao B, Zlatanovic S, Ozkan M, Birkbeck A L and Esener S C 2006 Manipulation of microspheres and biological cells with multiple agile VCSEL traps Sensors Actuators B 113 866-74
61. Fällman E and Axner O 1997 Design for fully steerable dual-trap optical tweezers Appl. Opt. 36 2107-13
62. Sasaki K, Koshioka M, Misawa H, Kitamura N and Masuhara H 1991 Pattern-formation and flow-control of fine particles by laser-scanning micromanipulation Opt. Lett. 16 1463-5
63. Mio C, Gong T, Terray A and Marr D W M 2000 Design of a scanning laser optical trap for multiparticle manipulation Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71 2196-200
64. Visscher K, Gross S P and Block S M 1996 Construction of multiple-beam optical traps with nanometer-resolution position sensing IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 2 1066-76
65. Vossen D L J, Van Der Horst A, Dogterom M and van Blaaderen A 2004 Optical tweezers and confocal microscopy for simultaneous three-dimensional manipulation and imaging in concentrated colloidal dispersions Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75 2960-70
66. Moffitt J R, Chemla Y R, Smith S B and Bustamante C 2008 Recent advances in optical tweezers Annu. Rev. Biochem. 77 205-28
67. Dame R T, Noom M C and Wuite G J L 2006 Bacterial chromatin organization by H-NS protein unravelled using dual DNA manipulation Nature 444 387-90
68. Guilford W H, Tournas J A, Dascalu D and Watson D S 2004 Creating multiple time-shared laser traps with simultaneous displacement detection using digital signal processing hardware Anal. Biochem. 326 153-66
69. Valentine M T, Guydosh N R, Gutiérrez-Medina B, Fehr A N, Andreasson J O and Block S M 2008 Precision steering of an optical trap by electro-optic deflection Opt. Lett. 33 599-601
70. Fournier J M, Burns M M and Golovchenko J A 1995 Writing diffractive structures by optical trapping Proc. SPIE 2406 101-11
71. He H, Friese M E J, Heckenberg N R and Rubinsztein-Dunlop H 1995 Direct observation of transfer of angular-momentum to absorptive particles from a laser-beam with a phase singularity Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 826-9
72. He H, Heckenberg N R and Rubinsztein-Dunlop H 1995 Optical-particle trapping with higher-order doughnut beams produced using high-efficiency computer-generated holograms J. Modern Opt. 42 217-23
73. Dufresne E R and Grier D G 1998 Optical tweezer arrays and optical substrates created with diffractive optics Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69 1974-7
74. Curtis J E, Koss B A and Grier D G 2002 Dynamic holographic optical tweezers Opt. Commun. 207 169-75
75. Dufresne E R, Spalding G C, Dearing M T, Sheets S A and Grier D G 2001 Computer-generated holographic optical tweezer arrays Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72 1810-6
76. Grier D G and Roichman Y 2006 Holographic optical trapping Appl. Opt. 45 880-7
77. Hossack W J, Theofanidou E, Crain J, Heggarty K and Birch M 2003 High-speed holographic optical tweezers using a ferroelectric liquid crystal microdisplay Opt. Exp. 11 2053-9
78. Leach J, Sinclair G, Jordan P, Courtial J, Padgett M J, Cooper J and Laczik Z J 2004 3D manipulation of particles into crystal structures using holographic optical tweezers Opt. Exp. 12 220-26
79. Lee S H and Grier D G 2005 Robustness of holographic optical traps against phase scaling errors Opt. Exp. 13 7458-65
80. Liesener J, Reicherter M, Haist T and Tiziani H J 2000 Multi-functional optical tweezers using computer-generated holograms Opt. Commun. 185 77-82
81. Martín-Badosa E, Montes-Usategui M, Carnicer A, Andilla J, Pleguezuelos E and Juvells I 2007 Design strategies for optimizing holographic optical tweezers set-ups J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 9 S267-77
82. Melville H, Milne G F, Spalding G C, Sibbett W, Dholakia K and McGloin D 2003 Optical trapping of three-dimensional structures using dynamic holograms Opt. Exp. 11 3562-7
83. Montes-Usategui M, Pleguezuelos E, Andilla J and Martín-Badosa E 2006 Fast generation of holographic optical tweezers by random mask encoding of Fourier components Opt. Exp. 14 2101-7
84. Polin M, Ladavac K, Lee S H, Roichman Y and Grier D G 2005 Optimized holographic optical traps Opt. Exp. 13 5831-45
85. Schmitz C H J, Spatz J P and Curtis J E 2005 High-precision steering of multiple holographic optical traps Opt. Exp. 13 8678-85
86. Sinclair G, Jordan P, Leach J, Padgett M J and Cooper J 2004 Defining the trapping limits of holographical optical tweezers J. Modern Opt. 51 409-14
87. Sinclair G, Leach J, Jordan P, Gibson G, Yao E, Laczik Z J, Padgett M J and Courtial J 2004 Interactive application in holographic optical tweezers of a multi-plane Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm for three-dimensional light shaping Opt. Exp. 12 1665-70
88. Whyte G and Courtial J 2005 Experimental demonstration of holographic three-dimensional light shaping using a Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm New J. Phys. 7 117
89. Jesacher A, Furhapter S, Bernet S and Ritsch-Marte M 2004 Diffractive optical tweezers in the Fresnel regime Opt. Exp. 12 2243-50
90. imr T, Kollrov V, Tsampoula X, Gunn-Moore F, Sibbett W, Bouchal Z and Dholakia K 2008 Generation of multiple Bessel beams for a biophotonics workstation Opt. Exp. 16 14024-35
91. Paterson L, Papagiakoumou E, Milne G, Garcés-Chvez V, Tatarkova S A, Sibbett W, Gunn-Moore F J, Bryant P E, Riches A C and Dholakia K 2005 Light-induced cell separation in a tailored optical landscape Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 123901
92. McLeod E and Arnold C B 2008 Subwavelength direct-write nanopatterning using optically trapped microspheres Nature Nanotechnology 3 413-7
93. Eriksen R L, Daria V R and Glückstad J 2002 Fully dynamic multiple-beam optical tweezers Opt. Exp. 10 597-602
94. Rodrigo P J, Perch-Nielsen I R, Alonzo C A and Glückstad J 2006 GPC-based optical micromanipulation in 3D real-time using a single spatial light modulator Opt. Exp. 14 13107-12
95. Dam J S, Rodrigo P J, Perch-Nielsen I R, Alonzo C A and Glückstad J 2007 Computerized 'drag-and-drop' alignment of GPC-based optical micromanipulation system Opt. Exp. 15 1923-31
96. Atkins P W and Paula J d 2006 Atkins' Physical Chemistry (Oxford: Oxford University Press)
97. Thirunamachandran T 1980 Intermolecular interaction in the presence of an intense radiation-field Mol. Phys. 40 393-9
98. Burns M M, Fournier J M and Golovchenko J A 1989 Optical binding Phys. Rev. Lett. 63 1233-6
99. Whitesides G 1990 What will chemistry do in the next 20 years Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed. Engl. 29 1209-18
100. Ng J, Lin Z F, Chan C T and Sheng P 2005 Photonic clusters formed by dielectric microspheres: numerical simulations Phys. Rev. B 72 085130
101. Milonni P W and Smith A 1996 Van der Waals dispersion forces in electromagnetic fields Phys. Rev. A 53 3484-9
102. Depasse F and Vigoureux J M 1994 Optical binding force between two Rayleigh particles J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 27 914-9
103. Milonni P W and Shih M L 1992 Source theory of the casimir force Phys. Rev. A 45 4241-53
104. Chaumet P C and Nieto-Vesperinas M 2001 Optical binding of particles with or without the presence of a flat dielectric surface Phys. Rev. B 64 035422
105. Nieto-Vesperinas M, Chaumet P C and Rahmani A 2004 Near-field photonic forces Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 362 719-37
106. Mohanty S K, Andrews J T and Gupta P K 2004 Optical binding between dielectric particles Opt. Exp. 12 2746-53
107. McGloin D, Carruthers A E, Dholakia K and Wright E M 2004 Optically bound microscopic particles in one dimension Phys. Rev. E 69 021403
108. Metzger N K, Wright E M, Sibbett W and Dholakia K 2006 Visualization of optical binding of microparticles using a femtosecond fiber optical trap Opt. Exp. 14 3677-87
109. Guillon M and Stout B 2008 Optical trapping and binding in air: Imaging and spectroscopic analysis Phys. Rev. A 77 023806
110. Marchington R F, Mazilu M, Kuriakose S, Garcés-Chvez V, Reece P J, Krauss T F, Gu M and Dholakia K 2008 Optical deflection and sorting of microparticles in a near-field optical geometry Opt. Exp. 16 3712-26
111. Andrews D L and Bradshaw D S 2004 Virtual photons, dipole fields and energy transfer: a quantum electrodynamical approach Eur. J. Phys. 25 845-58
112. Casimir H B G and Polder D 1948 The influence of retardation on the London-Van der Waals forces Phys. Rev. 73 360-72
113. Milonni P W 1994 The Quantum Vacuum: An Introduction to Quantum Electrodynamics (Boston, MA/London: Academic)
114. Andrews D L and Dvila Romero L C 2001 Conceptualization of the Casimir effect Eur. J. Phys. 22 447-51
115. Power E A 2001 Casimir-Polder potential from first principles Eur. J. Phys. 22 453-61
116. Maclay G J, Fearn H and Milonni P W 2001 Of some theoretical significance: implications of Casimir effects Eur. J. Phys. 22 463-9
117. Alligood B W and Salam A 2007 On the application of state sequence diagrams to the calculation of the Casimir-Polder potential Mol. Phys. 105 395-404
118. Capasso F, Munday J N, Iannuzzi D and Chan H B 2007 Casimir forces and quantum electrodynamical torques: physics and nanomechanics IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13 400-14
119. Altland A and Simons B 2006 Condensed Matter Field Theory (Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press)
120. Bradshaw D S and Andrews D L 2006 Optically induced forces and torques: interactions between nanoparticles in a laser beam (vol 72, 033816, 2005) Phys. Rev. A 73 039903
121. Dvila Romero L C and Andrews D L 2008 Structured Light and Its Applications: An Introduction to Phase-Structured Beams and Nanoscale Optical Forces ed D L Andrews (Burlington. MA: Academic) pp 79-105
122. Salam A 2006 Intermolecular interactions in a radiation field via the method of induced moments Phys. Rev. A 73 013406
123. Daniels G J, Jenkins R D, Bradshaw D S and Andrews D L 2003 Resonance energy transfer: The unified theory revisited J. Chem. Phys. 119 2264-74
124. Rodríguez J and Andrews D L 2009 Inter-particle interaction induced by broadband radiation Opt. Commun. 282 2267-9
125. Rodríguez J, Dvila Romero L C and Andrews D L 2008 Optical binding in nanoparticle assembly: Potential energy landscapes Phys. Rev. A 78 043805
126. Andrews D L and Bradshaw D S 2005 Laser-induced forces between carbon nanotubes Opt. Lett. 30 783-5
127. Guo L, Liang J, Dong S, Xu Z and Zhao Q 2004 Property of carbon nanotube tip for surface topography characterization Appl. Surf. Sci. 228 53-6
128. Grzegorczyk T M, Kemp B A and Kong J A 2006 Stable optical trapping based on optical binding forces Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 113903
129. Grzegorczyk T M, Kemp B A and Kong J A 2006 Trapping and binding of an arbitrary number of cylindrical particles in an in-plane electromagnetic field J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 23 2324-30
130. Andrews D L and Allcock P 2002 Optical Harmonics in Molecular Systems (Weinheim/Great Britain: Wiley-VCH)
131. Chen F, Klimchitskaya G L, Mostepanenko V M and Mohideen U 2007 Demonstration of optically modulated dispersion forces Opt. Exp. 15 4823-9
132. Deniz A A, Mukhopadhyay S and Lemke E A 2008 Single-molecule biophysics: at the interface of biology, physics and chemistry J. R. Soc. Interface 5 15-45
133. Karsek V, Brzobohat O and Zemnek P 2009 Longitudinal optical binding of several spherical particles studied by the coupled dipole method J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 11 034009
134. Karsek V, Dholakia K and Zemnek P 2006 Analysis of optical binding in one dimension Appl. Phys. B 84 149-56
135. Metzger N K, Dholakia K and Wright E M 2006 Observation of bistability and hysteresis in optical binding of two dielectric spheres Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 068102
136. Rodríguez J, Dvila Romero L C and Andrews D L 2007 Optically induced potential energy landscapes J. Nanophotonics 1 019503
137. Pedraza A J, Fowlkes J D, Blom D A and Meyer H M 2002 Laser-induced nanoparticle ordering J. Mater. Res. 17 2815-22
138. Andrews D L and Rodríguez J 2008 Collapse of optical binding under secondary irradiation Opt. Lett. 33 1830-2
139. Dvila Romero L C, Rodríguez J and Andrews D L 2008 Electrodynamic mechanism and array stability in optical binding Opt. Commun. 281 865-70
140. Mohanty S and Mohanty K 2007 Single fiber optical tweezers for manipulation of microscopic objects Conference on Imaging, Manipulation, and Analysis of Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues V ed D L Farkas et al (San Jose, CA: SPIE-Int Soc Optical Engineering) p 644116
141. Guillon M 2006 Field enhancement in a chain of optically bound dipoles Opt. Exp. 14 3045-55
142. Andrews D L 2008 Structured Light and Its Applications: An Introduction to Phase-Structured Beams and Nanoscale Optical Forces (Burlington, MA: Academic)
143. Bradshaw D S and Andrews D L 2005 Interactions between spherical nanoparticles optically trapped in Laguerre-Gaussian modes Opt. Lett. 30 3039-41
144. Bradshaw D S and Andrews D L 2005 Optical forces between dielectric nanoparticles in an optical vortex Nanomanipulation with Light ed D L Andrews (San José, CA, USA: SPIE) pp 87-95
145. Bradshaw D S and Andrews D L 2006 Optical ordering of nanoparticles trapped by Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes Nanomanipulation with Light II ed D L Andrews (San José, CA, USA: SPIE) pp G1310-G1310
146. Allen L, Padgett M J and Babiker M 1999 The orbital angular momentum of light Prog. Opt. 39 291-372
147. Svedberg F, Li Z P, Xu H X and Käll M 2006 Creating hot nanoparticle pairs for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy through optical manipulation Nano Lett. 6 2639-41
148. Dienerowitz M, Mazilu M, Reece P J, Krauss T F and Dholakia K 2008 Optical vortex trap for resonant confinement of metal nanoparticles Opt. Exp. 16 4991-9
149. Carter A R, Babiker M, Al-Amri M and Andrews D L 2006 Generation of microscale current loops, atom rings, and cubic clusters using twisted optical molasses Phys. Rev. A 73 021401 (R)
150. O'Dell D, Giovanazzi S, Kurizki G and Akulin V M 2000 Bose-Einstein condensates with 1/r interatomic attraction: electromagnetically induced 'gravity' Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 5687-90
151. Purcell E M and Pennypacker C R 1973 Scattering and absorption of light by nonspherical dielectric grains Astrophys. J. 186 705-14
152. Draine B T and Flatau P J 1994 Discrete-dipole approximation for scattering calculations J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 11 1491-9
153. Karsek V, imr T, Brzobohat O, Zemnek P, Garcés-Chvez V and Dholakia K 2008 Long-range one-dimensional longitudinal optical binding Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 143601
154. Xu Y-l 1995 Electromagnetic scattering by an aggregate of spheres Appl. Opt. 34 4573-88
155. Taylor J M, Wong L Y, Bain C D and Love G D 2008 Emergent properties in optically bound matter Opt. Exp. 16 6921-9
156. Dorsel A, McCullen J D, Meystre P, Vignes E and Walther H 1983 Optical bistability and mirror confinement induced by radiation pressure Phys. Rev. Lett. 51 1550-3
157. Metzger N K, Wright E M and Dholakia K 2006 Theory and simulation of the bistable behaviour of optically bound particles in the Mie size regime New J. Phys. 8 139
158. Metzger N K, Marchington R F, Mazilu M, Smith R L, Dholakia K and Wright E M 2007 Measurement of the restoring forces acting on two optically bound particles from normal mode correlations Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 068102
159. Meiners J C and Quake S R 1999 Direct measurement of hydrodynamic cross correlations between two particles in an external potential Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 2211-4
160. Bartlett P, Henderson S I and Mitchell S J 2001 Measurement of the hydrodynamic forces between two polymer-coated spheres Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 359 883-93
161. Gherardi D M, Carruthers A E, imr T, Wright E M and Dholakia K 2008 A dual beam photonic crystal fiber trap for microscopic particles Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 041110
162. Mellor C D and Bain C D 2006 Array formation in evanescent waves Chemphyschem 7 329-32
163. Mellor C D, Fennerty T A and Bain C D 2006 Polarization effects in optically bound particle arrays Opt. Exp. 14 10079-88
164. Reece P J, Wright E M and Dholakia K 2007 Experimental observation of modulation instability and optical spatial soliton arrays in soft condensed matter Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 203902
165. Ashkin A, Dziedzic J M and Smith P W 1982 Continuous-wave self-focusing and self-trapping of light in artificial Kerr media Opt. Lett. 7 276-8
166. Conti C, Ruocco G and Trillo S 2005 Optical spatial solitons in soft matter Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 183902