The endexine: A frequently overlooked pollen wall layer and a simple method for detection

Grana

Volumn 49, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 83-90

  Weber, Martina ^a   Ulrich, Silvia ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

Author keywords

Potassium permanganate; Staining; Transmission electron microscopy; Ultrastructure

Indexed keywords

DETECTION METHOD; POLLEN; POTASSIUM; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; ULTRASTRUCTURE;

EID: 77952576899     PISSN: 00173134     EISSN: 16512049     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00173131003743949     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Adler, W., Oswald, K. & Fischer, R. (1994). Exkursionsflora von Österreich. Stuttgart, Wien: Eugen Ulmer.
2. Anger, E. M. & Weber, M. (2006). Pollen-wall formation in Arum alpinum. Annals of Botany, 97, 239-244.
3. Crane, P. R. (1985). Phylogenetic analysis of seed plants and the origin of angiosperms. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 72, 716-793.
4. Diethart, B., Sam, S. & Weber, M. (2007). Walls of allergenic pollen: special reference to the endexine. Grana, 46, 1-13.
5. Doyle, J. A. (2005). Early evolution of angiosperm pollen as inferred from molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses. Grana, 44, 227-251.
6. Doyle, J. A., Van Campo, M. & Lugardon, B. (1975).Observations on exine structure of Eucommiidites and Lower Cretaceous angiosperm pollen. Pollen et Spores, 17, 429-484.
7. Doyle, J. A. & Walker, J. W. (1975). The bases of angiosperm phylogeny: palynology. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 62, 664-723.
8. Fægri, K. & Iverson, J. (1989). Textbook of pollen analysis.Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.Gabarayeva, N. (1995). Pollen wall and tapetum development in Anaxagorea brevipes (Annonaceae): sporoderm substructure, cytoskeleton, sporopollenin precursor particles, and the endexine problem. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 85, 123-152.
9. Grayum, M. H. (1992). Comparative external pollen ultrastructure of the Araceae and putatively related taxa. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden, 43, 1-167.
10. Guédès, M. (1982). Exine stratification, ektexine structure and angiosperm evolution. Grana, 21, 161-170.
11. Hayat, M. A. (2000). Principles and techniques of electron microscopy: Biological applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Heslop-Harrison, J. (1968a). Pollen wall development. Science, 161, 230-237.
12. Heslop-Harrison, J. (1968b). Tapetal origin of pollen coat substances in Lilium. New Phytologist, 67, 779-786.
13. Heslop-Harrison, J., Heslop-Harrison, Y., Knox, R. B. & Howlett, B. (1973). Pollen-wall proteins: 'gametophytic' and 'sporophytic' fractions in the pollen walls of the Malvaceae. Annals of Botany, 37, 403-412.
14. Hesse, M. (2002). The uniquely designed pollen aperture in Lasioideae (Araceae). Aroideana, 25, 51-59.
15. Hesse, M., Halbritter, H., Zetter, R., Weber, M., Buchner, R., Frosch-Radivo, A. & Ulrich, S. (2009). Pollen terminology. An illustrated handbook. Wien, New York: Springer.
16. Jérémie, J., Lobreau-Callen, D. & Suarez-Cervera, M. (1990). Un pollen à endexine lamellaire chez une angiosperme: Utricularia alpina Jacq. (Lentibulariaceae). Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris, 310, Série II, 1005-1010.
17. Kurmann, M. H. (1990). Development of the pollen wall in Tsuga canadensis (Pinaceae). Nordic Journal of Botany, 10, 63-78.
18. Kurmann, M. H. (1994). Pollen morphology and ultrastructurein the Cupressaceae. Acta Botanica Gallica, 141, 141-147.
19. Mohl, H. (1834). Über den Bau und die Formen der Pollenkörner. Beiträge zur Anatomie und Physiologie der Gewächse. Erstes Heft. Bern: Chr. Fischer und Comp.
20. Praglowski, J. (1974). Magnoliaceae Juss. World Pollen SporeFlora, 3, 1-45.
21. Rowley, J. R. (1988). Substructure within the endexine, an interpretation. Journal of Palynology, 24, 29-42.
22. Rowley, J. R. (1995). Are the endexines of pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms structurally equivalent? Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 85, 13-34.
23. Rowley, J. R. & Dahl, A. O. (1977). Pollen development in Artemisia vulgaris with special reference to glycocalyx material. Pollen et Spores, 19, 169-284.
24. Simpson, M. G. (1983). Pollen ultrastructure of the Haemodoraceae and its taxonomic significance. Grana, 22, 79-103.
25. Spurr, A. R. (1969). A low-viscosity epoxy resin embedding medium for electron microscopy. Journal of Ultrastructure Research, 26, 31-43.
26. Takahashi, M. (1995). Development of structure-less pollen wall in Ceratophyllum demersum L. (Ceratophyllaceae). Journal of Plant Research, 108, 205-208.
27. Takahashi, M. & Skvarla, J. J. (1990). Pollen development in Oenothera biennis (Onagraceae). American Journal of Botany, 77, 1142-1148.
28. Taylor, M. L. & Osborn, J. M. (2006). Pollen ontogeny in Brasenia (Cabombaceae, Nympheales). American Journal of Botany, 93, 344-356.
29. Thiéry, J. P. (1967). Mise en évidence des polysaccharides sur coupes fines en microscope électronique. Journal of Microscopy, 6, 987-1018.
30. Ulrich, S. (2006). Pollenmorphologie und Ultrastruktur ausgewählterLamianae. Vienna: University Vienna. Unpublished diploma ('master') thesis.
31. Walker, J. W. (1976). Evolutionary significance of the exine in the pollen of primitive angiosperms. In I. K. Ferguson, J. Muller (Eds), The evolutionary significance of the exine (pp. 251-308). London: Academic Press.
32. Weber, M. (1992). Nature and distribution of the exine-held material in mature pollen grains of Apium nodiflorum L. (Apiaceae). Grana, 31, 17-24.
33. Weber, M. (1996). The existence of a special exine coating in Geranium robertianum pollen. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 157, 195-202.
34. Weber, M. & Frosch, A. (1995). The development of the transmitting tract in the pistil of Haquetia epipactis (Apiaceae).International Journal of Plant Sciences, 156, 615-621.
35. Weber, M., Halbritter, H. & Hesse, M. (1998). The spiny pollen wall in Sauromatum (Araceae) with special reference to the endexine. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 159, 744-749.
36. Weber, M., Halbritter, H. & Hesse, M. (1999). The basic pollen wall types in Araceae. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 160, 415-423.
37. Wodehouse, R. (1935). Pollen grains. Their structure, identification and significance in science and medicine. New York, London: McGraw-Hill.
38. Xu, F.-X. & Kirchoff, B. K. (2008). Pollen morphology and ultrastructure of selected species of Magnoliaceae. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 150, 140-153.
39. Zavada, M. S. (1983). Comparative morphology of monocot pollen and evolutionary trends of apertures and wall structures. Botanical Review, 49, 331-379.