메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 116, Issue 10, 2010, Pages 2290-2300

Central nervous system prophylaxis in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Current and emerging therapies

Author keywords

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia; Central nervous system prophylaxis; Cytarabine; Intrathecal chemotherapy; Liposomal cytarabine; Methotrexate

Indexed keywords

CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYTARABINE; DEXAMETHASONE; DOXORUBICIN; METHOTREXATE; VINCRISTINE; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT;

EID: 77952566967     PISSN: 0008543X     EISSN: 10970142     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25008     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (87)

References (92)
  • 2
    • 0002642932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of leukemia: Overview of patterns of occurrence
    • Henderson ES, Sister TA, Greaves MF, eds. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Company
    • Groves FD, Linet MS, Devesa SS. Epidemiology of leukemia: overview of patterns of occurrence. In: Henderson ES, Sister TA, Greaves MF, eds. Leukemia. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Company; 1996:145-159.
    • (1996) Leukemia , pp. 145-159
    • Groves, F.D.1    Linet, M.S.2    Devesa, S.S.3
  • 3
    • 13544274012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In utero origins of childhood leukaemia
    • Greaves M. In utero origins of childhood leukaemia. Early Hum Dev. 2005;81:123-129.
    • (2005) Early Hum Dev , vol.81 , pp. 123-129
    • Greaves, M.1
  • 5
    • 0023554103 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma: Expression of an activated c-myc oncogene causes the tumorigenic conversion of EBV-infected human B lymphoblasts
    • DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90556-3
    • Lombardi L, Newcomb EW, Dalla-Favera R. Pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma: expression of an activated c-myc oncogene causes the tumorigenic conversion of EBV-infected human B lymphoblasts. Cell. 1987;49:161-170. (Pubitemid 18089603)
    • (1987) Cell , vol.49 , Issue.2 , pp. 161-170
    • Lombardi, L.1    Newcomb, E.W.2    Dalla-Favera, R.3
  • 6
    • 33646168564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in older patients
    • Larson RA. Management of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in older patients. Semin Hematol. 2006;43:126-133.
    • (2006) Semin Hematol , vol.43 , pp. 126-133
    • Larson, R.A.1
  • 8
    • 0014830378 scopus 로고
    • The increasing incidence of central nervous system leukemia in children
    • Evans AE, Gilbert ES, Zandstra R. The increasing incidence of central nervous system leukemia in children. Cancer. 1970;26:404-409.
    • (1970) Cancer , vol.26 , pp. 404-409
    • Evans, A.E.1    Gilbert, E.S.2    Zandstra, R.3
  • 9
    • 0022263614 scopus 로고
    • Prophylaxis and treatment of leukemia in the central nervous system and other sactuaries
    • Bleyer WA, Poplack DG. Prophylaxis and treatment of leukemia in the central nervous system and other sanctuaries. Semin Oncol. 1985;12:131-148. (Pubitemid 15065137)
    • (1985) Seminars in Oncology , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 131-148
    • Bleyer, W.A.1    Poplack, D.G.2
  • 10
    • 9044226139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uniform approach to risk classification and treatment assignment for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
    • Smith M, Arthur D, Camitta B, et al. Uniform approach to risk classification and treatment assignment for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 1996; 14:18-24.
    • (1996) J Clin Oncol , vol.14 , pp. 18-24
    • Smith, M.1    Arthur, D.2    Camitta, B.3
  • 11
    • 0036464595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-delayed intensification improves event free survival for children with intermediate risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the Children's Cancer Group
    • Lange B, Bostrom B, Cherlow JM, et al. Double-delayed intensification improves event free survival for children with intermediate risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Cancer Group. Blood. 2002;99:825-833.
    • (2002) Blood , vol.99 , pp. 825-833
    • Lange, B.1    Bostrom, B.2    Cherlow, J.M.3
  • 12
    • 0038811747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensification of therapy for children with lower-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Long-term follow-up of patients treated on Children's Cancer Group Trial 1881
    • Children's Cancer Group/Children's Oncology Group
    • Hutchinson RJ, Gaynon PS, Sather H, et al. Children's Cancer Group/Children's Oncology Group. Intensification of therapy for children with lower-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: long-term follow-up of patients treated on Children's Cancer Group Trial 1881. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21: 1790-1797.
    • (2003) J Clin Oncol , vol.21 , pp. 1790-1797
    • Hutchinson, R.J.1    Gaynon, P.S.2    Sather, H.3
  • 13
    • 34250771840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Prophylaxis and treatment
    • serial online
    • Pui C-H. Central nervous system disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: prophylaxis and treatment [serial online]. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2006:142-146.
    • (2006) Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program , pp. 142-146
    • Pui, C.-H.1
  • 14
    • 0037364547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in outcome in adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A consequence of better regimens? Better doctors? Both?
    • Schiffer CA. Differences in outcome in adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a consequence of better regimens? Better doctors? Both? J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:760-761.
    • (2003) J Clin Oncol , vol.21 , pp. 760-761
    • Schiffer, C.A.1
  • 15
    • 41949098006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early postinduction intensification therapy improves survival for children and adolescents with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
    • Seibel NL, Steinherz PG, Sather HN, et al. Early postinduction intensification therapy improves survival for children and adolescents with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Blood. 2008;111:2548-2555.
    • (2008) Blood , vol.111 , pp. 2548-2555
    • Seibel, N.L.1    Steinherz, P.G.2    Sather, H.N.3
  • 16
    • 33745964354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system involvement in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia at diagnosis: Results from the international ALL trial MRC UKALL-XII/ECOG E2993
    • Medical Research Council (MRC)/National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Adult Leukaemia Working Party of the United Kingdom and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
    • Lazarus HM, Richards SM, Chopra R, et al. Medical Research Council (MRC)/National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Adult Leukaemia Working Party of the United Kingdom and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Central nervous system involvement in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia at diagnosis: results from the international ALL trial MRC UKALL-XII/ECOG E2993. Blood. 2006; 108:465-472.
    • (2006) Blood , vol.108 , pp. 465-472
    • Lazarus, H.M.1    Richards, S.M.2    Chopra, R.3
  • 17
    • 47249115216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system involvement in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia at diagnosis and/or first relapse: Results from the GET-LALA Group
    • GET-LALA Group
    • Reman O, Pigneux A, Huguet F, et al. GET-LALA Group. Central nervous system involvement in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia at diagnosis and/or first relapse: results from the GET-LALA Group. Leuk Res. 2008;32:1741-1750.
    • (2008) Leuk Res , vol.32 , pp. 1741-1750
    • Reman, O.1    Pigneux, A.2    Huguet, F.3
  • 18
    • 19944428085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High incidence of occult leptomeningeal disease detected by flow cytometry in newly diagnosed aggressive B-cell lymphomas at risk for central nervous system involvement: The role of flow cytometry versus cytology
    • Hedge U, Filie A, Little RF, et al. High incidence of occult leptomeningeal disease detected by flow cytometry in newly diagnosed aggressive B-cell lymphomas at risk for central nervous system involvement: the role of flow cytometry versus cytology. Blood. 2005;105:496-502.
    • (2005) Blood , vol.105 , pp. 496-502
    • Hedge, U.1    Filie, A.2    Little, R.F.3
  • 19
    • 0018901150 scopus 로고
    • Combination chemotherapy of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia with randomized central nervous system prophylaxis
    • Omura GA, Moffitt S, Vogler WR, Salter MM. Combination chemotherapy of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia with randomized central nervous system prophylaxis. Blood. 1980;55:199-204. (Pubitemid 10161191)
    • (1980) Blood , vol.55 , Issue.2 , pp. 199-204
    • Omura, G.A.1    Moffitt, S.2    Vogler, W.R.3    Salter, M.M.4
  • 21
    • 33746543641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neoplastic meningitis
    • Chamberlain MC. Neoplastic meningitis. Neurologist. 2006;12:179-187.
    • (2006) Neurologist , vol.12 , pp. 179-187
    • Chamberlain, M.C.1
  • 22
    • 39049176795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lymphomatous meningitis in primary central nervous system lymphoma
    • serial online
    • Chamberlain MC. Lymphomatous meningitis in primary central nervous system lymphoma [serial online]. Neurosurg Focus. 2006;21:E6.
    • (2006) Neurosurg Focus , vol.21
    • Chamberlain, M.C.1
  • 23
    • 0020040396 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and treatment of leptomeningeal metastases from solid tumors
    • Wasserstrom WR, Glass JP, Posner JB. Diagnosis and treatment of leptomeningeal metastases from solid tumors. Cancer. 1982;49:759-772.
    • (1982) Cancer , vol.49 , pp. 759-772
    • Wasserstrom, W.R.1    Glass, J.P.2    Posner, J.B.3
  • 25
    • 33846869976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of 609 adults after relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): An MRC UKALL 12/ECOG 2993 study
    • Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
    • Fielding AK, Richards SM, Chopra R, et al. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Outcome of 609 adults after relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): an MRC UKALL 12/ECOG 2993 study. Blood. 2007;109: 944-950.
    • (2007) Blood , vol.109 , pp. 944-950
    • Fielding, A.K.1    Richards, S.M.2    Chopra, R.3
  • 26
    • 33745192655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system recurrence in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Frequency and prognosis in 467 patients without cranial irradiation for prophylaxis
    • Programa para el Estudio y Tratamiento de Hemopatias Malignas Group
    • Sancho JM, Ribera JM, Oriol A, et al. Programa para el Estudio y Tratamiento de Hemopatias Malignas Group. Central nervous system recurrence in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: frequency and prognosis in 467 patients without cranial irradiation for prophylaxis. Cancer. 2006;106:2540-2546.
    • (2006) Cancer , vol.106 , pp. 2540-2546
    • Sancho, J.M.1    Ribera, J.M.2    Oriol, A.3
  • 27
    • 27644539384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leukemic and lymphomatous meningitis: Incidence, Prognosis and treatment
    • DOI 10.1007/s11060-004-8100-y
    • Chamberlain MC, Nolan C, Abrey LE. Leukemic and lymphomatous meningitis: incidence, prognosis and treatment. J Neuro-Oncol. 2005;75:71-83. (Pubitemid 41548680)
    • (2005) Journal of Neuro-Oncology , vol.75 , Issue.1 , pp. 71-83
    • Chamberlain, M.C.1    Nolan, C.2    Abrey, L.E.3
  • 28
    • 0029135378 scopus 로고
    • The value of high-dose systemic chemotherapy and intrathecal therapy for central nervous system prophylaxis in different risk groups of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia
    • Cortes J, O'Brien SM, Pierce S, Keating MJ, Freireich EJ, Kantarjian HM. The value of high-dose systemic chemotherapy and intrathecal therapy for central nervous system prophylaxis in different risk groups of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 1995;86:2091-2097.
    • (1995) Blood , vol.86 , pp. 2091-2097
    • Cortes, J.1    O'Brien, S.M.2    Pierce, S.3    Keating, M.J.4    Freireich, E.J.5    Kantarjian, H.M.6
  • 29
    • 0035096476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system involvement in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia
    • DOI 10.1016/S0889-8588(05)70203-3
    • Cortes J. Central nervous system involvement in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2001;15:145-162. (Pubitemid 32201871)
    • (2001) Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 145-162
    • Cortes, J.1
  • 30
    • 77952730516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system involvement in adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: Retrospective analysis from the Northern Italy Leukaemia Group (NILG) on 687 total patients (1979-2004)
    • Abstract 0418 Presented at the
    • Bassan R, Gatta G, Tondini C, Willemze R. Central nervous system involvement in adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: retrospective analysis from the Northern Italy Leukaemia Group (NILG) on 687 total patients (1979-2004). Abstract 0418. Presented at the 10th Congress of the European Hematology Association, Stockholm, Sweden, June 2-5, 2005.
    • 10th Congress of the European Hematology Association, Stockholm, Sweden, June 2-5, 2005
    • Bassan, R.1    Gatta, G.2    Tondini, C.3    Willemze, R.4
  • 31
    • 0023698749 scopus 로고
    • Identification of risk groups for development of central nervous system leukemia in adults with acute lymphocytic leukemia
    • Kantarjian HM, Walters RS, Smith TL, et al. Identification of risk groups for development of central nervous system leukemia in adults with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 1988;72:1784-1789.
    • (1988) Blood , vol.72 , pp. 1784-1789
    • Kantarjian, H.M.1    Walters, R.S.2    Smith, T.L.3
  • 32
    • 34147135183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Karyotype is an independent prognostic factor in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): Analysis of cytogenetic data from patients treated on the Medical Research Council (MRC) UKALLXII/Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 2993 trial
    • Adult Leukaemia Working Party, Medical Research Council/National Cancer Research Institute
    • Moorman AV, Harrison CJ, Buck GA, et al. Adult Leukaemia Working Party, Medical Research Council/National Cancer Research Institute. Karyotype is an independent prognostic factor in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): analysis of cytogenetic data from patients treated on the Medical Research Council (MRC) UKALLXII/Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 2993 trial. Blood. 2007;109:3189-3197.
    • (2007) Blood , vol.109 , pp. 3189-3197
    • Moorman, A.V.1    Harrison, C.J.2    Buck, G.A.3
  • 33
    • 38349039782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children with hyperdiploid but not triple trisomy (+4, +10, +17) acute lymphoblastic leukemia have an increased incidence of extramedullary relapse on current therapies: A single institution experience
    • Sharathkumar A, DeCamillo D, Bhambhani K, et al. Children with hyperdiploid but not triple trisomy (+4, +10, +17) acute lymphoblastic leukemia have an increased incidence of extramedullary relapse on current therapies: a single institution experience. Am J Hematol. 2008;83:34-40.
    • (2008) Am J Hematol , vol.83 , pp. 34-40
    • Sharathkumar, A.1    DeCamillo, D.2    Bhambhani, K.3
  • 34
    • 0027240104 scopus 로고
    • Low leukocyte counts with blast cells in cerebrospinal fluid of children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia
    • Mahmoud HH, Rivera GK, Hancock ML, et al. Low leukocyte counts with blast cells in cerebrospinal fluid of children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:314-319.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , pp. 314-319
    • Mahmoud, H.H.1    Rivera, G.K.2    Hancock, M.L.3
  • 35
    • 0037440152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward optimal central nervous system-directed treatment in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
    • Pui C-H. Toward optimal central nervous system-directed treatment in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:179-181.
    • (2003) J Clin Oncol , vol.21 , pp. 179-181
    • Pui, C.-H.1
  • 36
    • 0015929884 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Effect of " prophylactic" therapy against central nervous system leukemia
    • Medical Research Council by the Leukemia Committee and the Working Party on Leukemia in Childhood
    • Medical Research Council by the Leukemia Committee and the Working Party on Leukemia in Childhood. Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: effect of "prophylactic" therapy against central nervous system leukemia. BMJ. 1973;2:381-384.
    • (1973) BMJ , vol.2 , pp. 381-384
  • 37
    • 0028984835 scopus 로고
    • An intensive re-treatment protocol for children with an isolated CNS relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
    • Ribeiro RC, Rivera GK, Hudson M, et al. An intensive re-treatment protocol for children with an isolated CNS relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 1995;13:333-338.
    • (1995) J Clin Oncol , vol.13 , pp. 333-338
    • Ribeiro, R.C.1    Rivera, G.K.2    Hudson, M.3
  • 38
    • 0032793986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved survival of children with isolated CNS relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A Pediatric Oncology Group study
    • Ritchey AK, Pollock BH, Lauer SJ, Andejeski Y, Barredo J, Buchanan GR. Improved survival of children with isolated CNS relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Pediatric Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17:3745-3752.
    • (1999) J Clin Oncol , vol.17 , pp. 3745-3752
    • Ritchey, A.K.1    Pollock, B.H.2    Lauer, S.J.3    Andejeski, Y.4    Barredo, J.5    Buchanan, G.R.6
  • 39
    • 0015449839 scopus 로고
    • "Total therapy" studies of acute lymphocytic leukemia in children: Current results and prospects for care
    • Simone J, Aur RJA, Hustu HO, Pinkel D. "Total therapy" studies of acute lymphocytic leukemia in children: current results and prospects for care. Cancer. 1972;30:1488-1494.
    • (1972) Cancer , vol.30 , pp. 1488-1494
    • Simone, J.1    Aur, R.J.A.2    Hustu, H.O.3    Pinkel, D.4
  • 40
    • 0025837769 scopus 로고
    • Risk of adverse events in children completing treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: St. Jude total therapy studies VIII, IX, X
    • Pui C-H, Dodge RK, Look AT, et al. Risk of adverse events in children completing treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: St. Jude total therapy studies VIII, IX, X. J Clin Oncol. 1991;9:1341-1347.
    • (1991) J Clin Oncol , vol.9 , pp. 1341-1347
    • Pui, C.-H.1    Dodge, R.K.2    Look, A.T.3
  • 41
    • 2342501796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of craniospinal irradiation in adults with a central nervous system recurrence of leukemia
    • Sanders KE, Ha CS, Cortes-Franco JE, Koller CA, Kantarjian HM, Cox JD. The role of craniospinal irradiation in adults with a central nervous system recurrence of leukemia. Cancer. 2004;100:2176-2180.
    • (2004) Cancer , vol.100 , pp. 2176-2180
    • Sanders, K.E.1    Ha, C.S.2    Cortes-Franco, J.E.3    Koller, C.A.4    Kantarjian, H.M.5    Cox, J.D.6
  • 42
    • 0041623001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extended follow-up of long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
    • Pui C-H, Cheng C, Leung W, et al. Extended follow-up of long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:640-649.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.349 , pp. 640-649
    • Pui, C.-H.1    Cheng, C.2    Leung, W.3
  • 43
    • 0024424869 scopus 로고
    • Marriage and divorce after childhood and adolescent cancer
    • Byrne J, Fears TR, Steinhorn SC, et al. Marriage and divorce after childhood and adolescent cancer. JAMA. 1989; 262:2693-2699.
    • (1989) JAMA , vol.262 , pp. 2693-2699
    • Byrne, J.1    Fears, T.R.2    Steinhorn, S.C.3
  • 44
    • 84943210288 scopus 로고
    • Educational attainment in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
    • Haupt R, Fears TR, Robison LL, et al. Educational attainment in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. JAMA. 1994;272:1427-1432.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.272 , pp. 1427-1432
    • Haupt, R.1    Fears, T.R.2    Robison, L.L.3
  • 45
    • 6344254741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive sequelae of brain radiation in adults
    • Laack NN, Brown PD. Cognitive sequelae of brain radiation in adults. Semin Oncol. 2004;31:702-713.
    • (2004) Semin Oncol , vol.31 , pp. 702-713
    • Laack, N.N.1    Brown, P.D.2
  • 46
    • 0024473867 scopus 로고
    • Minimal neuropsychological sequelae following prophylactic treatment of the central nervous system in adult leukemia and lymphoma
    • Tucker J, Prior PF, Green CR, et al. Minimal neuropsychological sequelae following prophylactic treatment of the central nervous system in adult leukemia and lymphoma. Br J Cancer. 1989;60:775-780.
    • (1989) Br J Cancer , vol.60 , pp. 775-780
    • Tucker, J.1    Prior, P.F.2    Green, C.R.3
  • 47
    • 17744400282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term results of 3 randomized trials (58831, 58832, 58881) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A CLCG-EORTC report
    • Children Leukemia Cooperative Group
    • Vilmer E, Suciu S, Ferster A, et al. Long-term results of 3 randomized trials (58831, 58832, 58881) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a CLCG-EORTC report. Children Leukemia Cooperative Group. Leukemia. 2000;14: 2257-2266.
    • (2000) Leukemia , vol.14 , pp. 2257-2266
    • Vilmer, E.1    Suciu, S.2    Ferster, A.3
  • 48
    • 0033899810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pilot studies of species-specific chemotherapy of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia using genotype and immunophenotype
    • Manera R, Ramirez I, Mullins J, Pinkel D. Pilot studies of species-specific chemotherapy of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia using genotype and immunophenotype. Leukemia. 2000;14:1354-1361. (Pubitemid 30599315)
    • (2000) Leukemia , vol.14 , Issue.8 , pp. 1354-1361
    • Manera, R.1    Ramirez, I.2    Mullins, J.3    Pinkel, D.4
  • 49
    • 0036464686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): Long-term follow-up of the GIMEMA ALL 0288 randomized study
    • GIMEMA Group
    • Annino L, Vegna ML, Camera A, et al. GIMEMA Group. Treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): long-term follow-up of the GIMEMA ALL 0288 randomized study. Blood. 2002;99:863-871.
    • (2002) Blood , vol.99 , pp. 863-871
    • Annino, L.1    Vegna, M.L.2    Camera, A.3
  • 50
    • 0033964380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of treatment with hyper-CVAD, a dose-intensive regimen, in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia
    • Kantarjian HM, O'Brien S, Smith TL, et al. Results of treatment with hyper-CVAD, a dose-intensive regimen, in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18: 547-561.
    • (2000) J Clin Oncol , vol.18 , pp. 547-561
    • Kantarjian, H.M.1    O'Brien, S.2    Smith, T.L.3
  • 51
    • 0034210549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia despite reduced use of anthracyclines and cranial radiotherapy: Results of trial ALL-BFM 90
    • German-Austrian-Swiss ALL-BFM Study Group
    • Schrappe M, Reiter A, Ludwig W-D, et al. Improved outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia despite reduced use of anthracyclines and cranial radiotherapy: results of trial ALL-BFM 90. German-Austrian-Swiss ALL-BFM Study Group. Blood. 2000;95:3310-3322.
    • (2000) Blood , vol.95 , pp. 3310-3322
    • Schrappe, M.1    Reiter, A.2    Ludwig, W.-D.3
  • 52
    • 57649106531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Augmented and standard Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster chemotherapy for treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia
    • Chang JE, Medlin SC, Kahl BS, et al. Augmented and standard Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster chemotherapy for treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 2008;49:2298-2307.
    • (2008) Leuk Lymphoma , vol.49 , pp. 2298-2307
    • Chang, J.E.1    Medlin, S.C.2    Kahl, B.S.3
  • 53
    • 0029868007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High dose methotrexate in the treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia
    • DOI 10.1007/s002770050160
    • Gokbuget N, Hoelzer D. High-dose methotrexate in the treatment of adult lymphoblastic leukemia. Ann Hematol. 1996;72:194-201. (Pubitemid 26125814)
    • (1996) Annals of Hematology , vol.72 , Issue.4 , pp. 194-201
    • Gokbuget, N.1    Hoelzer, D.2
  • 54
    • 34250182404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemotherapy delivery issues in central nervous system malignancy: A reality check
    • Muldoon LL, Soussain C, Jahnke K, et al. Chemotherapy delivery issues in central nervous system malignancy: a reality check. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:2295-2305.
    • (2007) J Clin Oncol , vol.25 , pp. 2295-2305
    • Muldoon, L.L.1    Soussain, C.2    Jahnke, K.3
  • 56
    • 0021025261 scopus 로고
    • Alteration of the pharmacokinetics of high-dose Ara-C by its metabolite, high Ara-U in patients with acute leukemia
    • Capizzi RL, Yang JL, Cheng E, et al. Alteration of the pharmacokinetics of high-dose AraC by its metabolite, high AraU in patients with acute leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 1983;1:763-771. (Pubitemid 14167250)
    • (1983) Journal of Clinical Oncology , vol.1 , Issue.12 , pp. 763-771
    • Capizzi, R.L.1    Yong, J.-L.2    Cheng, E.3
  • 58
    • 0023503165 scopus 로고
    • High-dose methotrexate: A critical reappraisal
    • Ackland SP, Schilsky RL. High-dose methotrexate: a critical reappraisal. J Clin Oncol. 1987;5:2017-2031.
    • (1987) J Clin Oncol , vol.5 , pp. 2017-2031
    • Ackland, S.P.1    Schilsky, R.L.2
  • 59
    • 10144246581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duration and intensity of maintenance chemotherapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Overview of 42 trials involving 12 000 randomised children
    • Childhood ALL Collaborative Group
    • Childhood ALL Collaborative Group. Duration and intensity of maintenance chemotherapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: overview of 42 trials involving 12 000 randomised children. Lancet. 1996;347:1783-1788.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 1783-1788
  • 60
    • 0023135866 scopus 로고
    • Differences in cerebrospinal fluid penetration of corticosteroids: Possible relationship to the prevention of meningeal leukemia
    • Balis FM, Lester CM, Chrousos GP, Heideman RL, Poplack DG. Differences in cerebrospinal fluid penetration of corticosteroids: possible relationship to the prevention of meningeal leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 1987;5:202-207.
    • (1987) J Clin Oncol , vol.5 , pp. 202-207
    • Balis, F.M.1    Lester, C.M.2    Chrousos, G.P.3    Heideman, R.L.4    Poplack, D.G.5
  • 61
    • 0038264383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dexamethasone versus prednisone and daily oral versus weekly intravenous mercaptopurine for patients with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the Children's Cancer Group
    • Children's Cancer Group
    • Bostrom BC, Sensel MR, Sather HN, et al. Children's Cancer Group. Dexamethasone versus prednisone and daily oral versus weekly intravenous mercaptopurine for patients with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Cancer Group. Blood. 2003;101:3809-3817.
    • (2003) Blood , vol.101 , pp. 3809-3817
    • Bostrom, B.C.1    Sensel, M.R.2    Sather, H.N.3
  • 62
    • 0025739294 scopus 로고
    • Lower incidence of meningeal leukemia when prednisone is replaced by dexamethasone in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia
    • Jones B, Freeman AI, Shuster JJ, et al. Lower incidence of meningeal leukemia when prednisone is replaced by dexamethasone in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1991;19:269-275.
    • (1991) Med Pediatr Oncol , vol.19 , pp. 269-275
    • Jones, B.1    Freeman, A.I.2    Shuster, J.J.3
  • 63
    • 21344451860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefit of dexamethasone compared with prednisolone for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Results of the UK Medical Research Council ALL97 randomized trial
    • Medical Research Council Childhood Leukaemia Working Party
    • Mitchell, CD, Richards SM, Kinsey SE, Lilleyman J, Vora A, Eden TO; Medical Research Council Childhood Leukaemia Working Party. Benefit of dexamethasone compared with prednisolone for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of the UK Medical Research Council ALL97 randomized trial. Br J Hematol. 2005;129:734-745.
    • (2005) Br J Hematol , vol.129 , pp. 734-745
    • Mitchell, C.D.1    Richards, S.M.2    Kinsey, S.E.3    Lilleyman, J.4    Vora, A.5    Eden, T.O.6
  • 64
    • 0036379564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system prophylaxis in hematological malignancies
    • Wellwood J, Taylor K. Central nervous system prophylaxis in hematological malignancies. Int Med J. 2002;32:252-258.
    • (2002) Int Med J , vol.32 , pp. 252-258
    • Wellwood, J.1    Taylor, K.2
  • 65
    • 33644875526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary CNS lymphoma: Is there a role for prophylaxis against lymphomatous meningitis?
    • DeAngelis L. Primary CNS lymphoma: is there a role for prophylaxis against lymphomatous meningitis? Expert Rev Neurother. 2004;4(suppl 1):S19-S21.
    • (2004) Expert Rev Neurother , vol.4 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • DeAngelis, L.1
  • 66
    • 33750633800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CNS prophylaxis in lymphoma: Who to target and what therapy to use
    • Hill QA, Owen RG. CNS prophylaxis in lymphoma: who to target and what therapy to use. Blood Rev. 2006;20:319-332.
    • (2006) Blood Rev , vol.20 , pp. 319-332
    • Hill, Q.A.1    Owen, R.G.2
  • 67
    • 0032528447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early intensification of intrathecal chemotherapy virtually eliminates central nervous system relapse in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
    • Pui C-H, Mahmoud HH, Rivera GK, et al. Early intensification of intrathecal chemotherapy virtually eliminates central nervous system relapse in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 1998;92:411-415.
    • (1998) Blood , vol.92 , pp. 411-415
    • Pui, C.-H.1    Mahmoud, H.H.2    Rivera, G.K.3
  • 68
    • 0031019713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive postremission chemotherapy without maintenance therapy in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
    • Dutch Hemato-Oncology Research Group
    • Dekker MB, van't Veer, Sizoo W, Haak HL, et al. Intensive postremission chemotherapy without maintenance therapy in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Dutch Hemato-Oncology Research Group. J Clin Oncol. 1997;15:476-482.
    • (1997) J Clin Oncol , vol.15 , pp. 476-482
    • Dekker, M.B.1    Van't Veer2    Sizoo, W.3    Haak, H.L.4
  • 69
    • 67049098987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of adults with BCR-ABL negative acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with a modified paediatric regimen
    • Storring JM, Minden MD, Kao S, et al. Treatment of adults with BCR-ABL negative acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with a modified paediatric regimen. Br J Haematol. 2009;146:76-85.
    • (2009) Br J Haematol , vol.146 , pp. 76-85
    • Storring, J.M.1    Minden, M.D.2    Kao, S.3
  • 70
    • 47849108085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What determines the outcomes for adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated on cooperative group protocols? A comparison of Children's Cancer Group and Cancer and Leukemia Group B studies
    • Children's Cancer Group; Cancer and Leukemia Group B studies
    • Stock W, La M, Sanford B, et al. Children's Cancer Group; Cancer and Leukemia Group B studies. What determines the outcomes for adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated on cooperative group protocols? A comparison of Children's Cancer Group and Cancer and Leukemia Group B studies. Blood. 2008;113:1646-1654.
    • (2008) Blood , vol.113 , pp. 1646-1654
    • Stock, W.1    La, M.2    Sanford, B.3
  • 72
    • 0018074420 scopus 로고
    • Proliferative kinetics of the leukemic cells in meningeal leukemia
    • Tsuchiya J, Moteki M, Shimano S, et al. Proliferative kinetics of the leukemic cells in meningeal leukemia. Cancer. 1978;42:1255-1262. (Pubitemid 9054588)
    • (1978) Cancer , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 1255-1262
    • Tsuchiya, J.1    Moteki, M.2    Shimano, S.3
  • 73
    • 0029102696 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of intralumbar DTC 101 for the treatment of leptomeningeal metastases
    • Chamberlain MC, Kormanik P, Howell SB, Kim S. Pharmacokinetics of intralumbar DTC 101 for the treatment of leptomeningeal metastases. Arch Neurol. 1995;52:912-917.
    • (1995) Arch Neurol , vol.52 , pp. 912-917
    • Chamberlain, M.C.1    Kormanik, P.2    Howell, S.B.3    Kim, S.4
  • 75
    • 0016803892 scopus 로고
    • Methotrexate: Distribution in cerebrospinal fluid after intravenous, ventricular and lumbar injections
    • Shapiro WR, Young DF, Mehta BM. Methotrexate: distribution in cerebrospinal fluid after intravenous, ventricular and lumbar injections. N Engl J Med. 1975;293:161-166.
    • (1975) N Engl J Med , vol.293 , pp. 161-166
    • Shapiro, W.R.1    Young, D.F.2    Mehta, B.M.3
  • 77
    • 0021881069 scopus 로고
    • Ommaya reservoirs in 387 cancer patients: A 15-year experience
    • Obbens EA, Leavens ME, Beal JW, Lee YY. Ommaya reservoirs in 387 cancer patients: a 15-year experience. Neurology. 1985;35:1274-1278.
    • (1985) Neurology , vol.35 , pp. 1274-1278
    • Obbens, E.A.1    Leavens, M.E.2    Beal, J.W.3    Lee, Y.Y.4
  • 79
    • 11844255631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics following intraventricular administration of chemotherapy in patients with neoplastic meningitis
    • DOI 10.2165/00003088-200544010-00001
    • Fleischhack G, Jaehde U, Bode U. Pharmacokinetics following intraventricular administration of chemotherapy in patients with neoplastic meningitis. Clin Pharmacokinetics. 2005;44:1-31. (Pubitemid 40096037)
    • (2005) Clinical Pharmacokinetics , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-31
    • Fleischhack, G.1    Jaehde, U.2    Bode, U.3
  • 80
    • 33645830511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemoimmunotherapy with hyper-CVAD and rituximab for the treatment of adult Burkitt and Burkitt-type lymphoma or acute lymphoblastic leukemia
    • Thomas DA, Faderl S, O'Brien S, et al. Chemoimmunotherapy with hyper-CVAD and rituximab for the treatment of adult Burkitt and Burkitt-type lymphoma or acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer. 2006;106:1569-1580.
    • (2006) Cancer , vol.106 , pp. 1569-1580
    • Thomas, D.A.1    Faderl, S.2    O'Brien, S.3
  • 81
    • 34147108337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurological complications associated with intrathecal liposomal cytarabine given prophylactically in combination with high-dose methotrexate and cytarabine to patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia
    • Jabbour E, O'Brien S, Kantarjian H, et al. Neurological complications associated with intrathecal liposomal cytarabine given prophylactically in combination with high-dose methotrexate and cytarabine to patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 2007;109:3214-3218.
    • (2007) Blood , vol.109 , pp. 3214-3218
    • Jabbour, E.1    O'Brien, S.2    Kantarjian, H.3
  • 82
    • 34548814708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurologic toxicity of intrathecal liposomal cytarabine when used for CNS prophylaxis in conjunction with the hyper-CVAD regimen [2]
    • Thomas DA, Jabbour E, Kantarjian H, O'Brien S. Neurologic toxicity of intrathecal liposomal cytarabine when used for CNS prophylaxis in conjunction with the hyper-CVAD regimen [correspondence]. Blood. 2007;110:1698-1699. (Pubitemid 47443990)
    • (2007) Blood , vol.110 , Issue.5 , pp. 1698-1699
    • Thomas, D.A.1    Jabbour, E.2    Kantarjian, H.3    O'Brien, S.4
  • 83
    • 34548838249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurologic complications associated with intrathecal liposomal cytarabine given prophylactically in combination with high-dose methotrexate and cytarabine to patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia
    • correspondence
    • Chamberlain MC, Glantz J. Neurologic complications associated with intrathecal liposomal cytarabine given prophylactically in combination with high-dose methotrexate and cytarabine to patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. [correspondence]. Blood. 2007;110:1698.
    • (2007) Blood , vol.110 , pp. 1698
    • Chamberlain, M.C.1    Glantz, J.2
  • 84
    • 34548599991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal liposomal cytarabine for prevention of meningeal disease in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia and high-grade lymphoma
    • DOI 10.1080/10428190701573232, PII 781798981
    • McClune B, Buadi FK, Aslam N, Prsepiorka D. Intrathecal liposomal cytarabine for prevention of meningeal disease in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and high-grade lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2007;9:1849-1851. (Pubitemid 47386722)
    • (2007) Leukemia and Lymphoma , vol.48 , Issue.9 , pp. 1849-1851
    • McClune, B.1    Buadi, F.K.2    Aslam, N.3    Przepiorka, D.4
  • 86
    • 55649109068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurological complications after intrathecal liposomal cytarabine application in patients after allogenic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
    • Hilgendorf I, Woff D, Junghanss C, et al. Neurological complications after intrathecal liposomal cytarabine application in patients after allogenic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Ann Hematol. 2008;87:1009-1012.
    • (2008) Ann Hematol , vol.87 , pp. 1009-1012
    • Hilgendorf, I.1    Woff, D.2    Junghanss, C.3
  • 87
    • 34548575043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward optimal use of intrathecal liposomal cytarabine
    • Pui CH. Toward optimal use of intrathecal liposomal cytarabine. Leuk Lymphoma. 2007;48:1672-1673.
    • (2007) Leuk Lymphoma , vol.48 , pp. 1672-1673
    • Ch, P.1
  • 88
    • 0038500688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis, treatment, and nursing care of acute leukemia
    • Viele CS. Diagnosis, treatment, and nursing care of acute leukemia. Semin Oncol Nurs. 2003;19:98-108.
    • (2003) Semin Oncol Nurs , vol.19 , pp. 98-108
    • Viele, C.S.1
  • 89
    • 33846059953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Older patients and newer drugs
    • serial online
    • Larson RA. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: older patients and newer drugs [serial online]. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2005:131-136.
    • (2005) Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program , pp. 131-136
    • Larson, R.A.1
  • 90
    • 0009996654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allogenic transplant (related or unrelated donor) is the preferred treatment for acute adult Philadelphia positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Results from the international ALL trial (MRC UKALLXII/ECOG E2993)
    • [abstract]. Abstract 3556
    • Goldstone AH, Prentice HG, Durrant J, et al. Allogenic transplant (related or unrelated donor) is the preferred treatment for acute adult Philadelphia positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Results from the international ALL trial (MRC UKALLXII/ECOG E2993) [abstract]. Blood. 2001;98:856a. Abstract 3556.
    • (2001) Blood , vol.98
    • Goldstone, A.H.1    Prentice, H.G.2    Durrant, J.3
  • 91
    • 0036399992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imatinib mesylate has limited activity against the central nervous system involvement of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia because of poor penetration into cerebrospinal fluid
    • Takayama N, Sato N, O'Brien SG, Ikeda Y, Okamoto S. Imatinib mesylate has limited activity against the central nervous system involvement of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia because of poor penetration into cerebrospinal fluid. Br J Haematol. 2002;119:106-108.
    • (2002) Br J Haematol , vol.119 , pp. 106-108
    • Takayama, N.1    Sato, N.2    O'Brien, S.G.3    Ikeda, Y.4    Okamoto, S.5
  • 92
    • 51649111035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dasatinib crosses the blood-brain barrier and is an efficient therapy for central nervous system Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia
    • Porkka K, Koskenvesa P, Ludan T, et al. Dasatinib crosses the blood-brain barrier and is an efficient therapy for central nervous system Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia. Blood. 2008;112:1005-1012.
    • (2008) Blood , vol.112 , pp. 1005-1012
    • Porkka, K.1    Koskenvesa, P.2    Ludan, T.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.