Traditional cultural expressions and their significance for development in a digital environment: Examples from Australia and Southeast Asia

Intellectual Property and Traditional Cultural Expressions in a Digital Environment

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 287-301

  Antons, Christoph ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG   (Australia)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 77952322418     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (27)

1. Terri Janke, Our Culture, Our Future: Report on Australian Indigenous Cultural and Intellectual Property Rights, Sydney: Michael Frankel and Company, 1998, citing the Special Rapporteur of the UN Sub-Commission on the Prevention of the Discrimination of Minorities, Erica-Irene Daes
2. Darrell A. Posey, "Can Cultural Rights Protect Traditional Cultural Knowledge and Biodiversity" in Halina Nieć (ed.), Cultural Rights and Wrongs, Paris: UNESCO and London: Institute of Art and Law, 1998, at p. 43.
3. WIPO, Intellectual Property Needs and Expectations of Traditional Knowledge Holders: Report on Fact-finding Missions on Intellectual Property and Traditional Knowledge (1998-1999), Geneva: WIPO, 2001
4. WIPO, Revised Version of Traditional Knowledge: Policy and Legal Options, WIPO/GRTKF/IC/6/4 Rev., 19 February 2004, at p. 5. See also Christoph Antons, "Traditional Knowledge and Intellectual Property Rights in Australia and Southeast Asia" in Christopher Heath and Anselm Kamperman Sanders (eds), New Frontiers of Intellectual Property Law: IP and Cultural Heritage, Geographical Indications, Enforce-ment and Overprotection, Oxford and Portland, OR: Hart, 2005, pp. 37-52, at p. 51.
5. Bahasa Indonesia was based on a particular form of Malay, called Bazaar Malay during the colonial period, which was the lingua franca for indigenous traders throughout the archipelago. A youth congress of the Indonesian independence movement adopted it in 1928 as the future national language with the slogan "Indonesia, satu bangsa, satu bahasa, satu tanah-air" ("Indonesia, one people, one language, one motherland"), see Bernhard Dahm, History of Indonesia in the Twentieth Century, London: Praeger Publishers, 1971, at p. 66.
6. In this context, Paul M. Taylor also points to the purposeful use of imported culture. See Paul M. Taylor (ed.), Fragile Traditions: Indonesian Art in Jeopardy, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1994, at pp. 2-3. However, the use of Sanskrit in the Indonesian coat of arms appears no stranger than the use of Latin in the coat of arms of the United States. What is important, however, is that it appeals to a tradition, which represents only a part, if a dominant one, of the giant Indonesian archipelago.
7. Krishna Sen and David T. Hill, Media, Culture and Politics in Indonesia, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, at pp. 174-176.
8. Erik Cohen, "From Tribal Costume to Pop Fashion: The 'Boutiquisation' of the Textiles of the Hill Tribes of Northern Thailand" in Erik Cohen, The Commercialized Crafts of Thailand: Hill Tribes and Lowland Villages, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2000, at pp. 89-98.
9. Jan Ovesen, "All Lao - Minorities in the Lao People's Democratic Republic" in Christopher R. Duncan (ed.), Civilizing the Margins: Southeast Asian Government Policies for the Development of Minorities, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2004, pp. 214-240, at pp. 225-226 and 235-236.
10. WIPO, IGC. Second Draft Report, WIPO/GRTKF/IC/8/15 Prov. 2, 5 October 2005, at pp. 26-27.
11. Willem F. Wertheim, "The Trading Minorities in South-East Asia" in Hans-Dieter Evers (ed.), Sociology of South-East Asia: Readings on Social Change and Development, Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1980.
12. Christoph Antons, "Ethnicity, Law and Development in Southeast Asia" in Frans Hüsken and Dick van der Meij (eds), Reading Asia: New Research in Asian Studies, Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 2001, pp. 3-28.
13. Charles F. Keyes, "Cultural Diversity and National Identity in Thailand" in Michael E. Brown and S ̌ umit Ganguly (eds), Government Policies and Ethnic Relations in Asia and the Pacific, Cambridge, MA and London: MIT Press, 1995, pp. 197-232, at p. 200.
14. Geoffrey Benjamin, "On Being Tribal in the Malay World" in Geoffrey Benjamin and Cynthia Chou (eds), Tribal Communities in the Malay World: Historical, Cultural and Social Perspectives, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies and Leiden: International Institute of Asian Studies, 2002, pp. 7-76, at pp. 12-15.
15. Susan Conway writing specifically on textiles makes the same distinction between "village" and "court": Susan Conway, Thai Textiles, Bangkok: River Books Press, 2001, at p. 184.
16. Peter Rebech, Fred Bosselman, Jes Bjarup, David Callies, Martin Chanock, and Hanne Petersen, The Role of Customary Law in Sustainable Development, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005; Jeffrey Sissons, First Peoples: Indigenous Cultures and Their Futures, London: Reaktion Books, 2005
17. Robyn J. Maxwell, Textiles of Southeast Asia: Tradition, Trade and Transformation, Hong Kong: Periplus Editions, 2003, at p. 402.
18. Chumpol Maniratanavongsiri, "Religion and Social Change: Ethnic Continuity and Change among the Karen in Thailand" in Don N. McCaskill and Ken Kampe (eds), Development or Domestication - Indigenous Peoples of Southeast Asia, Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books, 1997, pp. 237-267, at p. 239; Charles F. Keyes, The Golden Peninsula: Culture and Adaptation in Mainland Southeast Asia, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1995, at p. 56.
19. Vivien Johnson's accompanying essay to Vivien Johnson, Dreamings of the Desert: Aboriginal Dot Paintings of the Western Desert, Adelaide: Art Gallery of South Australia, 1996, at p. 16.
20. Sonia Smallacombe, "On Display for its Aesthetic Beauty: How Western Institutions Fabricate Knowledge about Aboriginal Cultural Heritage" in Duncan Ivison, Paul Patton, and Will Sanders (eds), Political Theory and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000, pp. 152-162, at p. 160; Peter Sutton, Native Title in Australia: An Ethnographic Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, at p. 22.
21. Kyra Landzelius, "Introduction: Native on the Net" in Kyra Landzelius (ed.), Native on the Net: Indigenous and Diasporic Peoples in the Virtual Age, London and New York: Routledge, 2007.
22. The term "syncretism" is preferred here to the frequently used terms "hybridity" or "hybrid cultures", which evoke the impression of a passive reception of cultural influences or of an artificial "breeding" process initiated from outside and do not adequately recognise the role of indigenous and local people in driving the reform and renewal of their traditions
23. Mercedes M. Dujunco, "Hybridity and Disjuncture in Mainland Chinese Popular Music" in Timothy J. Craig and Richard King (eds), Global Goes Local: Popular Culture in Asia, Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2002, pp. 25-39.
24. Anne Richter, Arts and Crafts in Indonesia, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1994, at pp. 90-91; Rens Heringa and Harmen C. Veldhuisen, Fabric of Enchantment: Batik from the North Coast of Java, Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1996.
25. Charles Zerner, "Through a Green Lens: The Construction of Customary Environmental Law and Community in Indonesia's Maluku Islands" (1994) Law and Society Review 28:5, pp. 1079-1122.
26. See The Nation, "YouTube blocked because of clip 'offensive to monarchy'"
27. April 2007; Turkish Daily News, "YouTube suspended in Turkey", 8 March 2007; The Times of India, "YouTube angers I&B with its tasteless Gandhi video", 13 January 2007