Trends in childhood leukemia in basrah, Iraq, 1993-2007

American Journal of Public Health

Volumn 100, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 1081-1087

  Hagopian, Amy ^a   Lafta, Riyadh ^b   Hassan, Jenan ^c   Davis, Scott ^a,d   Mirick, Dana ^d   Takaro, Tim ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b MUSTANSIRIYAH UNIVERSITY   (Iraq)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH   (Iraq)

^d Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center   (United States)

^e SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; AGE; ARTICLE; CHILD; FEMALE; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFANT; IRAQ; LEUKEMIA; MALE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; REGISTER; SEX DIFFERENCE; STATISTICS; WAR;

ADOLESCENT; AGE FACTORS; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INFANT; IRAQ; IRAQ WAR, 2003 -; LEUKEMIA; MALE; REGISTRIES; SEX FACTORS;

EID: 77952297243     PISSN: 00900036     EISSN: 15410048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.164236     Document Type: Review

References (34)

1. Parkin DM. Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. Geneva, Switzerland: International Agency for Research on Cancer (WHO) International Association of Cancer Registries; 2005.
2. Bunin GR. Nongenetic causes of childhood cancers: evidence from international variation, time trends, and risk factor studies. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2004:199(2): 91-103.
3. Howard SC, Metzger ML, Wilimas JA, et al. Childhood cancer epidemiology in low-income countries. Cancer. 2008:112(3):461-472.
4. Linet MS, Devesa S, Morgan GJ. The leukemias. In: Schottenfeld D, Joseph F, Fraumeni J, eds. Cancer Epidemiology and Presentían. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press; 2006:841-871.
5. Steliarova-Foucher E, Stiller C, Kaatsch P, et al. Geographical patterns and time trends of cancer incidence and survival among children and adolescents in Europe since the 1970s (the ACCIS project): an epidemiological study. Lancet. 2004:364(9451):2097-2105.
6. Linet MS, Ries LA, Smith MA, Tarone RE, Devesa SS. Cancer surveillance series: recent trends in childhood cancer incidence and mortality in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999;91(12):1051-1058.
7. Thompson JR, Gerald PF, Willoughby ML, Armstrong BK Maternal folate supplementation in pregnancy and protection against acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in childhood: a case-control study. Lancet 2001 : 358(9297):1935-1940.
8. Poole C, Greenland S, Luetters C, Kelsey JL, Mezei G. Socioeconomic status and childhood leukaemia: a review. Int J Epidemiol 2006;35(2):370-384.
9. Preston DL, Kusumi S, Tomonaga M, et al Cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors. Part III. Leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma, 1950-1987. Radiat Res 1994;137(2 suppl):S68-S97.
10. Infante-Rivard C, Olson E, Jacques L, Ayotte P. Drinking water contaminants and childhood leukemia. Epidemiology. 2001;12(1):13-19.
11. Henderson ES, Lister TA. Leukemia. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 1996.
12. Cnattingius S, Zack MM, Ekbom A, et al Prenatal and neonatal risk factors for childhood lymphatic leukemia J Natl Cancer Inst 1995;87(12):908-914.
13. Johnson KJ, Soler JT, Puumala SE, Ross JA, Spector LG. Parental and infant characteristics and childhood leukemia in Minnesota. BMC Pediatr. 2008:8:7.
14. Magnani C, Pastore G, Luzzatto I, Terracini B. Parental occupation and other environmental factors in the etiology of leukemias and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in childhood: a case-control study. Tumori 1990;76(5): 413-419.
15. Roman E, Watson A, Beral V, et al Case-control study of leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among children aged 0-4 years living in west Berkshire and north Hampshire health districts. BMJ. 1993:306(6878): 615-621.
16. Abadi-Korek I, Stark B, Zaizov R, Shaham J. Parental occupational exposure and the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in offspring in Israel. J Occup Environ Med 2006;48(2):165-174.
17. Perez-Saldivar ML, Ortega-Alvarez MC, FajardoGutierrez A, et al. Father's occupational exposure tocarcinogenic agents and childhood acute leukemia: a new method to assess exposure (a case-control study). BMC Cancer. 2008;8:7.
18. Iraq Family Health Survey Study Group, Alkhuzai AH, Ahmad IJ, et al. Violence-related mortality in Iraq from 2002 to 2006. N Engl J Med 2008:3 58(51:484-493.
19. Sadda RS. Maxillofacial war injuries during the IraqIran War: an analysis of 300 cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003;32(2):209-214.
20. Polk W. Understanding Iraq. London: I. B. Tauris; 2005.
21. Madany IM, Raveendran E. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nickel and vanadium in air particulate matter in Bahrain during the burning of oil fields in Kuwait Sci Total Environ 1992;116(3):281-289.
22. United Nations. Resolution 661(1990). Adopted by the Security Council at its 2933rd meeting on 6 August 1990. S/RES/0661 (1990). Available at httpy/www. fas.org/new/un/iraq/sres/sres0661.htm. Accessed October 26, 2009.
23. Ali MM, Shah IH. Sanctions and childhood mortality in Iraq. Lancet 2000;355(9218):1851-1857.
24. Bullman TA, Mahan CM, Rang HK, Page WF. Mortality in US Army Gulf War veterans exposed to 1991 Khamisiyah chemical munitions deshnction. Am J Public Health 2005;95(8):1382-1388.
25. Mixed messages about depleted uranium. Lancet Oncol. 2001;2(2):65.
26. Austin H, Delzell E, Cole P. Benzene and leukemia. A review of the literature and a risk assessment Am J Epidemiol 1988;127(3):419-439.
27. Maule MM, Zuccolo L, Magnani C, et al Bayesian methods for early detection of changes in childhood cancer incidence: trends for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia are consistent with an infectious aetiology. Eur J Cancer. 2006;42(1):78-83.
28. Kinlen LJ. High-contact paternal occupations, infection and childhood leukaemia: five studies of unusual poriulation-mixing of adults. Br J Cancer. 1997;76(12): 1539-1545.
29. Knox-Macaulay HHM, Brown LC Descriptive epidemiology of de novo acute leukaemia in the Sultanate of Oman. Leuk Res. 200024(7):589-594.
30. Stack M, Walsh PM, Comber H, Ryan CA, O'Lorcain P. Childhood cancer in Ireland: a population-based study. Arch Dis Child 2007;92(10):890-897.
31. Linabery AM, Ross JA. Trends in childhood cancer incidence in the US (1992-2004). Cancer. 2008; 112(2): 416-432.
32. Swaminathan R, Rama R, Shanta V. Childhood cancers in Chennai, India, 1990-2001: incidence and survival, Int J Cancer. 2008:122(11):2607-2611.
33. Petridou ET, Pourtsidis A, Dessypris N, et al. Childhood leukaemias and lymphomas in Greece (1996-2006): a nationwide registration study. Arch Dis Child. 2008;93(12):1027-1032.
34. Fajardo-Gutiérrez A, Juárez-Ocaña S, GonzálezMiranda G, et al. Incidence of cancer in children residing in ten jurisdictions of the Mexican Republic: importance of the Cancer registry (a population-based study). BMC Cancer. 2007:7:68.