Functional imaging of renal cell carcinoma

Nature Reviews Urology

Volumn 7, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 258-266

  Lawrentschuk, Nathan ^a   Davis, Ian D ^b   Bolton, Damien M ^d   Scott, Andrew M ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b Department of Medicine ^*  (United States)

^c LUDWIG INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RESEARCH   (Australia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

1 FLUORO 3 (2 NITRO 1 IMIDAZOLYL) 2 PROPANOL F 18; 3' FLUOROTHYMIDINE F 18; ACETIC ACID C 11; BEVACIZUMAB; EVEROLIMUS; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F 18; MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN INHIBITOR; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY G250; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY G250 I 124; PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR; SORAFENIB; SUNITINIB; TEMSIROLIMUS; TRACER; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; BONE METASTASIS; CANCER STAGING; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DRUG CHOICE; DRUG MONITORING; FALSE NEGATIVE RESULT; HUMAN; HYPOXIA; IMMUNOSCINTIGRAPHY; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; ISOTOPE LABELING; KIDNEY CARCINOMA; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; NEPHRECTOMY; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PATIENT MONITORING; PATIENT SELECTION; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RELIABILITY; REVIEW; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TREATMENT RESPONSE; TUMOR THROMBUS;

CARCINOMA, RENAL CELL; DECISION MAKING; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F18; HUMANS; KIDNEY NEOPLASMS; LYMPH NODES; NEOPLASM METASTASIS; NEOPLASM STAGING; POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; RADIOIMMUNODETECTION; RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 77952281491     PISSN: 17594812     EISSN: 17594820     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2010.40     Document Type: Review

References (88)

1. Hock, L. M., Lynch, J. & Balaji, K. C. Increasing incidence of all stages of kidney cancer in the last 2 decades in the United States: an analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program data. J. Urol. 167, 57-60 (2002).
2. Jemal, A. et al. Cancer statistics, 2009. CA Cancer J. Clin. 59, 225-249 (2009).
3. Marberger, M. M., Boccon-Gibod, L. & Chapple, C. R. (Eds) EAU Update Series: Renal Cell Cancer (Elsevier, Oxford, 2003).
4. Lindner, V., Lang, H. & Jacqmin, D. in EAU Update Series: Renal Cell Cancer (eds Marberger, M. M., Boccon-Gibod, L., Chapple C. R. & Jacqmin, D.) 197-208 (Elsevier, Oxford, 2003).
5. Chow, W. H., Devesa, S. S., Warren, J. L. & Fraumeni, J. F. Jr. Rising incidence of renal cell cancer in the United States. JAMA 281, 1628-1631 (1999).
6. Chow, W. H., Dong, L. M. & Devesa, S. S. Epidemiology and risk factors for kidney cancer. Nat. Rev. Urol. 7, 245-257 (2010).
7. Novick, A. C. Current surgical approaches, nephron-sparing surgery, and the role of surgery in the integrated immunologic approach to renalcell carcinoma. Semin. Oncol. 22, 29-33 (1995).
8. Pezaro, C. & Davis, I. D. Targeted therapies in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Curr. Med. Chem. 15, 1166-1174 (2008).
9. Eisenhauer, E. A. et al. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur. J. Cancer 45, 228-247 (2009).
10. Colombo, J. R. Jr et al. Seven years after laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: oncologic and renal functional outcomes. Urology 71, 1149-1154 (2008).
11. Bandi, G., Hedican, S. P. & Nakada, S. Y. Current practice patterns in the use of ablation technology for the management of small renal masses at academic centers in the United States. Urology 71, 113-117 (2008).
12. Scott, A. M. Current status of positron emission tomography in oncology. Intern. Med. J. 31, 27-36 (2001).
13. Brush, J. P. Positron emission tomography in urological malignancy. Curr. Opin. Urol. 11, 175-179 (2001).
14. Weber, W. A., Grosu, A. L. & Czernin, J. Technology Insight: advances in molecular imaging and an appraisal of PET/CT scanning. Nat. Clin. Pract. Oncol. 5, 160-170 (2008).
15. Francis, D. L. et al. In vivo imaging of cellular proliferation in colorectal cancer using positron emission tomography. Gut 52, 1602-1606 (2003).
16. Lawrentschuk, N. et al. Investigation of hypoxia and carbonic anhydrase IX expression in a renal cell carcinoma xenograft model with oxygen tension measurements and 124I-cG250 PET/CT. Urol. Oncol. doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2009.03. 028.
17. Hara, T. 18F-fluorocholine: a new oncologic PET tracer. J. Nucl. Med. 42, 1815-1817 (2001).
18. Bouchelouche, K. & Oehr, P. Recent developments in urologic oncology: positron emission tomography molecular imaging. Curr. Opin. Oncol. 20, 321-326 (2008).
19. Townsend, D. W. & Beyer, T. A combined PET/CT scanner: the path to true image fusion. Br. J. Radiol. 75, S24-S30 (2002).
20. Schmidt, G. P., Kramer, H., Reiser, M. F. & Glaser, C. Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomographycomputed tomography in oncology. Top. Magn. Reson. Imaging 18, 193-202 (2007).
21. Lau, W. F. et al. Clinical experience with the first combined positron emission tomography/ computed tomography scanner in Australia. Med. J. Aust. 182, 172-176 (2005).
22. Choi, J. Y. et al. Improved detection of second primary cancer using integrated [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography for initial tumor staging. J. Clin. Oncol. 23, 7654-7659 (2005).
23. Lawrentschuk, N., Gani, J., Rowden, R., Esler, S. & Bolton, D. Modern multidetector helical computed tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging for defining the upper limit of vena caval tumour thrombus in renal cell carcinoma. BJU Int. 96, 291-295 (2005).
24. Heidenreich, A. & Ravery, V. Preoperative imaging in renal cell cancer. World J. Urol. 22, 307-315 (2004).
25. Hicks, R. J., Ware, R. E. & Lau, E. W. PET/CT: will it change the way that we use CT in cancer imaging? Cancer Imaging 6, S52-S62 (2006).
26. Kang, D. E., White, R. L. Jr, Zuger, J. H., Sasser, H. C. & Teigland, C. M. Clinical use of fluorodeoxyglucose F 18 positron emission tomography for detection of renal cell carcinoma. J. Urol. 171, 1806-1809 (2004).
27. Lawrentschuk, N., Davis, I. D., Bolton, D. M. & Scott, A. M. Positron emission tomography (PET), immuno-PET and radioimmunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma: a developing diagnostic and therapeutic relationship. BJU Int. 97, 916-922 (2006).
28. Ramdave, S. et al. Clinical role of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for detection and management of renal cell carcinoma. J. Urol. 166, 825-830 (2001).
29. Seto, E., Segall, G. M. & Terris, M. K. Positron emission tomography detection of osseous metastases of renal cell carcinoma not identified on bone scan. Urology 55, 286 (2000).
30. Aide, N. et al. Efficiency of [(18)F]FDG PET in characterising renal cancer and detecting distant metastases: a comparison with CT. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 30, 1236-1245 (2003).
31. Peterson, J. J., Kransdorf, M. J. & O'Connor, M. I. Diagnosis of occult bone metastases: positron emission tomography. Clin. Orthop. 415 (Suppl.), S120-S128 (2003).
32. Wahl, R. L., Harney, J., Hutchins, G. & Grossman, H. B. Imaging of renal cancer using positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2- (18F)-fluoro-D-glucose: pilot animal and human studies. J. Urol. 146, 1470-1474 (1991).
33. Lai, P. et al. Detection of tumour thrombus by 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging. Eur. J. Cancer Prev. 16, 90-94 (2007).
34. Park, J. W., Jo, M. K. & Lee, H. M. Significance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography for the postoperative surveillance of advanced renal cell carcinoma. BJU Int. 103, 615-619 (2009).
35. Krege, S. et al. European Consensus Conference on Diagnosis and Treatment of Germ Cell Cancer: a report of the Second Meeting of the European Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group (EGCCCG): Part II. Eur. Urol. 53, 497-513 (2008).
36. Dilhuydy, M. S. et al. PET scans for decisionmaking in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a single-institution evaluation. Oncology 70, 339-344 (2006).
37. Safaei, A. et al. The usefulness of F-18 deoxyglucose whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) for re-staging of renal cell cancer. Clin. Nephrol. 57, 56-62 (2002).
38. Yang, J. C. et al. A randomized trial of bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody, for metastatic renal cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 349, 427-434 (2003).
39. Escudier, B. et al. Sorafenib in advanced clearcell renal-cell carcinoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 356, 125-134 (2007).
40. Motzer, R. J. et al. Sunitinib versus interferon alfa in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 356, 115-124 (2007).
41. Murdoch, D. & Sager, J. Will targeted therapy hold its promise? An evidence-based review. Curr. Opin. Oncol. 20, 104-111 (2008).
42. Wahl, R. L., Jacene, H., Kasamon, Y. & Lodge, M. A. From RECIST to PERCIST: evolving considerations for PET response criteria in solid tumors. J. Nucl. Med. 50 (Suppl. 1), 122S-150S (2009).
43. Dunphy, M. & Lewis, J. Radiopharmaceuticals in preclinical and clinical development for monitoring of therapy with PET. J. Nucl. Med. 50 (Suppl. 1), 106S-121S (2009).
44. Nagengast, W. B. et al. In vivo VEGF imaging with radiolabeled bevacizumab in a human ovarian tumor xenograft. J. Nucl. Med. 48, 1313-1319 (2007).
45. Oyama, N. et al. 11C-Acetate PET imaging for renal cell carcinoma. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 36, 422-427 (2009).
46. Maleddu, A. et al. 11C-acetate PET for early prediction of sunitinib response in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Tumori 95, 382-384 (2009).
47. Motzer, R. J. et al. Efficacy of everolimus in advanced renal cell carcinoma: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase III trial. Lancet 372, 449-456 (2008).
48. National Comprehensive Cancer Network [online], http://www.nccn.org/ professionals/ physician-gls/PDF/kidney.pdf (2009).
49. Therasse, P. et al. New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, National Cancer Institute of the United States, National Cancer Institute of Canada. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 92, 205-216 (2000). (Pubitemid 30099779)
50. Leveridge, M. J., Bostrom, P. J., Koulouris, G., Finelli, A. & Lawrentschuk, N. Imaging in renal cell carcinoma with ultrasonography, CT, and MRI-an update. Nat. Rev. Urol. (in press).
51. Vercellino, L. et al. 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging for an early assessment of response to sunitinib in metastatic renal carcinoma: preliminary study. Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. 24, 137-144 (2009).
52. Jennens, R. R., Rosenthal, M. A., Lindeman, G. J. & Michael, M. Complete radiological and metabolic response of metastatic renal cell carcinoma to SU5416 (semaxanib) in a patient with probable von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. Urol. Oncol. 22, 193-196 (2004).
53. Lyrdal, D., Boijsen, M., Suurkula, M., Lundstam, S. & Stierner, U. Evaluation of sorafenib treatment in metastatic renal cell carcinoma with 2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography. Nucl. Med. Commun. 30, 519-524 (2009).
54. Avril, N. E. & Weber, W. A. Monitoring response to treatment in patients utilizing PET. Radiol. Clin. North Am. 43, 189-204 (2005).
55. Lawrentschuk, N., Poon, A. M. & Scott, A. M. Fluorine-18 fluorothymidine: a new positron emission radioisotope for renal tumors. Clin. Nucl. Med. 31, 788-789 (2006).
56. Lee, H. J., Kim, D. I., Kwak, C., Ku, J. H. & Moon, K. C. Expression of CD24 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and its prognostic significance. Urology 72, 603-607 (2008).
57. Iwata, T. et al. Lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in conventional renal cell carcinoma: association with vascular endothelial growth factors A to D immunohistochemistry. Urology 71, 749-754 (2008).
58. Biswas, S., Kelly, J. & Eisen, T. Cytoreductive nephrectomy in metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma: perspectives in the tyrosine kinase inhibitor era. Oncologist 14, 52-59 (2009).
59. Abel, E. J. & Wood, C. G. Cytoreductive nephrectomy for metastatic RCC in the era of targeted therapy. Nat. Rev. Urol. 6, 375-383 (2009).
60. Di Lorenzo, G., Autorino, R. & Sternberg, C. N. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma: recent advances in the targeted therapy era. Eur. Urol. 56, 959-971 (2009).
61. Kwan, K. G. & Kapoor, A. Cytoreductive nephrectomy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: the evolving role of surgery in the era of molecular targeted therapy. Curr. Opin. Support. Palliat. Care 3, 157-165 (2009).
62. Ansari, J. et al. Neoadjuvant sunitinib facilitates nephron-sparing surgery and avoids long-term dialysis in a patient with metachronous contralateral renal cell carcinoma. Clin. Genitourin. Cancer 7, E39-E41 (2009).
63. Capitanio, U. et al. Cytoreductive partial nephrectomy does not undermine cancer control in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a population-based study. Urology 72, 1090-1095 (2008).
64. Hofmann, H. S., Neef, H., Krohe, K., Andreev, P. & Silber, R. E. Prognostic factors and survival after pulmonary resection of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Eur. Urol. 48, 77-81 (2005).
65. Motzer, R. J. et al. Prognostic factors for survival in previously treated patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 22, 454-463 (2004).
66. Lee, N. Y. et al. Fluorine-18-labeled fluoromisonidazole positron emission and computed tomography-guided intensitymodulated radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: a feasibility study. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 70, 2-13 (2008).
67. Wu, A. M. Antibodies and antimatter: the resurgence of immuno-PET. J. Nucl. Med. 50, 2-5 (2009).
68. Verel, I. et al. Quantitative 89Zr immuno-PET for in vivo scouting of 90Y-labeled monoclonal antibodies in xenograft-bearing nude mice. J. Nucl. Med. 44, 1663-1670 (2003).
69. Brouwers, A. et al. PET radioimmunoscintigraphy of renal cell cancer using 89Zr-labeled cG250 monoclonal antibody in nude rats. Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. 19, 155-163 (2004).
70. Lam, J. S., Pantuck, A. J., Belldegrun, A. S. & Figlin, R. A. G250: a carbonic anhydrase IX monoclonal antibody. Curr. Oncol. Rep. 7, 109-115 (2005).
71. Zuckier, L. S. & DeNardo, G. L. Trials and tribulations: oncological antibody imaging comes to the fore. Semin. Nucl. Med. 27, 10-29 (1997).
72. Divgi, C. R. et al. Preoperative characterisation of clear-cell renal carcinoma using iodine-124- labelled antibody chimeric G250 (124I-cG250) and PET in patients with renal masses: a phase I trial. Lancet Oncol. 8, 304-310 (2007).
73. Steffens, M. G. et al. In vivo and in vitro characterizations of three 99mTc-labeled monoclonal antibody G250 preparations. J. Nucl. Med. 40, 829-836 (1999).
74. Bauer, S. et al. Targeted therapy of renal cell carcinoma: synergistic activity of cG250-TNF and IFNg. Int. J. Cancer 125, 115-123 (2009).
75. Tso, C. L. et al. Induction of G250-targeted and T-cell-mediated antitumor activity against renal cell carcinoma using a chimeric fusion protein consisting of G250 and granulocyte/monocytecolony stimulating factor. Cancer Res. 61, 7925-7933 (2001).
76. Atkins, M. et al. Carbonic anhydrase IX expression predicts outcome of interleukin 2 therapy for renal cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 11, 3714-3721 (2005).
77. Majhail, N. S. et al. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the evaluation of distant metastases from renal cell carcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 21, 3995-4000 (2003).
78. Jadvar, H., Kherbache, H. M., Pinski, J. K. & Conti, P. S. Diagnostic role of [F-18]-FDG positron emission tomography in restaging renal cell carcinoma. Clin. Nephrol. 60, 395-400 (2003).
79. Chang, C. H. et al. Differentiating solitary pulmonary metastases in patients with renal cell carcinomas by 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography-a preliminary report. Urol. Int. 71, 306-309 (2003).
80. Miyakita, H. et al. Significance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for detection of renal cell carcinoma and immunohistochemical glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) expression in the cancer. Int. J. Urol. 9, 15-18 (2002).
81. Brouwers, A. H. et al. 131I-cG250 monoclonal antibody immunoscintigraphy versus [18F]FDGPET imaging in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a comparative study. Nucl. Med. Commun. 23, 229-236 (2002).
82. Montravers, F. et al. Evaluation of FDG uptake by renal malignancies (primary tumor or metastases) using a coincidence detection gamma camera. J. Nucl. Med. 41, 78-84 (2000).
83. Goldberg, M. A., Mayo-Smith, W. W., Papanicolaou, N., Fischman, A. J. & Lee, M. J. FDG PET characterization of renal masses: preliminary experience. Clin. Radiol. 52, 510-515 (1997).
84. Hoh, C. K. et al. Positron emission tomography in urological oncology. J. Urol. 159, 347-356 (1998).
85. Bachor, R. et al. Positron emission tomography in diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma [German]. Urologe A 35, 146-150 (1996).
86. Bachor, R., Kocher, F., Gropengiesser, F., Reske, S. N. & Hautmann, R. E. Positron emission tomography. Introduction of a new procedure in diagnosis of urologic tumors and initial clinical results [German]. Urologe A 34, 138-142 (1995).
87. Kocher, F. et al. Preoperative lymph node staging in patients with kidney and urinary bladder neoplasm. J. Nucl. Med. 35 (Suppl.), 223P-224P (1994).
88. Lawrentschuk, N. et al. Assessing regional hypoxia in human renal tumours using 18F-fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography. BJU Int. 96, 540-546 (2005).