메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 107, Issue 16, 2010, Pages 7184-7189

Supermassive black-hole growth over cosmic time: Active galaxy demography, physics, and ecology from Chandra surveys

Author keywords

Active galactic nuclei; Chandra X ray Observatory; Extragalactic surveys

Indexed keywords

ASTRONOMY; ATOMIC PARTICLE; COSMIC RADIATION; COSMOS; IMAGING; LUMINANCE; PHYSICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SPACE; SPECTROSCOPY; X RAY;

EID: 77952232388     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0914151107     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (43)

References (77)
  • 2
    • 0042334259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of QSOs
    • eds Aretxaga I, Kunth D, Muzica R (World Scientific, Singapore)
    • Boyle BIJ (2001) The evolution of QSOs. Advanced Lectures on the Starburst-AGN Connection, eds Aretxaga I, Kunth D, Muzica R (World Scientific, Singapore), pp 325-372.
    • (2001) Advanced Lectures on the Starburst-AGN Connection , pp. 325-372
    • Boyle, B.I.J.1
  • 3
    • 0242694720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of quasars
    • ed Ho LC (Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge,UK)
    • Osmer PS (2004) The evolution of quasars. Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies, ed Ho LC (Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge,UK), pp 324-340.
    • (2004) Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies , pp. 324-340
    • Osmer, P.S.1
  • 4
    • 0001949907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soft X-ray AGN luminosity function from ROSAT surveys. I. Cosmological evolutionandcontributiontothesoft X-ray background
    • Miyaji T, Hasinger G, Schmidt M (2000) Soft X-ray AGN luminosity function from ROSAT surveys. I. Cosmological evolutionandcontributiontothesoft X-ray background. Astron Astrophys 353:25-40.
    • (2000) Astron Astrophys , vol.353 , pp. 25-40
    • Miyaji, T.1    Hasinger, G.2    Schmidt, M.3
  • 5
    • 0033543043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • X-ray emission from the first quasars
    • Haiman Z, Loeb A (1999) X-ray emission from the first quasars. Astrophys J 521:L9-L12.
    • (1999) Astrophys J , vol.521
    • Haiman, Z.1    Loeb, A.2
  • 6
    • 10844243904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fall of active galactic nuclei and the rise of star-forming galaxies: A close look at the Chandra Deep Field X-ray number counts
    • Bauer FE, et al. (2004) The fall of active galactic nuclei and the rise of star-forming galaxies: A close look at the Chandra Deep Field X-ray number counts. Astron J 128:2048-2065.
    • (2004) Astron J , vol.128 , pp. 2048-2065
    • Bauer, F.E.1
  • 7
    • 26244443647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Luminositydependent evolution of soft X-ray selected AGN. New Chandra and XMM-Newton surveys
    • Hasinger G, Miyaji T, Schmidt M (2005) Luminositydependent evolution of soft X-ray selected AGN. New Chandra and XMM-Newton surveys. Astron Astrophys 441:417-434.
    • (2005) Astron Astrophys , vol.441 , pp. 417-434
    • Hasinger, G.1    Miyaji, T.2    Schmidt, M.3
  • 8
    • 30644467971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The HELLAS2XMM survey. VII. The hard X-ray luminosity function of AGNs up to z = 4: More absorbed AGNs at low luminosities and high redshifts
    • La Franca F, et al. (2005) The HELLAS2XMM survey. VII. The hard X-ray luminosity function of AGNs up to z = 4: More absorbed AGNs at low luminosities and high redshifts. Astrophys J 635:864-879.
    • (2005) Astrophys J , vol.635 , pp. 864-879
    • La Franca, F.1
  • 9
    • 43949105821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The luminosity function of X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei: Evolution of supermassive black holes at high redshift
    • Silverman JD, et al. (2008) The luminosity function of X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei: Evolution of supermassive black holes at high redshift. Astrophys J 679:118-139.
    • (2008) Astrophys J , vol.679 , pp. 118-139
    • Silverman, J.D.1
  • 10
    • 66649089813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The OPTX project. II. Hard X-ray luminosity functions of active galactic nuclei for z ≲ 5
    • Yencho B, Barger AJ, Trouille L, Winter LM (2009) The OPTX project. II. Hard X-ray luminosity functions of active galactic nuclei for z ≲ 5. Astrophys J 698:380-396.
    • (2009) Astrophys J , vol.698 , pp. 380-396
    • Yencho, B.1    Barger, A.J.2    Trouille, L.3    Winter, L.M.4
  • 11
    • 74549219499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of the hard X-ray luminosity function of AGN
    • Aird J, et al. (2010) The evolution of the hard X-ray luminosity function of AGN. Mon Not R Astron Soc 401:2531-2551.
    • (2010) Mon Not R Astron Soc , vol.401 , pp. 2531-2551
    • Aird, J.1
  • 12
    • 33846373277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The luminosity function of high-redshift quasi-stellar objects. A combined analysis of GOODS and SDSS
    • Fontanot F, et al. (2007) The luminosity function of high-redshift quasi-stellar objects. A combined analysis of GOODS and SDSS. Astron Astrophys 461:39-48.
    • (2007) Astron Astrophys , vol.461 , pp. 39-48
    • Fontanot, F.1
  • 13
    • 67651129361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-redshift quasars in the COSMOS survey: The space density of z > 3 X-ray selected QSOs
    • Brusa M, et al. (2009) High-redshift quasars in the COSMOS survey: The space density of z > 3 X-ray selected QSOs. Astrophys J 693:8-22.
    • (2009) Astrophys J , vol.693 , pp. 8-22
    • Brusa, M.1
  • 14
    • 85198674532 scopus 로고
    • Masses of quasars
    • Soltan A (1982) Masses of quasars. Mon Not R Astron Soc 200:115-122.
    • (1982) Mon Not R Astron Soc , vol.200 , pp. 115-122
    • Soltan, A.1
  • 16
    • 35148836744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local supermassive black holes and relics of active galactic nuclei
    • Marconi A, et al. (2006) Local supermassive black holes and relics of active galactic nuclei. Mem Soc Astron Ital 77:742-749.
    • (2006) Mem Soc Astron Ital , vol.77 , pp. 742-749
    • Marconi, A.1
  • 17
    • 48049115759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A synthesis model for AGN evolution: Supermassive black holes growth and feedback modes
    • Merloni A, Heinz S (2008) A synthesis model for AGN evolution: Supermassive black holes growth and feedback modes. Mon Not R Astron Soc 388:1011-1030.
    • (2008) Mon Not R Astron Soc , vol.388 , pp. 1011-1030
    • Merloni, A.1    Heinz, S.2
  • 18
    • 60849117937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-consistent models of the AGN and black-hole populations: Duty cycles, accretion rates, and the mean radiative efficiency
    • Shankar F, Weinberg DH, Miralda-Escudé J (2009) Self-consistent models of the AGN and black-hole populations: Duty cycles, accretion rates, and the mean radiative efficiency. Astrophys J 690:20-41.
    • (2009) Astrophys J , vol.690 , pp. 20-41
    • Shankar, F.1    Weinberg, D.H.2    Miralda-Escudé, J.3
  • 19
    • 0002375021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mass density in black holes inferred from the X-ray background
    • Fabian AC, Iwasawa K (1999) The mass density in black holes inferred from the X-ray background. Mon Not R Astron Soc 303:L34-L36.
    • (1999) Mon Not R Astron Soc , vol.303
    • Fabian, A.C.1    Iwasawa, K.2
  • 20
    • 15244348085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The unresolved hard X-ray background: The missing source population implied by the Chandra and XMM-Newton deep fields
    • Worsley MA, et al. (2005) The unresolved hard X-ray background: The missing source population implied by the Chandra and XMM-Newton deep fields. Mon Not R Astron Soc 357:1281-1287.
    • (2005) Mon Not R Astron Soc , vol.357 , pp. 1281-1287
    • Worsley, M.A.1
  • 22
    • 39049152885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiwavelength study of massive galaxies at z ≈ 2. II. Widespread Comptonthick active galactic nuclei and the concurrent growth of black holes and bulges
    • Daddi E, et al. (2007) Multiwavelength study of massive galaxies at z ≈ 2. II. Widespread Comptonthick active galactic nuclei and the concurrent growth of black holes and bulges. Astrophys J 670:173-189.
    • (2007) Astrophys J , vol.670 , pp. 173-189
    • Daddi, E.1
  • 25
    • 55849138363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliable identification of Compton-thick quasars at z ∼2: Spitzer mid-infrared spectroscopy of HDF-oMD49
    • Alexander DM, et al. (2008) Reliable identification of Compton-thick quasars at z ∼2: Spitzer mid-infrared spectroscopy of HDF-oMD49. Astrophys J 687:835-847.
    • (2008) Astrophys J , vol.687 , pp. 835-847
    • Alexander, D.M.1
  • 26
    • 40249111540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unveiling obscured accretion in the Chandra Deep Field-South
    • Fiore F, et al. (2008) Unveiling obscured accretion in the Chandra Deep Field-South. Astrophys J 672:94-101.
    • (2008) Astrophys J , vol.672 , pp. 94-101
    • Fiore, F.1
  • 27
    • 66149186353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chasing highly obscured QSOs in the COSMOS field
    • Fiore F, et al. (2009) Chasing highly obscured QSOs in the COSMOS field. Astrophys J 693:447-462.
    • (2009) Astrophys J , vol.693 , pp. 447-462
    • Fiore, F.1
  • 28
    • 70549087090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heavily obscured AGN in starforming galaxies at z ∼2
    • Treister E, et al. (2009) Heavily obscured AGN in starforming galaxies at z ∼2. Astrophys J 706:535-552.
    • (2009) Astrophys J , vol.706 , pp. 535-552
    • Treister, E.1
  • 29
    • 15244356224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How are AGN found?
    • ed Barger AJ (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands)
    • Mushotzky RF (2004) How are AGN found? Supermassive Black Holes in the Distant Universe, ed Barger AJ (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands), pp 53-88.
    • (2004) Supermassive Black Holes in the Distant Universe , pp. 53-88
    • Mushotzky, R.F.1
  • 30
    • 53549097043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are optically selected quasars universally X-ray luminous? X-ray-UV relations in Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasars
    • Gibson RR, Brandt WN, Schneider DP (2008) Are optically selected quasars universally X-ray luminous? X-ray-UV relations in Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasars. Astrophys J 685:773-786.
    • (2008) Astrophys J , vol.685 , pp. 773-786
    • Gibson, R.R.1    Brandt, W.N.2    Schneider, D.P.3
  • 31
    • 0010899057 scopus 로고
    • X-ray properties of optically selected QSOs
    • Avni Y, Tananbaum H (1986) X-ray properties of optically selected QSOs. Astrophys J 305:83-99.
    • (1986) Astrophys J , vol.305 , pp. 83-99
    • Avni, Y.1    Tananbaum, H.2
  • 32
    • 33746823741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The X-ray-to-optical properties of optically selected active galaxies over wide luminosity and redshift ranges
    • Steffen AT, et al. (2006) The X-ray-to-optical properties of optically selected active galaxies over wide luminosity and redshift ranges. Astrophys J 131:2826-2842.
    • (2006) Astrophys J , vol.131 , pp. 2826-2842
    • Steffen, A.T.1
  • 33
    • 41649103072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The X-ray properties of the most luminous quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
    • Just DW, et al. (2007) The X-ray properties of the most luminous quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Astrophys J 665:1004-1022.
    • (2007) Astrophys J , vol.665 , pp. 1004-1022
    • Just, D.W.1
  • 35
    • 46349100612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observational constraints on the dependence of radio-quiet quasar X-ray emission on black-hole mass and accretion rate
    • Kelly BC, Bechtold J, Trump JR, Vestergaard M, Siemiginowska A (2008) Observational constraints on the dependence of radio-quiet quasar X-ray emission on black-hole mass and accretion rate. Astrophys J 176(Suppl):355-373.
    • (2008) Astrophys J , vol.176 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 355-373
    • Kelly, B.C.1    Bechtold, J.2    Trump, J.R.3    Vestergaard, M.4    Siemiginowska, A.5
  • 36
    • 65549147820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A full year's Chandra exposure on Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasars from the Chandra Multiwavelength Project
    • Green PJ, et al. (2009) A full year's Chandra exposure on Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasars from the Chandra Multiwavelength Project. Astrophys J 690:644-669.
    • (2009) Astrophys J , vol.690 , pp. 644-669
    • Green, P.J.1
  • 37
    • 76949106917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The X-ray energy dependence of the relation between optical and X-ray emission in quasars
    • Young M, Elvis M, Risaliti G (2010) The X-ray energy dependence of the relation between optical and X-ray emission in quasars. Astrophys J 708:1388-1397.
    • (2010) Astrophys J , vol.708 , pp. 1388-1397
    • Young, M.1    Elvis, M.2    Risaliti, G.3
  • 38
    • 70549101241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GRMHD prediction of coronal variability in accreting black holes
    • Noble SC, Krolik JH (2009) GRMHD prediction of coronal variability in accreting black holes. Astrophys J 703:964-975.
    • (2009) Astrophys J , vol.703 , pp. 964-975
    • Noble, S.C.1    Krolik, J.H.2
  • 39
    • 0346651435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cosmological evolution of the hard X-ray active galactic nucleus luminosity function and the origin of the hard X-ray background
    • DOI 10.1086/378940
    • Ueda Y, Akiyama M, Ohta K, Miyaji T (2003) Cosmological evolution of the hard X-ray active galactic nucleus luminosity function and the origin of the hard X-ray background. Astrophys J 598:886-908. (Pubitemid 38041798)
    • (2003) Astrophysical Journal , vol.598 , Issue.2 I , pp. 886-908
    • Ueda, Y.1    Akiyama, M.2    Ohta, K.3    Miyaji, T.4
  • 40
    • 33845884367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of obscuration in active galactic nuclei
    • Treister E, Urry CM (2006) The evolution of obscuration in active galactic nuclei. Astrophys J 652:L79-L82.
    • (2006) Astrophys J , vol.652
    • Treister, E.1    Urry, C.M.2
  • 41
    • 54949121440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absorption properties and evolution of active galactic nuclei
    • Hasinger G (2008) Absorption properties and evolution of active galactic nuclei. Astron Astrophys 490:905-922.
    • (2008) Astron Astrophys , vol.490 , pp. 905-922
    • Hasinger, G.1
  • 42
    • 0000295974 scopus 로고
    • Obscuration and the various kinds of Seyfert galaxies
    • Lawrence A, Elvis M (1982) Obscuration and the various kinds of Seyfert galaxies. Astrophys J 256:410-426.
    • (1982) Astrophys J , vol.256 , pp. 410-426
    • Lawrence, A.1    Elvis, M.2
  • 43
    • 85076887597 scopus 로고
    • The relative frequency of broad-lined and narrow-lined active galactic nuclei: Implications for unified schemes
    • Lawrence A (1991) The relative frequency of broad-lined and narrow-lined active galactic nuclei: Implications for unified schemes. Mon Not R Astron Soc 252:586-592.
    • (1991) Mon Not R Astron Soc , vol.252 , pp. 586-592
    • Lawrence, A.1
  • 45
    • 2642537031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the black hole mass-bulge mass relation
    • DOI 10.1086/383567
    • Häring N, Rix H-W (2004) On the black hole mass-bulge mass relation. Astrophys J 604:L89-L92. (Pubitemid 38729003)
    • (2004) Astrophysical Journal , vol.604 , Issue.2 II
    • Haring, N.1    Rix, H.-W.2
  • 46
    • 25844462804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AGN host galaxies at z ∼0.4 - 1.3: Bulge-dominated and lacking merger-AGN connection
    • Grogin NA, et al. (2005) AGN host galaxies at z ∼0.4 - 1.3: Bulge-dominated and lacking merger-AGN connection. Astrophys J 627:L97-L100.
    • (2005) Astrophys J , vol.627
    • Grogin, N.A.1
  • 47
    • 34249063597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AEGIS: Host galaxy morphologies of X-ray-selected and infrared-selected active galactic nuclei at 0.2 ≤ z < 1.2
    • Pierce CM, et al. (2007) AEGIS: Host galaxy morphologies of X-ray-selected and infrared-selected active galactic nuclei at 0.2 ≤ z < 1.2. Astrophys J 660:L19-L22.
    • (2007) Astrophys J , vol.660
    • Pierce, C.M.1
  • 48
    • 66649106672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active galactic nucleus hostgalaxy morphologies in COSMOS
    • Gabor JM, et al. (2009) Active galactic nucleus hostgalaxy morphologies in COSMOS. Astrophys J 691:705-722.
    • (2009) Astrophys J , vol.691 , pp. 705-722
    • Gabor, J.M.1
  • 49
    • 67651089728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host-galaxy morphologies of X-ray selected AGN: Assessing the significance of different black-hole fuelling mechanisms to the accretion density of the Universe at z ∼1
    • Georgakakis A, et al. (2009) Host-galaxy morphologies of X-ray selected AGN: Assessing the significance of different black-hole fuelling mechanisms to the accretion density of the Universe at z ∼1. Mon Not R Astron Soc 397:623-633.
    • (2009) Mon Not R Astron Soc , vol.397 , pp. 623-633
    • Georgakakis, A.1
  • 51
    • 42549091122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The host galaxies and black holes of typical z ∼ 0.5-1.4 AGNs
    • Alonso-Herrero A, et al. (2008) The host galaxies and black holes of typical z ∼ 0.5-1.4 AGNs. Astrophys J 677:127-136.
    • (2008) Astrophys J , vol.677 , pp. 127-136
    • Alonso-Herrero, A.1
  • 52
    • 70849098262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black-hole growth and starburst activity at z = 0.6-4 in the Chandra Deep Field-South: Host-galaxy properties of obscured AGN
    • Brusa M, et al. (2009) Black-hole growth and starburst activity at z = 0.6-4 in the Chandra Deep Field-South: Host-galaxy properties of obscured AGN. Astron Astrophys 507:1277-1289.
    • (2009) Astron Astrophys , vol.507 , pp. 1277-1289
    • Brusa, M.1
  • 53
    • 35348846404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black-hole masses and Eddington ratios of AGNs at z < 1: Evidence of retriggering for a representative sample of X-ray-selected AGNs
    • Ballo L, et al. (2007) Black-hole masses and Eddington ratios of AGNs at z < 1: Evidence of retriggering for a representative sample of X-ray-selected AGNs. Astrophys J 667:97-116.
    • (2007) Astrophys J , vol.667 , pp. 97-116
    • Ballo, L.1
  • 54
    • 66649099024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host galaxies, clustering, Eddington ratios, and evolution of radio, X-ray, and infrared-selected AGNs
    • Hickox RC, et al. (2009) Host galaxies, clustering, Eddington ratios, and evolution of radio, X-ray, and infrared-selected AGNs. Astrophys J 696:891-919.
    • (2009) Astrophys J , vol.696 , pp. 891-919
    • Hickox, R.C.1
  • 55
    • 49549087546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weighing the black holes in z ≈ 2 submillimeter-emitting galaxies hosting active galactic nuclei
    • Alexander DM, et al. (2008) Weighing the black holes in z ≈ 2 submillimeter-emitting galaxies hosting active galactic nuclei. Astron J 135:1968-1981.
    • (2008) Astron J , vol.135 , pp. 1968-1981
    • Alexander, D.M.1
  • 56
    • 68149158666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MOIRCS Deep Survey III. Active galactic nuclei in massive galaxies at z = 2-4
    • Yamada T, et al. (2009) MOIRCS Deep Survey III. Active galactic nuclei in massive galaxies at z = 2-4. Astrophys J 699:1354-1364.
    • (2009) Astrophys J , vol.699 , pp. 1354-1364
    • Yamada, T.1
  • 57
    • 56849095664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black-hole accretion in low-mass galaxies since z ∼1
    • Shi Y, et al. (2008) Black-hole accretion in low-mass galaxies since z ∼1. Astrophys J 688:794-806.
    • (2008) Astrophys J , vol.688 , pp. 794-806
    • Shi, Y.1
  • 58
    • 34249073111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AEGIS: The color-magnitude relation for X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei
    • Nandra K, et al. (2007) AEGIS: The color-magnitude relation for X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei. Astrophys J 660:L11-L14.
    • (2007) Astrophys J , vol.660
    • Nandra, K.1
  • 59
    • 41049100056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of AGN host galaxies: From blue to red and the influence of largescale structures
    • Silverman JD, et al. (2008) The evolution of AGN host galaxies: From blue to red and the influence of largescale structures. Astrophys J 675:1025-1040.
    • (2008) Astrophys J , vol.675 , pp. 1025-1040
    • Silverman, J.D.1
  • 60
    • 0035838636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • QUASI-STELLAR OBJECTS, ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES, and MERGERS
    • DOI 10.1086/321520
    • Canalizo G, Stockton A (2001) Quasi-stellar objects, ultraluminous infrared galaxies, and mergers. Astrophys J 555:719-743. (Pubitemid 33307840)
    • (2001) Astrophysical Journal , vol.555 , Issue.2 PART 1 , pp. 719-743
    • Canalizo, G.1    Stockton, A.2
  • 61
    • 67651119021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A characteristic division between the fueling of quasars and Seyferts: Five simple tests
    • Hopkins PF, Hernquist L (2009) A characteristic division between the fueling of quasars and Seyferts: Five simple tests. Astrophys J 694:599-609.
    • (2009) Astrophys J , vol.694 , pp. 599-609
    • Hopkins, P.F.1    Hernquist, L.2
  • 63
    • 34249043557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AEGIS: The environment of X-ray sources at z ≈ 1
    • Georgakakis A, et al. (2007) AEGIS: The environment of X-ray sources at z ≈ 1. Astrophys J 660:L15-L18.
    • (2007) Astrophys J , vol.660
    • Georgakakis, A.1
  • 64
    • 84876797383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Chandra Deep Protocluster Survey: Evidence for an enhancement of AGN activity in the SSA22 protocluster at z = 3.09
    • Lehmer BD, et al. (2009) The Chandra Deep Protocluster Survey: Evidence for an enhancement of AGN activity in the SSA22 protocluster at z = 3.09. Astrophys J 691:687-695.
    • (2009) Astrophys J , vol.691 , pp. 687-695
    • Lehmer, B.D.1
  • 65
    • 70449597661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of active galactic nuclei in clusters of galaxies to redshift 1.3
    • Martini P, Sivakoff GR, Mulchaey JS (2009) The evolution of active galactic nuclei in clusters of galaxies to redshift 1.3. Astrophys J 701:66-85.
    • (2009) Astrophys J , vol.701 , pp. 66-85
    • Martini, P.1    Sivakoff, G.R.2    Mulchaey, J.S.3
  • 66
    • 8744312972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracing the cosmological assembly of stars and supermassive black holes in galaxies
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08382.x
    • Merloni A, Rudnick G, Di Matteo T (2004) Tracing the cosmological assembly of stars and supermassive black holes in galaxies. Mon Not R Astron Soc 354:L37-L42. (Pubitemid 39518996)
    • (2004) Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , vol.354 , Issue.3
    • Merloni, A.1    Rudnick, G.2    Di Matteo, T.3
  • 67
    • 62649146825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of the specific star formation rate of massive galaxies to z ∼1.8 in the Extended Chandra Deep Field-South
    • Damen M, et al. (2009) The evolution of the specific star formation rate of massive galaxies to z ∼1.8 in the Extended Chandra Deep Field-South. Astrophys J 690:937-943.
    • (2009) Astrophys J , vol.690 , pp. 937-943
    • Damen, M.1
  • 70
    • 41049098011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mid-infrared spectral diagnosis of submillimeter galaxies
    • Pope A, et al. (2008) Mid-infrared spectral diagnosis of submillimeter galaxies. Astrophys J 675:1171-1193.
    • (2008) Astrophys J , vol.675 , pp. 1171-1193
    • Pope, A.1
  • 71
    • 70449822475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Balancing the energy budget between star formation and active galactic nuclei in high-redshift infrared luminous galaxies
    • Murphy EJ, et al. (2009) Balancing the energy budget between star formation and active galactic nuclei in high-redshift infrared luminous galaxies. Astrophys J 698:1380-1397.
    • (2009) Astrophys J , vol.698 , pp. 1380-1397
    • Murphy, E.J.1
  • 72
    • 78751510569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ongoing and co-evolving star formation in zCOSMOS galaxies hosting active galactic nuclei
    • Silverman JD, et al. (2009) Ongoing and co-evolving star formation in zCOSMOS galaxies hosting active galactic nuclei. Astrophys J 696:396-410.
    • (2009) Astrophys J , vol.696 , pp. 396-410
    • Silverman, J.D.1
  • 73
    • 77955335637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supermassive black-hole growth in starburst galaxies: Constraints from the deepest Chandra fields
    • eds Heinz S, Wilcots EM (AIP Press, Melville, NY)
    • Rafferty DA, et al. (2009) Supermassive black-hole growth in starburst galaxies: Constraints from the deepest Chandra fields. The Monster's Fiery Breath: Feedback in Galaxies, Groups, and Clusters, eds Heinz S, Wilcots EM (AIP Press, Melville, NY), pp 150-153.
    • (2009) The Monster's Fiery Breath: Feedback in Galaxies, Groups, and Clusters , pp. 150-153
    • Rafferty, D.A.1
  • 74
    • 36048986959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The intrinsically X-ray-weak quasar PHL 1811. II. Optical and UV spectra and analysis
    • Leighly K, Halpern JP, Jenkins EB, Casebeer D (2007) The intrinsically X-ray-weak quasar PHL 1811. II. Optical and UV spectra and analysis. Astrophys J 173(Suppl):1-36.
    • (2007) Astrophys J , vol.173 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 1-36
    • Leighly, K.1    Halpern, J.P.2    Jenkins, E.B.3    Casebeer, D.4
  • 75
    • 77952140383 scopus 로고
    • President's introductory address: Stellar socialism vs. stellar individualism
    • Eddington A (1922) President's introductory address: Stellar socialism vs. stellar individualism. Mon Not R Astron Soc 82:432-438.
    • (1922) Mon Not R Astron Soc , vol.82 , pp. 432-438
    • Eddington, A.1
  • 76
    • 57049149787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for powerful AGN winds at high redshift: Dynamics of galactic outflows in radio galaxies during the "Quasar Era"
    • Nesvadba NPH, Lehnert MD, De Breuck C, Gilbert AM, van Breugel W (2008) Evidence for powerful AGN winds at high redshift: Dynamics of galactic outflows in radio galaxies during the "Quasar Era". Astron Astrophys 491:407-424.
    • (2008) Astron Astrophys , vol.491 , pp. 407-424
    • Nesvadba, N.P.H.1    Lehnert, M.D.2    De Breuck, C.3    Gilbert, A.M.4    Van Breugel, W.5
  • 77
    • 77950954219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Searching for evidence of energetic feedback in distant galaxies: A galaxy wide outflow in a z ∼2 ultraluminous infrared galaxy
    • in press
    • Alexander DM, Swinbank AM, Smail I, McDermid R, Nesvadba N (2010) Searching for evidence of energetic feedback in distant galaxies: A galaxy wide outflow in a z ∼2 ultraluminous infrared galaxy. Mon Not Roy Ast Soc, in press.
    • (2010) Mon Not Roy Ast Soc
    • Alexander, D.M.1    Swinbank, A.M.2    Smail, I.3    McDermid, R.4    Nesvadba, N.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.