Environmental interventions and the design of homes for older adults with dementia: An overview

American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and other Dementias

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 202-232

  Van Hoof, J ^a,b   Kort, H S M ^a,b   Van Waarde, H ^c   Blom, M M ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

^b Vilans   (Netherlands)

^c Alzheimer Nederland   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Aging in place; Alzheimer's disease; Architecture; Assistive technology; Dementia; Environmental interventions; Home modifications; Informal care; Interior design; Older adults

Indexed keywords

ARCHITECTURE; ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY; BATH; BEDROOM; BEHAVIOR; CAREGIVER; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; DEMENTIA; DRINKING; EATING; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FALLING; FURNITURE; HOME; HOME ACCIDENT; HUMAN; INDEPENDENCE; KITCHEN; LAUNDRY; PATIENT SAFETY; REVIEW; SANITATION; SLEEP; UTILITY WORKS, APPLIANCES AND SERVICES;

EID: 77952220777     PISSN: 15333175     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1533317509358885     Document Type: Review

References (114)

1. Krothe JS Giving voice to elderly people: community-based long-term care. Public Health Nurs. 1997 ; 14 (4). 217-226.
2. Gitlin LN Next steps in home modification and assistive technology research. In: Charness N, Schaie KW, eds. Impact of Technology on Successful Aging. New York, NY: Springer; 2003: 188-202.
3. Duijnstee MSH. De belasting van familieleden van dementerenden. Dissertation. Nijmegen, the Netherlands Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen ; 1992.
4. Ferri CP, Prince M., Brayne C., et al, and for Alzheimers Disease International. Global prevalence of dementia: a Delphi consensus study. Lancet. 2005-2006 ; 366 (9503). 2112-2117.
5. van Hoof J., Kort HSM, van Waarde H. Housing and care for older adults with dementia. A European perspective. J Hous Built Environ. 2009 ; 24 (3). 396-390.
6. Rabins PV The caregivers role in Alzheimers disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn. 1998 ; 9 (suppl 3). 25-28.
7. Valla P., Harrington T. Designing for older people with cognitive and affective disorders. Arch Gerontol Geriatr Disord. 1998 ; 26 (suppl 1). 515-518.
8. Health Council of the Netherlands. Dementia. Publication no. 2002/04. The Hague, the Netherlands: Health Council of the Netherlands ; 2002.
9. Wimo A., Winblad B., Jönsson L. An estimate of the total worldwide societal costs of dementia in 2005. Alzheimers Dement. 2007 ; 3 (2). 81-91.
10. Moise P., Schwarzinger M., Um M-Y., and the the Dementia Experts Group. OECD Health Working Papers No. 13. Dementia Care in 9 OECD Countries: A Comparative Analysis. Paris, France: OECD ;; 2004.
11. Pynoos J., Cohen E., Lucas C. Environmental coping strategies for Alzheimers caregivers. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 1989 ; 4 (6). 4-8.
12. Alzheimer Europe. Who Cares? The State of Dementia Care in Europe. Luxembourg City, Luxemburg: Alzheimer Europe; 2006.
13. van Hoof J., Kort HSM. Supportive living environments: a first concept of a dwelling designed for older adults with dementia. Dementia. 2009 ; 8 (2). 293-316.
14. Desai AK, Grossberg GT Recognition and management of behavioral disturbances in dementia. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2001 ; 3 (3). 93-109.
15. Tilly J., Reed P. Literature review. Intervention research on caring for people with dementia in assisted living and nursing homes. Alzheimers Care Today. 2008 ; 9 (1). 24-32.
16. Marshall M. Therapeutic buildings for people with dementia. In: Judd S, Marshall M, Phippen P, eds. Design for Dementia. London: Journal of Dementia Care ; 1998: 11-14.
17. WHO. International classification of functioning, disability and health. Resolution WHA54.21 of the fifty-fourth World Health Assembly, ninth plenary meeting, agenda item 13.9, 22 May 2001, A54/VR/9. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2001.
18. Schiff MR Designing environments for individuals with Alzheimers disease: some general principles. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 1990 ; 5 (3). 4-8.
19. Lawton MP The elderly in context: perspectives from environmental psychology and gerontology. Environ Behav. 1985 ; 17 (4). 501-519.
20. Gitlin LN, Corcoran M. Managing dementia at home: the role of home environmental modifications. Top Geriatr Rehabil. 1996 ; 12 (2). 28-39.
21. Ministry of Community and Social Services. Dementia and Activities of Daily Living. A Report on Technologies and Environmental Design That Can Assist People With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias. Toronto, Ontario: Ministry of Community and Social Services ; 1990.
22. van Hoof J., Kort HSM, Hensen JLM, Duijnstee MSH, Rutten PGS. Thermal comfort and integrated building design for older people with dementia. Build Environ. 2010 ; 45 (2). 358-370.
23. van Hoof J., Kort HSM, Duijnstee MSH, Rutten PGS, Hensen JLM. The indoor environment and the integrated building design of homes for older people with dementia. Build Environ. 2010;45:doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.11.008.
24. Diaz Moore K., Verhoef R. Special Care Units as places for social interaction: Evaluating an SCUs social affordance. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 1999 ; 14 (4). 217-229.
25. van Hoof J., Kort HSM, Markopoulos P., Soede M. Ambient intelligence, ethics and privacy. Gerontechnology. 2007 ; 6 (3). 155-163.
26. Lauriks S., Reinersmann A., van der Roest HG, et al. Review of ICT-based services for identified unmet needs in people with dementia. Ageing Res Rev. 2007 ; 6 (3). 223-246.
27. van Rijn H., van Hoof J., Stappers PJ Designing leisure products for people with dementia: developing the Chitchatters game. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2010 :doi: 10.1177/ 1533317509333039.
28. Mitchell L., Burton E., Raman S., Blackman T., Jenks M., Williams K. Making the outside world dementia-friendly: design issues and considerations. Environ Plann B. 2003 ; 30 (4). 605-632.
29. Zgola J. Alzheimers disease and the home: issues in environmental design. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 1990 ; 5 (3). 15-22.
30. Cohen U., Weisman GD Holding on to Home: Designing Environments for People With Dementia. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press ; 1991.
31. Brawley E. Alzheimers disease: designing the physical environment. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 1992 ; 7 (1). 3-8.
32. Fleming R., Forbes I., Bennett K. Adapting the Ward-for People With Dementia. Sydney: NSW Department of Health ; 2003.
33. Diaz Moore K., Geboy LD, Weisman GD Designing a Better Day. Guidelines for Adults and Dementia Day Services Centers. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press ; 2006.
34. Burton E., Torrington J. Designing environments suitable for older people. CME J Geriatr Med. 2007 ; 9 (2). 39-45.
35. Marquardt G., Schmieg P. Dementia-friendly architecture: environments that facilitate wayfinding in nursing homes. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2009 ; 24 (4). 333-340.
36. Weisman G., Cohen U., Day K., Meyer G. Programming and Design for Dementia. Development of a 50 Person Residential Environment. 2nd print. Milwaukee, WI: University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee ; 1992.
37. Steeman E., Godderis J., Grypdonck M., De Bal N., Dierckx de Casterlé B. Living with dementia from the perspective of older people: Is it a positive story? Aging Ment Health. 2007 ; 11 (2). 119-130.
38. Namazi KH, DiNatale Johnson B. How familiar tasks can enhance concentration in Alzheimers disease patients. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 1992 ; 7 (1). 35-40.
39. van Bronswijk Jemh, Koren LGH, Horst FAM, et al. Hoofdstuk 4. Gezond en duurzaam bouwen. GeDuBo. Report TU/e number BMGT99.083 [in Dutch]. Eindhoven, the Netherlands: Eindhoven University of Technology ; 1999.
40. Wackerbarth S., Johnson MMS. Predictors of driving cessation, independent living and power of attorney decisions by dementia patients and caregivers. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 1999 ; 14 (5). 283-288.
41. Calkins MP Designing special care units: a systematic approach. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 1987 ; 2 (2). 16-22.
42. Calkins MP Designing special care units: a systematic approach-part II. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 1987 ; 2 (3). 30-34.
43. Thomas DW A case study on the effects of a retrofitted dementia special care unit on resident behaviors. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 1996 ; 11 (3). 8-14.
44. Wilkinson TJ, Henschke PJ, Handscombe K. How should toilets be labelled for people with dementia ? Aust J Ageing. 1994 ; 13 (4). 163-165.
45. Marshall M. Design for dementia. In: Tanner B, ed. Proceedings of RSAS One Day Symposium "Coping with the problems of dementia in old age". London, UK: Royal Surgical and Society; 1995 :43-54.
46. Calkins MP, Namazi KH Caregivers perceptions of the effectiveness of home modifications for community living adults with dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 1991 ; 6 (1). 25-29.
47. Day K., Carreon D., Stump C. The therapeutic design of environments for people with dementia. A review of the empirical research. Gerontologist. 2000 ; 40 (4). 397-416.
48. Warner ML The Complete Guide to Alzheimers Proofing Your Home. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press ; 2000.
49. Petersen R, editor-in-chief. Mayo Clinic on Alzheimers Disease. Practical Answers on Memory Loss, Aging, Research, Treatment and Caregiving. Rochester, MN: Mayo Clinic Health Information ; 2002.
50. Silverstein NM, Hyde J., Ohta R. Home adaptation for Alzheimers households. Technol Disabil. 1993 ; 2 (4). 58-68.
51. Gitlin LN, Corcoran M. Expanding caregiver ability to use environmental solutions for problems of bathing and incontinence in the elderly with dementia. Technol Disabil. 1993 ; 2 (1). 12-21.
52. Gitlin LN, Kyung Chee Y. Use of adaptive equipment in caring for persons with dementia at home. Alzheimers Care Quart. 2006 ; 7 (1). 32-40.
53. Blom M., Tjadens F., Withagen P. Weten van vergeten [in Dutch]. Utrecht, the Netherlands: NIZW ; 2000.
54. Rodriguez JG, Baughman AL, Sattin RW, et al. A standardized instrument to assess hazards for falls in the home of older persons. Accident Anal Prev. 1995 ; 27 (5). 625-631.
55. Mace NL, Rabins PV The 36-Hour Day. 4 th edition. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press ; 2006.
56. Gitlin LN, Corcoran M. Making homes safer: environmental adaptations for people with dementia. Alzheimers Care Quart. 2000 ; 1 (1). 50-58.
57. Gitlin L. Guidelines for environmental adaptations and safety at home. Alzheimers Care Today. 2007 ; 8 (3). 278-281.
58. Bowlby Sifton C. Setting up surroundings for success and safety. Alzheimers Care Today. 2007 ; 8 (3). 286.
59. Ponzetto M., Scarafiotti C., Ferrario E., Fabris F. Health Promotion for Family Caregivers of People With Alzheimers Disease and Related Disorders. Group Leaders Manual. Module 5. Practical Consequences of the Increased Dependency of People With Alzheimers Disease. 1998. http://www.uni-koeln.de/ew-fak/Klein/. Accessed December 29, 2009.
60. Tilly J., Reed P. Dementia care practice recommendations for nursing homes and assisted living, Phase 2: falls, wandering, and physical restraints. Alzheimers Care Today. 2008 ; 9 (1). 51-59.
61. Brawley EC Design Innovations for Aging and Alzheimers. Creating Caring Environments. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc ; 2006.
62. Strubel D., Jacquot JM, Martin-Hunyadi C. Démence et chutes. Ann Readapt Med Phys. 2001 ; 44 (1). 4-12.
63. Lach HW, Reed AT, Smith LJ, Carr DB Alzheimers disease: assessing safety problems in the home. Geriatr Nurs. 1995 ; 16 (4). 160-164.
64. Brawley EC Designing for Alzheimers Disease. Strategies for Creating Better Care Environments. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc ; 1997.
65. Nouws H. Huiselijk en vertrouwd. Handreiking voor de bouw en inrichting van woonvoorzieningen voor dementerenden [in Dutch]. Utrecht, the Netherlands: NIZW ; 2001.
66. Turner G. Decreasing stimulation in the environment of persons diagnosed with Alzheimers disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 1991 ; 6 (4). 26-28.
67. Bakker R. Sensory loss, dementia and environments. Generations. 2003 ; 27 (1). 46-51.
68. Hyde J. The physical environment and the care of Alzheimers patients: an experiential survey of Massachusetts Alzheimers units. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 1989 ; 4 (3). 36-44.
69. Namazi KH, DiNatale Johnson B. Dressing independently: a closet modification model for Alzheimers disease patients. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 1992 ; 7 (1). 22-28.
70. Kinney JM, Kart CS, Murdoch LD, Ziemba TF Challenges in caregiving and creative solutions: using technology to facilitate caring for a relative with dementia. Ageing Int. 2003 ; 28 (3). 295-314.
71. Nyģrd L. The stove timer as a device for older adults with cognitive impairment or dementia: different professionals reasoning and actions. Technol Disabil. 2009 ; 21 (3). 53-66.
72. Nyģrd L., Starkhammar S., Lilja M. The provision of stove times to individuals with cognitive impairment. Scand J Occup Ther. 2007 ; 15 (1). 4-12.
73. Frank R., Souques M., Himbert C., et al. Effects of 50 to 60 Hz and of 20 to 50 kHz magnetic fields on the operation of implanted cardiac pacemakers [in French]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 2003 ; 96 (S3). 35-41.
74. Irnich W., Bernstein AD Do induction cooktops interfere with cardiac pacemakers ? Europace. 2006 ; 8 (5). 377-384.
75. Namazi KH, DiNatale Johnson B. Environmental issues related to visibility and consumption of food in an Alzheimers disease unit. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 1992 ; 7 (1). 30-34.
76. Leikas J., Salo J., Poramo R. Security alarm system supports independent living of demented persons. In: Graafmans J, Taipale V, Charness N, eds. Gerontechnology: A Sustainable Investment in the Future. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: IOS Press ; 1998: 402-405.
77. van Hoof J., Schoutens AMC, Aarts MPJ High colour temperature lighting for institutionalised older people with dementia. Build Environ. 2009 ; 44 (9). 1959-1969.
78. van Hoof J., Aarts MPJ, Rense CG, Schoutens AMC. Ambient bright light in dementia: Effects on behaviour and circadian rhythmicity. Build Environ. 2009 ; 44 (1). 146-155.
79. Carter SE, Campbell EM, Sanson-Fisher RW, Redman S. Environmental hazards in the homes of older people. Age Ageing. 1997 ; 26 (3). 195-202.
80. Namazi KH, DiNatale Johnson B. The effects of environmental barriers on the attention span of Alzheimers disease patients. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 1992 ; 7 (1). 9-15.
81. Marx L., Haschka B., Schnur P. Mehr Lux-mehr Wohlbefinden. Die richtige Beleuchtung hat positiven Einfluss auf demente Bewohner [in German]. Altenheim. 2002 ; 41 (5). 57-58, 60-61.
82. Sloane PD, Mitchell CM, Weisman G., et al. The Therapeutic Environment Screening Survey for Nursing Homes (TESS-NH): an observational instrument for assessing the physical environment of institutional settings for persons with dementia. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2002 ; 57 (2). S69 - S78.
83. Cohen E., Lyman K., Pynoos J. Adapting day care center settings for persons with Alzheimers disease: environmental design training for staff. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 1991 ; 6 (2). 25-32.
84. Cohen U., Day K. Contemporary Environments for People With Dementia. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press ; 1993.
85. Weisman GD Chapter 11. Creating places for people with dementia: An action research perspective. In: Schaie KW, Wahl H -W, Mollenkopf H, Oswald F, eds. Aging Independently: Living Arrangements and Mobility. New York, NY: Springer; 2003: 162-173.
86. Castell L. Building access for the intellectually disabled. Facilities. 2008 ; 26 (3-4). 117-130.
87. Judd S. We shape our buildings...thereafter they shape us.. Dementia. 2008 ; 7 (2). 163-165.
88. Zeisel J. Environment, neuroscience, and Alzheimers disease. Alzheimers Care Quart. 2005 ; 6 (4). 273-279.
89. Olsen RV, Hutchings BL, Ehrenkrantz E. The physical design of the home as a caregiving support: an environment for persons with dementia. J Long Term Home Health Care. 1999 ; 1 (2). 125-131.
90. Sloane PD, Mathew LJ The therapeutic environment screening scale: an observational screening instrument to assess the quality of nursing home environments for residents with dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 1990 ; 5 (6). 22-26.
91. Grant LA Assessing environments in Alzheimer special unit units. Nursing unit rating scale. Res Aging. 1996 ; 18 (3). 275-291.
92. Algase DL, Yao L., Son G. -R, Beattie ERA, Beck C., Whall AF Initial psychometrics of the ambiance scale: A tool to study person-environment interaction in dementia. Aging Ment Health. 2007 ; 11 (3). 266-272.
93. de Courval LP, Gélinas I., Gauthier S., et al. Reliability and validity of the Safety Assessment Scale for people with dementia living at home. Can J Occup Ther. 2006 ; 73 (2). 67-75.
94. Halliday G., Snowdon J. The Environmental Cleanliness and Clutter Scale (ECCS). Int Psychogeriatr. 2009 ; 21 (6). 1041-1050.
95. Parker C., Barnes S., McKee K., Morgan K., Torrington J., Tregenza P. Quality of life and building design in residential and nursing homes for older people. Ageing Soc. 2004 ; 24 (6). 941-962.
96. Day K., Cohen U. The role of culture in designing environments for people with dementia: a study of Russian Jewish immigrants. Environ Behav. 2000 ; 32 (3). 361-399.
97. Olsen RV, Ehrenkrantz E., Hutchings BL Creating the movement-access continuum in home environments for dementia care. Top Geriatr Rehabil. 1996 ; 12 (2). 1-8.
98. Vroon PA Psychologische aspecten van ziekmakende gebouwen. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht ; 1990.
99. Gitlin LN, Liebman J., Winter L. Are environmental interventions effective in the management of Alzheimers disease and related disorders? A synthesis of the evidence. Alzheimers Care Quart. 2003 ; 4 (2). 85-107.
100. Tilly J., Reed P. Falls, wandering, and physical restraints. A review of interventions for individuals with dementia in assisted living and nursing homes. Alzheimers Care Today. 2008 ; 9 (1). 45-50.
101. Perritt MR, McCune ED, McCune SL Empirical findings suggest recommendations for carpet pattern and texture. Alzheimers Care Quart. 2005 ; 6 (4). 300-305.
102. Calkins MP Learning from doing. Conducting a SAGE postoccupance evaluation. Alzheimers Care Quart. 2005 ; 6 (4). 357-365.
103. Gross J., Harmon ME, Myers RA, et al. Recognition of self among persons with dementia. Pictures versus names as environmental supports. Environ Behav. 2004 ; 36 (3). 424-454.
104. Price JD, Hermans DG, Grimley Evans J. Subjective barriers to prevent wandering of cognitively impaired people (Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 ; 3: CD001932.
105. Namazi KH, DiNatale Johnson B. Pertinent autonomy for residents with dementias: modification of the physical environment to enhance independence. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 1992 ; 7 (1). 16-21.
106. Calkins MP The physical and social environment of the person with Alzheimers disease. Aging Ment Health. 2001 ; 5 (suppl 1). S74 - S78.
107. Lawton MP The physical environment of the person with Alzheimers disease. Aging Ment Health. 2001 ; 5 (suppl 1). S56 - S64.
108. Charness N., Holley P. Human factors and environmental support in Alzheimers disease. Aging Ment Health. 2001 ; 5 (S1). S65 - S73.
109. Messecar DC, Archbold PG, Stewart BJ, Kirschling J. Home environmental modification strategies used by caregivers of elders. Res Nurs Health. 2002 ; 25 (5). 357-370.
110. Braudy Harris P. The experience of living alone with early stage Alzheimers disease. What are the persons concerns? Alzheimers Care Quart. 2006 ; 7 (2). 84-94.
111. Gitlin LN, Corcoran M., Winter L., Boyce A., Hauck WW A randomized, controlled trial of a home environmental intervention: effect on efficacy and upset in caregivers and on daily function of persons with dementia. Gerontologist. 2001 ; 41 (1). 4-14.
112. Graff MJL, Adang EMM, Vernooij-Dassen MJM, et al. Community occupational therapy for older patients with dementia and their care givers: cost effectiveness study. Brit Med J. 2008 ; 336 (7636). 134-138.
113. Galasko D., Bennett D., Sano M., et al. An inventory to assess activities of daily living for clinical trials in Alzheimers disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 1997 ; 11 (S2). S33 - S39.
114. Galasko D. An integrated approach to the management of Alzheimers disease: assessing cognition, function and behaviour. Eur J Neurol. 1998 ; 5 (suppl 4). S9 - S17.