How valuable is "two-step migration"? Labor market outcomes for international student migrants to Australia

Asian and Pacific Migration Journal

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 5-36

  Hawthorne, Lesleyanne ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONFERENCE PROCEEDING; IMMIGRATION POLICY; INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION; LABOR MARKET; LABOR MIGRATION; LABOR PARTICIPATION; LABOR SUPPLY; RECRUITMENT (EMPLOYMENT); SKILLED LABOR; STUDENT;

AUSTRALIA;

EID: 77952217452     PISSN: 01171968     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/011719681001900102     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (78)

1. Access Economics Pty Ltd. 2009 The Australian Education Sector and the Economic Contribution of International Students. Melbourne: Australian Council for Private Education and Training.
2. Arkoudis, S. et al. 2009 The Impact of English Language Proficiency and Workplace Readiness on the Employment Outcomes of Tertiary International Students. Canberra: Department of Employment, Education and Workplace Relations.
3. Australian Education International 2009a AEI International Student Enrolment Data 2009. Available at http://www.aei.gov.au/ AEI/MIP/Statistics/ StudentEnrolmentAndVisaStatistics/default.htm, accessed on 1 October 2009.
4. -2009b International Student Numbers, A ustralian Education International Research Snapshot, No.44 (March).
5. -2009a Export Income from Education Services by the Top 50 Nationalities, Australian Education International Research Snapshot, No.45 (March).
6. -2008a AEI International Student Data Year To Date August 2008. Available at http://www. aei.gov.au/AEI/MIP/Statistics/StudentEnrolmentAndVisaStatistics/ default.htm, accessed on 1 October 2008.
7. -2008b Unpublished international student enrollment data 2002-2008 provided to the author.
8. -2007 Monthly Summary of International Student Enrolment Data-Australia September 2007. Avaiable at http://www.aei.gov.au/AEI/MIP/Statistics/ StudentEnrolment AndVisaStatistics/default.htm, accessed on 1 November 2007.
9. Baas, M. 2009 Imagined Mobility - Migration and Transnationalism Among Indian Students in Australia. PhD thesis, Faculteit der Maatschappij- en Gedragswetenschappen, University of Amsterdam.
10. -2007 The Language of Migration: Indian Overseas Students and the Question of Permanent Residency, People and Place, 14(1):49-60.
11. -2006 Students of Migration: The Education Industry Versus the Migration Industry, People and Place, 15(2):49-60.
12. Baird, B. 2009 Review of the Education Services for Overseas Students (ESOS) Act - Interim Report. November. Canberra: Department of Employment Education and Workplace Relations. Also available at http://www.aei.gov.au/AEI/ GovernmentActivities/InternationalStudentsTaskforce/ESOS-Review-InterimReport- pdf.pdf, accessed on 1 March 2010.
13. Bedford, R. 2006 Skilled Migration Policy in Australia and New Zealand: Similarities and Differences. In Evaluation of the General Skilled Migration Categories. Edited by B. Birrell, L. Hawthorne and S. Richardson. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.
14. Birrell, B 2006 Implications of Low English Standards Among Overseas Students at Australian Universities, People & Place, 14(4):53-64. (Pubitemid 46231828)
15. Birrell, B. and L. Hawthorne 1999 Skilled Migration Outcomes as of 1996: A Contribution to the Review of the Independent and Skilled-Australian Linked Categories Being Conducted by the Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs. In Review of the Independent and Skilled-Australian Linked Categories. Canberra: Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs.
16. Birrell, B., L. Hawthorne and S. Richardson 2006 Evaluation of the General Skilled Migration Categories. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.
17. Birrell, B. and V. Rapson 2004 International Students - Implications for Australia's Immigration Program and Higher Education System. Melbourne: Monash University's Centre for Population and Urban Research.
18. Birrell, B., E. Healy and B. Kinnaird 2007 Cooks Galore and Hairdressers Aplenty, People and Place, 15(1):30-44.
19. Borjas, G. 2007 Immigration in High-Skill Markets: The Impact of Foreign Students on the Earnings of Doctorates. Working Paper 12085. National Bureau of Economic Research, Harvard University.
20. -2002 An Evaluation of the Foreign Student Program. KSG Working Paper No. RWP02-026, National Bureau of Economic Research, Harvard University.
21. Castles, S. 2006 Guestworkers in Europe: A Resurrection? International Migration Review, 40(4): 741-991.
22. Cully, M. 2009 The Effectiveness of Australia's Points-Tested Skilled Entry System and Attachment Occupational Targeting in Selection of Skilled Migrants. Speech at Migration Advisory Committee International Conference on Skilled Migration, London, 7 September.
23. Das, S. 2010 Hard Lessons to be Learnt, The Age, 23 January, Insight Section, p3.
24. -2009a College to Be Probed Over Cash for Grades, The Age, 20 May, p5.
25. -2009b Millions Trump Truth About Dodgy Schools, The Age, 29 July, p.15.
26. Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC) 2009a Review of the Migration Occupations in Demand List - Issues Paper No. 1. August. Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations and Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Canberra.
27. -2009b Review of the Migration Occupations in Demand List - Issues Paper No. 2. September. Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations and Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Canberra.
28. -2009c Report on the Migration Program 2007-2008. Canberra: Australian Government.
29. -2009d Emigration 2008-2009. Canberra: Australian Government.
30. -2008a Fact Sheet 21 - Managing the Migration Program. Canberra: Australian Government.
31. -2008b Emigration 2006-2007. Canberra: Australian Government.
32. 2008c 2008-09 Migration Program Changes - Frequently Asked Questions, http://www. immi.gov.au/media/fact-sheets/#skilled, accessed on 11 November.
33. -2008d CriticalSkillsList,''http://www.google.com.au/#hl=en&source= hp&q=diac+critical+ skills+listi&meta=&aq=0&oq= DIAC+Critical+Skills+&fp=117628ddce3be56e, accessed on 24 December.
34. -2008e Changes to Skilled - Graduate (Subclass 485) Visa - Effective 27 October 2008, http: //www.newsroom.immi.gov.au/media-releases, accessed on 5 December.
35. Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs 1999 Review of the Independent and Skilled-Australian Linked Categories. Common-wealth of Australia, Canberra.
36. Diaz-Briquets, S. and C. Cheney 2003 Foreign Scientists at the National Institutes of Health: Ramifications of US Immigration and Labor Policies, International Migration Review, 37(2):421-443.
37. Evans, C. 2009a Government Announces Changes to 457 Visa Program. Media Release, http:// www.newsroom.immi.gov.au/media-releases.
38. -2009b Government Releases Draft Employer Obligations for Overseas Workers. Media Release, http://www.newsroom.immi.gov.au/media-releases.
39. -2009c Government Cuts Migration Program. Media Release, http://www.newsroom.im mi.gov.au/media-releases.
40. -2009d Australia's Brain Drain Biggest on Record. Ministerial Statement. Media Release, http://www.newsroom.immi.gov.au/media-releases.
41. -2008 Changes to Skill Migration Policy 17 December 2008. Media Release, http://www. newsroom.immi.gov.au/media-releases.
42. Finley, D. 2008 Attracting International Talent: Collaborating on Foreign Credential Recognition. The Honourable Diane Finley, PC MP, Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, Canada, Keynote Speech, Conference on Foreign Credential Recognition, The Conference Board of Canada and Citizenship and Immigration Canada, Calgary, 22 April.
43. Finn, M. 2007 Stay Rates of Foreign Doctorate Recipients from US Universities: 2005. Oak Ridge: Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education.
44. Hawthorne, L. 2010 Demography, Migration and Demand for International Students. In The Asia Pacific Education Market. Edited by C. Findlay and W. Tierney. Singapore: World Scientific Press.
45. -2009a The Growing Global Demand for International Students as Skilled Migrants. In Talent, Competitiveness and Migration. Edited by Bertelsmann Stiftung and Migration Policy Institute. Brussels: Verlag Bertelsmann Stiftung.
46. -2009b Key Findings - Factors Influencing the English Language Proficiency, Workplace Readiness and Employment Outcomes of International Students. Presentation of the study commissioned by the Department of Employment, Education and Workplace Readiness at the Australian Education International Education Conference on Transitions and Transformations, Sydney, 13-16 October.
47. -2008a Migration and Education: Quality Assurance and Mutual Recognition of Qualifications -Australia Report. Paris: UNESCO.
48. -2008b The Impact of Economic Selection Policy on Labour Market Outcomes for Degree-Qualified Migrants in Canada and Australia, Institute for Research on Public Policy, 14(5):1-50.
49. -2007 Language, Employment and Further Study. Australia: Australian Education International, Department of Education, Science and Training.
50. -2005 Picking Winners: The Recent Transformation of Australia's Skill Migration Policy, International Migration Review, 39(2):663-696.
51. Helle, B. and L. Sauer 2007 Conditions of Entry and Residence of Third Country Highly Qualified and Highly Skilled Workers - Study in the Framework of the European Migra tion Network, Small Scale Study III. Nurmburg: Bundesamt fur Migration und Fluchtlinge.
52. Hiebert, D. 2006 Skilled Immigration in Canada: Context, Patterns and Outcomes. In Evaluation of the General Skilled Migration Categories. Edited by B. Birrell, L. Hawthorne and S. Richardson. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.
53. -2007 Demographic Change in East and Southeast Asia and Implications for the Future. Paper presented at the 17th General Meeting of the Pacific Economic Cooperation Council, Sydney, 1-2 May.
54. Institution of International Education 2008 Open Doors 2007: Fast Facts, http://www.opendoors.iienetwork.org/, accessed on 1 August.
55. Iredale, R. 2001 The Migration of Professionals: Theories and Typologies, International Migration, 39 (5):7-26.
56. Khoo, S-E, et al. 2007 A Global Labor Market: Factors Motivating the Sponsorship and Temporary Migration of Skilled Workers to Australia, International Migration Review, 41(2):480-510.
57. Lasanowski, V. 2009 International Student Mobility:Status Report 2009, London:Observatory on Borderless Higher Education.
58. Lasanowski, V. and L. Verbik 2007 International Student Mobility:Patterns and Trends, London:Observatory on Borderless Higher Education.
59. Lowell, L., M. Bump and S. Martin 2007 Foreign Students Coming to America: The Impact of Policy, Procedures, and Economic Competition. Georgetown: Institute for the Study of International Migration, Georgetown University.
60. Marginson, S. and M. Considine 2000 The Enterprise University: Power, Governance and Reinvention in Australia. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
61. Marginson, S. and M. van der Wende 2007 Globalisation and Higher Education. Education Working Paper No 8, Directorate for Education, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris.
62. Matsutani, M. 2008 Radical Immigration Plans Under Discussion, The Japan Times, 19 June:5.
63. Matthews, C. 2007 Foreign Science and Engineering Presence in US Institutions and the Labor Force. CRS Report for Congress, Congressional Research Service. In Trends in Higher Education. Edited by J. E. Hauppauge, NY: Cruthers, Nova Science Publishers.
64. Millar, J. and J. Salt 2006 International Students and the Labour Market. Migration Research Unit, Department of Geography, University College London.
65. Ministry of Education 2008 International Student Enrolments in New Zealand 2001-2007.16 May. Wellington: International Division, Ministry of Education.
66. Narushima, Y. 2010 Australia 'Must Plan for New City to Cope With Population, The Age, 26 January, p.4.
67. National Science Foundation 2008 Science and Engineering Indicators 2008. Washington: National Science Foundation.
68. Norrie, J. 2008 Drastic Rise in Japan's Migrant Intake Urged, The Age, 17 June, p.8.
69. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 2007 Jobs for Immigrants. Paris: OECD.
70. Papademetriou, D., W. Somerville and H. Tanaka 2008 Talent in the 21st Century Economy. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute.
71. Picot, G., H. Feng and S. Coulombe 2007 Chronic Low-Income and Low-Income Dynamics Among Recent Immigrants, Statistics Canada Research Paper Series, Catalogue No. 11F0019MIE, No 294. Ottawa: Statistics Canada.
72. Regets, M. 2007 Research Issues in the International Migration of Highly Skilled Workers: A Perspective With Data from the United States. Working Paper SRS 07-203, Division of Sciences Resources Statistics, National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
73. Roodenburg, H., R. Euwals and H. ter Rele 2003 Immigration and the Dutch Economy. The Hague: CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
74. Ruhs, M. 2006 The Potential of Temporary Migration Programs in Future International Migration Policy, International Labour Review, 145(1-2):1-29. Also available at http://74.125. 155.132/scholar?q=cache:GKnWHh2vzVUJ:scholar. google.com/&hl=en&as-sdt=2000.
75. Shu, J. and L. Hawthorne 1996 Asian Student Migration to Australia, International Migration, 34(1):65-96.
76. United States Government Accountability Office 2009 Higher Education - Approaches to Attract and Fund International Students in the United States and Abroad. Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on International Organizations, Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, GAO-09-379, April. Washington, DC.
77. Willard, M. 2009 Sector Update. Presentation at the Thirteenth Annual English Language Teaching Management Conference, Sydney, 16 May.
78. Zucker, L. and M. Darby 2007 Star Scientists, Innovation and Regional and National Immigration. Working Paper 13547. National Bureau of Economic Research, Harvard University.