Resolving range ambiguity in a photon counting depth imager operating at kilometer distances

Optics Express

Volumn 18, Issue 9, 2010, Pages 9192-9206

  Krichel, Nils J ^a   McCarthy, Aongus ^a   Buller, Gerald S ^a  

^a HERIOT WATT UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

IMAGING SYSTEMS; OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES; PATTERN MATCHING; PHOTONS; PULSED LASER APPLICATIONS; PULSED LASERS; THREE DIMENSIONAL;

AVERAGE POWER; CLOCK RATE; DEPTH IMAGE; DEPTH IMAGING; LOW REPETITION RATE; ON TIME; PHOTON COUNTING; PSEUDO RANDOM PATTERN; PULSE RATE; PULSED LASER; RANGE AMBIGUITY; THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGES; TIME-CORRELATED SINGLE-PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUE;

PULSE REPETITION RATE;

EID: 77952044990     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.009192     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. W. Becker, Advanced Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting Techniques (Springer, Berlin, 2005).
2. N. Gisin, G. Ribordy, W. Tittel, and H. Zbinden, "Quantum cryptography," Rev. Mod. Phys. 74(1), 145-195 (2002).
3. E. Knill, R. Laflamme, and G. J. Milburn, "A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics," Nature 409(6816), 46-52 (2001).
4. A. Cleary, A. Glidle, P. J. R. Laybourn, S. García-Blanco, S. Pellegrini, C. Helfter, G. S. Buller, J. S. Aitchison, and J. M. Cooper, "Integrating optics and microfluidics for time-correlated single-photon counting in lab-on-a-chip devices," Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(7), 071123 (2007).
5. J. J. Degnan, "Satellite Laser Ranging: Current Status and Future Prospects," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Rem. Sens. GE-23(4), 398-413 (1985).
6. J. J. Degnan, "Photon-counting multikilohertz microlaser altimeters for airborne and spaceborne topographic measurements," J. Geodyn. 34(3-4), 503-549 (2002).
7. G. S. Buller, and A. M. Wallace, "Ranging and Three-Dimensional Imaging Using Time-Correlated Single-Photon Counting and Point-by-Point Acquisition," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13(4), 1006-1015 (2007).
8. W. C. Priedhorsky, R. C. Smith, and C. Ho, "Laser ranging and mapping with a photon-counting detector," Appl. Opt. 35(3), 441-452 (1996).
9. C. Ho, K. L. Albright, A. W. Bird, J. Bradley, D. E. Casperson, M. Hindman, W. C. Priedhorsky, W. R. Scarlett, R. C. Smith, J. Theiler, and S. K. Wilson, "Demonstration of literal three-dimensional imaging," Appl. Opt. 38(9), 1833-1840 (1999).
10. R. M. Marino, and W. R. Davis, Jr., "Jigsaw: A Foliage-Penetrating 3D Imaging Laser Radar System," Lincoln Lab. J. 15, 23-36 (2005).
11. J. Massa, G. Buller, A. Walker, G. Smith, S. Cova, M. Umasuthan, and A. Wallace, "Optical design and evaluation of a three-dimensional imaging and ranging system based on time-correlated single-photon counting," Appl. Opt. 41(6), 1063-1070 (2002).
12. A. McCarthy, R. J. Collins, N. J. Krichel, V. Fernández, A. M. Wallace, and G. S. Buller, "Long-range time-of-flight scanning sensor based on high-speed time-correlated single-photon counting," Appl. Opt. 48(32), 6241-6251 (2009).
13. W. H. Long, D. H. Mooney, and W. A. Skillman, "Pulse Doppler Radar," in Radar Handbook, M. I. Skolnik, ed. (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1990).
14. G. Trunk, and S. Brockett, "Range and velocity ambiguity resolution," in Proceedings of IEEE National Radar Conference (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York, 1993), pp. 146-149.
15. E. C. Farnett, and G. H. Stevens, "Pulse Compression Radar," in Radar Handbook, M. I. Skolnik, ed. (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1990).
16. N. Takeuchi, N. Sugimoto, H. Baba, and K. Sakurai, "Random modulation cw lidar," Appl. Opt. 22(9), 1382-1386 (1983).
17. N. Takeuchi, H. Baba, K. Sakurai, and T. Ueno, "Diode-laser random-modulation cw lidar," Appl. Opt. 25(1), 63-67 (1986).
18. P. A. Hiskett, C. S. Parry, A. McCarthy, and G. S. Buller, "A photon-counting time-of-flight ranging technique developed for the avoidance of range ambiguity at gigahertz clock rates," Opt. Express 16(18), 13685-13698 (2008).
19. R. H. Hadfield, M. J. Stevens, S. S. Gruber, A. J. Miller, R. E. Schwall, R. P. Mirin, and S. W. Nam, "Single photon source characterization with a superconducting single photon detector," Opt. Express 13(26), 10846-10853 (2005).
20. R. E. Warburton, A. McCarthy, A. M. Wallace, S. Hernandez-Marin, R. H. Hadfield, S. W. Nam, and G. S. Buller, "Subcentimeter depth resolution using a single-photon counting time-of-flight laser ranging system at 1550 nm wavelength," Opt. Lett. 32(15), 2266-2268 (2007).
21. G. S. Buller, R. D. Harkins, A. McCarthy, P. A. Hiskett, G. R. MacKinnon, G. R. Smith, R. Sung, A. M. Wallace, R. A. Lamb, K. A. Ridley, and J. G. Rarity, "A multiple wavelength time-of-flight sensor based on time-correlated single-photon counting," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76(8), 083112 (2005).
22. J. S. Massa, A. M. Wallace, G. S. Buller, S. J. Fancey, and A. C. Walker, "Laser depth measurement based on time-correlated single-photon counting," Opt. Lett. 22(8), 543-545 (1997).
23. W. P. Cole, M. A. Marciniak, and M. B. Haeri, "Atmospheric- turbulence-effects correction factors for the laser range equation," Opt. Eng. 47(12), 126001 (2008).
24. A. Berk, L. S. Bernstein, and D. C. Robertson, "MODTRAN: A moderate resolution model for LOWTRAN 7," Technical Note GL-TR-89-0122, available from Geophysics Laboratory/OPE, Air Force Systems Command, Hanscom AFB, Mass. (1989).