The darwins and wells: From revolution to evolution

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences

Volumn 19, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 85-104

  Wade, Nicholas J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Charles Darwin; Erasmus Darwin; Eye movements; Natural selection; Vertigo; Vision; William Charles Wells

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; EVOLUTION; EYE MOVEMENT; HISTORY; HISTORY OF MEDICINE; HUMAN; NEUROSCIENCE; UNITED KINGDOM; VERTIGO; VISION;

BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; ENGLAND; EYE MOVEMENTS; HISTORY OF MEDICINE; HISTORY, 18TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; HUMANS; NEUROSCIENCES; VERTIGO; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 77951996384     PISSN: 0964704X     EISSN: 17445213     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09647040903504807     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Bárány R (1913) : Der Schwindel und seine Beziehungen zum Bogengangapparat des inneren Ohres. Bogengangapparat und Kleinhirn. (Historische Darstellung. Eigene Untersuchungen.) Naturwiss 1: 396-401.
2. Berkeley G (1709) : An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision. Dublin, Pepyat.
3. Boissier de Sauvages F (1772) : Nosologie Méthodique, ou Distribution des Maladies en Classes, en Genres et en Espèces, suivant l'Esprit de Sydenham, & la Méthode des Botanistes (Vol. 4). Lyon, Bruyset.
4. Cohen B (1984) : Erasmus Darwin's observations on rotation and vertigo. Hum Neurobiol 3: 121-128.
5. Cox JM (1804) : Practical Observations on Insanity. London, Baldwin and Murray.
6. Darwin Archive: http://darwin-online.org.uk/
7. Darwin C (1859) : On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. London, Murray.
8. Darwin C (1866) : On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (4th ed.). London, Murray.
9. Darwin C (1869) : On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (5th ed.). London, Murray.
10. Darwin C (1879) : Preliminary notice. In: Krause E, ed., Erasmus Darwin. London, Murray, pp. 1-127.
11. Darwin E (1794) : Zoonomia; or, the Laws of Organic Life (Vol. 1). London, Johnson.
12. Darwin E (1795) : Zoonomia, oder, Gesetze des organischen Lebens (von Brandis, J. D., trans.). Hannover, Hahn.
13. Darwin E (1796) : Zoonomia; or, the Laws of Organic Life. London, Johnson, Vol. 1, second ed.
14. Darwin E (1801) : Zoonomia; or, the Laws of Organic Life. Vol. 4. (3rd ed.). London, Johnson.
15. Darwin E (1803) : The Temple of Nature. London, Johnson.
16. Darwin RW (1786) : New experiments on the ocular spectra of light and colours. Phil Trans Roy Soc 76: 313-348.
17. Desmond A, Moore J (1991) : Darwin. London, Michael Joseph.
18. Desmond A, Moore J (2009) : Darwin's Sacred Cause: How a Hatred of Slavery Shaped Darwin's Views on Human Evolution. London, Penguin.
19. Finger S (2010) : Dr. Alexander Garden, a Linnaean in colonial America, and the travels of some South American "electric eels." Perspect Biol. Med. in press.
20. Franklin B (1765/1970) : Letter to Lord Kames. In: Smyth AH, ed., The Writings of Benjamin Franklin. Vol. IX. 1783-1788. New York, Haskell House, p. 25.
21. Green JHS (1957) : William Charles Wells FRS (1757-1817) Nature 179: 997-999.
22. Griffith CR (1922) : An Historical Survey of Vestibular Equilibration. Urbana, IL, University of Illinois Press.
23. Grüsser O-J (1984) : J. E. Purkyne's contributions to the physiology of the visual, the vestibular and the oculomotor systems. Hum Neurobiol 3: 129-144.
24. Harris H (1999) : The Birth of the Cell. Yale University Press, New Haven.
25. Hodge C (2008) : What is Darwinism? Charleston, SC, BiblioBazaar.
26. Hunter R, MacAlpine I (1963) : Three Hundred Years of Psychiatry 1535-1860. A History Presented in Selected English Texts. London, Oxford University Press.
27. James RR (1928) : William Charles Wells, M. D, F. R. S. 1757-1817. Brit J Ophthal 12: 561-569.
28. Jones S (2009) : Darwin's Island: The Galapagos in the garden of England. London, Little Brown.
29. King-Hele D (1977) : Doctor of Revolution. The Life and Genius of Erasmus Darwin. London, Faber & Faber.
30. King-Hele D (1999) : Erasmus Darwin. A Life of Unequalled Achievement. London, De La Mare.
31. King-Hele D (ed.) (2002) : Charles Darwin's 'Life of Erasmus Darwin.' Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
32. King-Hele D (2005) : Prologue: Catching up with Erasmus Darwin in the new century. In: Smith CUM, Arnott R, eds., The Genius of Erasmus Darwin. London, Ashgate, pp. 13-29.
33. Kruta V (1964) : M.-J.-P. Flourens, J.-E. Purkyne et les Débuts de la Physiologie de la Posture et de l'équilibre. Paris, Alençonnaise.
34. Lister W (1817) : Memoir of William Charles Wells, M. D. Gent Mag 87: 467-471.
35. Lucretius (1975) : De Rerum Natura (Rouse WHD, trans.). Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press.
36. Mach E (1875) : Grundlinien der Lehre von den Bewegungsempfindungen. Leipzig, Engelmann.
37. Mach E (2001) : Fundamentals of the Theory of Movement Perception (Young LR, Henn V, Scherberger H, trans.). New York, Kluwer/Plenum.
38. Osborn HF (1894) : From the Greeks to Darwin: An Outline of the Development of the Evolution Idea. London, Macmillan.
39. Owen R (1849) : On the Nature of Limbs: A Discourse. London, van Voorst.
40. Pearson H (1930) : Doctor Darwin. London, Dent.
41. Pleadwell FL (1934) : That remarkable philosopher and physician, Wells of Charleston. Ann Med Hist 6: 128-142.
42. Porterfield W (1759) : A Treatise on the Eye, the Manner and Phænomena of Vision (Vol. 2). Edinburgh, Hamilton and Balfour.
43. Purkinje J (1820) : Beyträge zur näheren Kenntniss des Schwindels aus heautognostischen Daten. Med Jahrb des kais-könig österreich Staates 6: 79-125.
44. Schickore J (2007) : The Microscope and the Eye. A History of Reflections, 1740-1870. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
45. Shryock RH (1944) : The strange case of Wells' theory of natural selection. In: Montagu MFA, ed., Studies and Essays in the History of Science and Learning offered in Homage to George Sarton. Schuman, New York, pp. 197-207.
46. Smith CUM (2005) : All from fibres: Erasmus Darwin's evolutionary psychobiology. In Smith CUM, Arnott R, eds., The Genius of Erasmus Darwin. London, Ashgate, pp. 133-143.
47. Tyndall J (1863) : Heat Considered as a Mode of Motion. London, Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, & Green.
48. Uglow J (2002) : The Lunar Men. The Friends who made the Future. 1730-1810. London, Faber and Faber.
49. Wade NJ (1998) : A Natural History of Vision. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press.
50. Wade NJ (2000) : William Charles Wells (1757-1817) and vestibular research before Purkinje and Flourens. J Vestib Res 10: 127-137.
51. Wade NJ (2003) : Destined for Distinguished Oblivion: The Scientific Vision of William Charles Wells (1757-1817), New York, Kluwer/Plenum.
52. Wade NJ (2005) : The vertiginous philosophers: Erasmus Darwin and William Charles Wells on Vertigo. In: Smith CUM, Arnott R, eds., The Genius of Erasmus Darwin. London, Ashgate, pp. 83-97.
53. Wade NJ, Brožek J (2001) : Purkinje's Vision. The Dawning of Neuroscience. Mahwah, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
54. Wade NJ, Norrsell U, Presly A (2005) : Cox's chair: "A moral and a medical mean in the treatment of maniacs." Hist Psychiat 16: 73-88.
55. Wade NJ, Ono H, Mapp A (2006) : The lost direction in binocular vision: The neglected signs posted by Wells, Towne, and LeConte. J Hist Behav Sci 42: 61-86.
56. Wells KD (1973) : William Charles Wells and the races of man. Isis 64: 215-225.
57. Wells LS (1906) : The Journal of a Voyage from Charlestown, S. C., to London, Undertaken during the American Revolution. New York, New York Historical Society.
58. Wells WC (1792) : An Essay upon Single Vision with two Eyes: Together with Experiments and Observations on Several other Subjects in Optics. London, Cadell. (Reprinted in Wade, 2003.)
59. Wells WC (1794a) : Reply to Dr. Darwin on vision. Gent Mag 64: 794-797. (Reprinted in Wade, 2003).
60. Wells WC (1794b) : Reply to Dr. Darwin on vision. Gent Mag 64: 905-907. (Reprinted in Wade, 2003).
61. Wells WC (1818) : Two Essays: One Upon Single Vision with Two Eyes; The Other on Dew. London, Constable.
62. White WJ (1964) : A History of the Centrifuge in Aerospace Medicine. Santa Monica, CA, Douglas Aircraft Company.
63. Willcox WB (1978) : The Papers of Benjamin Franklin (Vol. 21). New Haven, CT, Yale University Press.
64. Willis T (1672) : De Anima Brutorum. London, Wells & Scott.