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This is an interesting physiological study demonstrating that NRS administered by nasal or facial mask improves the breathing pattern and gas exchange, and unloads respiratory muscles in children with hypercapnic ARF. Moreover, auto-triggering has been identified as the main cause of patient-ventilator asynchrony
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Essouri S, Durand P, Chevret L, et al. Physiological effects of noninvasive • positive ventilation during acute moderate hypercapnic respiratory insufficiency in children. Intensive Care Med 2008; 34: 2248-2255. This is an interesting physiological study demonstrating that NRS administered by nasal or facial mask improves the breathing pattern and gas exchange, and unloads respiratory muscles in children with hypercapnic ARF. Moreover, auto-triggering has been identified as the main cause of patient-ventilator asynchrony.
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This is a nonrandomized prospective pilot study designed to investigate the effects of NRS after extubation in children. NRS delivered via a turbine flow generator reduced dyspnea score and inspiratory muscle effort
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Stucky P, Perez MH, Scalfaro P, et al. Feasibility of noninvasive pressure • support ventilation in infants with respiratory failure after extubation: a pilot study. Intensive Care Med 2009; 35: 1623-1627. This is a nonrandomized prospective pilot study designed to investigate the effects of NRS after extubation in children. NRS delivered via a turbine flow generator reduced dyspnea score and inspiratory muscle effort.
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Prospective observational study evaluating predictive factors for NRS failure. Diagnosis of pneumonia, high PRISM score at admission and slow respiratory rate decrease after 1 h of noninvasive treatment were independent risk factors for NRS failure
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Mayordomo-Colunga J, Medina A, Corsino R, et al. Predictive factors of • noninvasive ventilation failure in critically ill children: a prospective epidemiological study. Intensive Care Med 2009; 35: 527-536. Prospective observational study evaluating predictive factors for NRS failure. Diagnosis of pneumonia, high PRISM score at admission and slow respiratory rate decrease after 1 h of noninvasive treatment were independent risk factors for NRS failure.
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Thille AW, Lyazidi A, Richard JC, et al. A bench study of intensive-care-unit ventilators: new versus old and turbine-based versus compressed gas-based ventilators. Intensive Care Med 2009; 35: 1368-1376.
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Codazzi D, Nacoti M, Passoni M, et al. Continuous positive airway pressure with modified helmet for treatment of hypoxemic acute respiratory failure in infants and a preschool population: A feasibility study. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2006; 7: 455-460.
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Epub ahead of print This paper suggests that the helmet is safe and better tolerated than the facial mask during nCPAP in infants with ARF
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Chidini G, Calderini E, Pelosi P. Treatment of acute hypoxemic respiratory • failure with continuous positive airway pressure delivered by a new pediatric helmet in comparison with a standard full face mask: a prospective pilot study. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2009. [Epub ahead of print] This paper suggests that the helmet is safe and better tolerated than the facial mask during nCPAP in infants with ARF.
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This nice study demonstrates that nPPV administration is feasible and well tolerated in immunocompromised children with ARDS and that a short trial can be used to predict nPPV failure
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Piastra M, De Luca D, Pietrini D, et al. Noninvasive pressure-support ventila-• tion in immunocompromised children with ARDS: a feasibility study. Intensive Care Med 2009; 35: 1420-1427. This nice study demonstrates that nPPV administration is feasible and well tolerated in immunocompromised children with ARDS and that a short trial can be used to predict nPPV failure.
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In this study the authors reported improvement in ventilation and breathing pattern with NRS compared with spontaneous breathing
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Thia LP, McKenzie SA, Blyth TP, et al. Randomized controlled trial of nasal • continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) in bronchiolitis. Arch Dis Child 2008; 93: 45-47. In this study the authors reported improvement in ventilation and breathing pattern with NRS compared with spontaneous breathing.
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Nasal contin-•• uous positive airway pressure with heliox versus air oxygen in infants with acute bronchiolitis: A crossover study
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This is a randomized study showing that nasal CPAP improves gas exchange and respiratory pattern in infants with severe bronchiolitis. These positive effects were enhanced when heliox was used in place of an air-oxygen mixture
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Martinon-Torres F, Rodriguez-Nunez A, Martinon-Sanvhez JM. Nasal contin-•• uous positive airway pressure with heliox versus air oxygen in infants with acute bronchiolitis: a crossover study. Pediatrics 2008; 121: 1190-1195. This is a randomized study showing that nasal CPAP improves gas exchange and respiratory pattern in infants with severe bronchiolitis. These positive effects were enhanced when heliox was used in place of an air-oxygen mixture.
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This is the first randomized study demonstrating the efficacy of nPPV by facial mask in reducing the intubation rate in children with ARF of various origins
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Large retrospective cohort study evaluating the effect of nPPV in children with hematological malignancies and ARF. The overall success rate was as high as 74%. The authors stated that nPPV should be used as first-line treatment in this selected population
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Pancera CF, Hayashi M, Fregnani JH, et al. Noninvasive ventilation in im-• munocompromised pediatric patients: eight years of experience in a pediatric oncology intensive care unit. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2008; 30: 533-538.
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