Electrophysiological activation by masked primes: Independence of prime-related and target-related activities

Advances in Cognitive Psychology

Volumn 3, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 449-465

  Klotz, Werner ^a   Heumann, Manfred ^a   Ansorge, Ulrich ^b   Neumann, Odmar ^a  

^a BIELEFELD UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OSNABRÜCK   (Germany)

Author keywords

EEG recording; Go Nogo; LRP; Metacontrast

Indexed keywords

EID: 77951929694     PISSN: 18951171     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2478/v10053-008-0008-1     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Breitmeyer, B. G. (1984). Visual masking: An integrative approach. New York: Oxford University Press.
2. Breitmeyer, B. G., & Ogmen, H. (2000). Recent models and findings in visual backward masking: A comparison, review, and update. Perception & Psychophysics, 62, 1572-1595. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd= Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list-uids=11140180 [PubMed]
3. Breitmeyer, B. G., & Ogmen, H. (2006). Visual masking: Time slices through conscious and unconscious vision (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4. Coles, M. G. H. (1989). Modern mind-brain reading: Psychophysiology, physiology, and cognition. Psychophysiology, 26, 251-269. http://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list-uids= 2667018 [PubMed]
5. Damian, M. F. (2001). Congruity effects evoked by subliminally presented primes: Automaticity rather than semantic priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 27, 154-165. http://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list-uids= 11248930 [PubMed]
6. Dulany, D. E. (2001, March). Inattentional awareness. PSYCHE, 7(5). Retrieved from http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/v7/psyche-7-05.dulany.html
7. Eckstein, D., & Perrig, W. J. (in press). The influence of intention on masked priming: A study with semantic classification of words. Cognition.
8. Eimer, M. (1998). The lateralized readiness potential as an on-line measure of central response activation processes. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 30, 146-156. (Pubitemid 128683398)
9. Eimer, M. (1999). Facilitatory and inhibitory effects of masked prime stimuli on motor activation and behavioural performance. Acta Psychologica, 101, 293-313. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db= pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list-uids=10344189 [PubMed]
10. Jaskowski, P., van der Lubbe, R. H. J., Schlotterbeck, E., & Verleger, R. (2002). Traces left on visual selective attention by not consciously identified stimuli. Psychological Science, 13, 48-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt= Abstract&list-uids=11894850 [PubMed] (Pubitemid 41692331)
11. Kiefer, M. (2002). The N400 is modulated by unconsciously perceived masked words: Further evidence for an automatic spreading activation account of N400 priming effects. Cognitive Brain Research, 13, 27-39. http://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list-uids= 11867248 [PubMed] (Pubitemid 34183361)
12. Kiefer, M., & Brendel, D. (2006). Attentional modulation of unconscious semantic processes: Evidence from event-related potentials in masked priming paradigm. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18, 1-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt= Abstract&list-uids=16494680 [PubMed]
13. Kiefer, M., & Spitzer, M. (2000). Time course of conscious and unconscious semantic brain activation. Neuro Report, 11, 2401-2407. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt= Abstract&list-uids=10943693 [PubMed] (Pubitemid 30622279)
14. Klauer, K. C., & Greenwald, A. G. (2000). Measurement error in subliminal perception experiments: Simulation analyses of two regression methods - Comment on Miller (2000). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 26, 1506-1508.
15. Klotz, W., & Neumann, O. (1999). Motor activation without conscious discrimination in metacontrast masking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 25, 976-992.
16. Klotz, W., & Wolff, P. (1995). The effect of a masked stimulus on the response to the masking stimulus. Psychological Research, 58, 92-101. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt= Abstract&list-uids=7480512 [PubMed]
17. Kunde, W., Kiesel, A., & Hoffmann, J. (2003). Conscious control over the content of unconscious cognition. Cognition, 88, 223-242. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt= Abstract&list-uids=12763320 [PubMed] (Pubitemid 36579315)
18. Lamme, V. A., & Roelfsema, P. R. (2000). The distinct modes of vision offered by feedforward and recurrent processing. Trends in Cognitive Neurosciences, 23, 571-579. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd= Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list-uids=11074267 [PubMed]
19. Leuthold, H., & Kopp, B. (1998). Mechanisms of priming by masked stimuli: Inferences from event-related brain potentials. Psychological Science, 9, 263-269. (Pubitemid 128102592)
20. Merikle, P. M., Smilek, D., & Eastwood, J. D. (2001). Perception without awareness: Perspectives from cognitive psychology. Cognition, 79, 115-134. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db= pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list-uids=11164025 [PubMed] (Pubitemid 32054798)
21. Miller, J. (2000). Measurement error in subliminal perception experiments: Simulation analyses of two regression methods. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 26, 1461-1477. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt= Abstract&list-uids=10946725 [PubMed]
22. Naccache, L., Blandin, E., & Dehaene, S. (2001). Unconscious masked priming depends on temporal attention. Psychological Science, 13, 416-424. (Pubitemid 41692262)
23. Naccache, L., & Dehaene, S. (2001). Unconscious semantic priming extends to novel unseen stimuli. Cognition, 80, 223-237. http://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list-uids= 11274983 [PubMed] (Pubitemid 32220180)
24. Naccache, L., Gaillard, R., Adam, C., Hasboun, D., Cl?menceau, S., Baulac, M., et al. (2005). A direct intracranial record of emotions evoked by subliminal words. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 102, 7713-7717. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db= pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list-uids=15897465 [PubMed] (Pubitemid 41494565)
25. Neumann, O., & Klotz, W. (1994). Motor responses to nonreportable, masked stimuli: Where is the limit of direct parameter specification. In C. Umilt́ & M. Moscovitch (Eds.), Attention and performance XV: Conscious and nonconscious information processing (pp. 123-150). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
26. Neumann, O., & Scharlau, I. (2007). Experiments on the Fehrer-Raab effect and the 'Weather Station Model' of visual backward masking. Psychological Research, 71, 667-677. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd= Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list-uids=16715303 [PubMed]
27. Ratcliff, R., Van Zandt, T., & McKoon, R. (1999). Connectionist and diffusion models of reaction time. Psychological Review, 102, 261-300.
28. Scharlau, I., & Neumann, O. (2003). Perceptual latency priming by masked and unmasked stimuli: Evidence for an attentional interpretation. Psychological Research, 67, 184-197. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list-uids=12955508 [PubMed] (Pubitemid 38284619)
29. Schlaghecken, F., & Eimer, M. (2001). Partial response activation to masked primes is not dependent on response readiness. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 92, 208-222. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd= Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list-uids=11322588 [PubMed] (Pubitemid 33604879)
30. Schlaghecken, F., & Eimer, M. (2004). Masked stimuli can bias "free" choices between response alternatives. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11, 463-468. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd= Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list-uids=15376796 [PubMed] (Pubitemid 39234115)
31. Schmidt, T., Niehaus, S., & Nagel, A. (2006). Primes and targets in rapid chases: Tracing sequential waves of motor activation. Behavioural Neuroscience, 120, 1005-1016. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd= Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list-uids=17014252 [PubMed] (Pubitemid 44584012)
32. Schmidt, T., & Vorberg, D. (2006). Criteria for unconscious cognition: Three types of dissociation. Perception & Psychophysics, 68, 489-504. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db= pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list-uids=16900839 [PubMed] (Pubitemid 44870322)
33. Vath, N., & Schmidt, T. (2007). Tracing sequential waves of rapid visuomotor activation in lateralized readiness potentials. Neuroscience, 145, 197-208. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db= pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list-uids=17258867 [PubMed] (Pubitemid 46227726)
34. Vorberg, D., Mattler, U., Heinecke, A., Schmidt, T., & Schwarzbach, J. (2004). Invariant time-course of priming with and without awareness. In C. Kaernbach, E. Schröger & H. Müller (Eds.), Psychophysics beyond sensation: Laws and invariants of human cognition (pp. 271-288). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
35. Winer, B. J. (1971). Statistical principles in experimental design (2nd ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
36. Wolff, P. (1989, April). Einflu des maskierten Testreizes auf die Wahlreaktion auf den Metacontrast [The influence of the masked test-stimulus on reaction time on metacontrast]. Paper presented at the 31st Congress of Experimental Psychology, Bamberg, Germany.
37. Ansorge, U. (2004). Top-down contingencies of nonconscious priming revealed by dual-task interference. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 57A, 1123-1148. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd= Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list-uids=15370519 [PubMed] (Pubitemid 39137798)
38. Ansorge, U., Breitmeyer, B. G., & Becker, S. I. (in press). Comparing sensitivity across different processing measures under metacontrast masking conditions. Vision Research.
39. Ansorge, U., & Heumann, M. (2006). Shifts of visuo-spatial attention to invisible (metacontrast-masked) singletons: Clues from reaction times and event-related potentials. Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 2, 61-76.
40. Ansorge, U., Klotz, W., & Neumann, O. (1998). Manual and verbal responses to completely masked (unreportable) stimuli: Exploring some conditions for the metaconstrast dissociation. Perception, 27, 1177-1189. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt= Abstract&list-uids=10505196 [PubMed] (Pubitemid 128448620)
41. Ansorge, U., & Neumann, O. (2001). Intentions determine the effect of nonconsciously registered visual information: Evidence for direct parameter specification in the metacontrast dissociation. Proceedings of the AISB '01 Symposium on nonconscious intelligence: From natural to artificial (pp. 1-8). York, UK: AISB.
42. Ansorge, U., & Neumann, O. (2005). Intentions determine the effect of invisible metacontrast-masked primes: Evidence for top-down contingencies in a peripheral cueing task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31, 762-777. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd= Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list-uids=16131248 [PubMed] (Pubitemid 41323169)