Multiphoton ionization and multiphoton resonances in the tunneling regime

Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

Volumn 81, Issue 5, 2010, Pages

  Potvliege, R M ^a   Mese E ^a,b   Vučić, Svetlana ^c  

^a DURHAM UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b University of Dicle   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE   (Serbia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AB INITIO; DRESSED STATE; FLOQUET; FLOQUET THEORY; GAUGE FORMULATION; HERMITIANS; HIGH FREQUENCY HF; HIGH INTENSITY; IONIZATION PROCESS; IONIZATION RATES; KELDYSH PARAMETER; LASER FIELDS; LONG WAVELENGTH; LOW FREQUENCY; MONOCHROMATIC LASERS; MULTI-PHOTON COUPLING; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; MULTIPHOTON RESONANCES; NON-ADIABATICITY; QUASI-ENERGY SPECTRUM; RESONANCE STRUCTURE; SINGLE ACTIVE ELECTRON APPROXIMATIONS; STRONG-FIELD APPROXIMATIONS; TUNNELING REGIME;

ARGON; ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; EXCITED STATES; GAGES; HELIUM; IONIZATION OF LIQUIDS; LASER OPTICS; MULTIPHOTON PROCESSES; PHOTOIONIZATION; RESONANCE;

PARTICLE DETECTORS;

EID: 77951917415     PISSN: 10502947     EISSN: 10941622     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.81.053402     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. L. V. Keldysh, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 47, 1945 (1964)
2. L. V. Keldysh, [Sov. Phys. JETP 20, 1307 (1965)].
3. W. Becker, F. Grasbon, R. Kopold, D. B. Milošević, G. G. Paulus, and H. Walther, Adv. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 1049-250X 10.1016/S1049- 250X(02)80006-4 48, 35 (2002);
4. F. Krausz and M. Ivanov, Rev. Mod. Phys. RMPHAT 0034-6861 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.163 81, 163 (2009).
5. No resonance structure arising from the coupling of the ground state with intermediate states could have been resolved in the measurements of the ATI spectrum done so far in the tunneling regime, for pulses exceeding 100 fs in duration, because at the high intensities involved they would have been washed out by the focal averaging and the large ponderomotive scattering [see, e.g., B. Walker, B. Sheehy, L. F. DiMauro, P. Agostini, K. J. Schafer, and K. C. Kulander, Phys. Rev. Lett. PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.1227 73, 1227 (1994)].
6. Ponderomotive scattering is less severe in ultrafast pulses, but there the short duration of the pulses can be expected to hinder resonance with excited states [see, e.g., G. G. Paulus, F. Grasbon, H. Walther, R. Kopold, and W. Becker, Phys. Rev. A PLRAAN 1050-2947 10.1103/PhysRevA.64.021401 64, 021401 (2001)].
7. The SFA theory has been extended to recollision-free tunnel ionization concomitant with the excitation of the core-see, e.g., W. A. Bryan, Nat. Phys. PLRAAN 1745-2473 10.1038/nphys310 2, 379 (2006) and references therein. However, here we focus on the process where a singly excited state of the original atom acts as an intermediate state in the detachment of the valence electron.
8. R. R. Freeman, P. H. Bucksbaum, H. Milchberg, S. Darack, D. Schumacher, and M. E. Geusic, Phys. Rev. Lett. PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.1092 59, 1092 (1987).
9. R. M. Potvliege and R. Shakeshaft, Phys. Rev. A PLRAAN 1050-2947 10.1103/PhysRevA.40.3061 40, 3061 (1989).
10. R. Shakeshaft, R. M. Potvliege, M. Dörr, and W. E. Cooke, Phys. Rev. A PLRAAN 1050-2947 10.1103/PhysRevA.42.1656 42, 1656 (1990).
11. J. S. Parker, K. J. Meharg, G. A. McKenna, and K. T. Taylor, J. Phys. B JPAPEH 0953-4075 10.1088/0953-4075/40/10/008 40, 1729 (2007).
12. J. S. Parker, G. S. J. Armstrong, M. Boca, and K. T. Taylor, J. Phys. B JPAPEH 0953-4075 10.1088/0953-4075/42/13/134011 42, 134011 (2009).
13. H. G. Muller, Phys. Rev. Lett. PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83. 3158 83, 3158 (1999).
14. H. G. Muller, Opt. Express OPEXFF 1094-4087 10.1364/OE.8.000086 8, 86 (2000).
15. M. Gavrila, Adv. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Suppl. 1, 435 (1992).
16. M. Pont, N. R. Walet, and M. Gavrila, Phys. Rev. A PLRAAN 1050-2947 10.1103/PhysRevA.41.477 41, 477 (1990).
17. E. Mese and R. M. Potvliege, Phys. Rev. A PLRAAN 1050-2947 10.1103/PhysRevA.77.023414 77, 023414 (2008).
18. A. Maquet, Shih-I. Chu, and W. P. Reinhardt, Phys. Rev. A PLRAAN 1050-2947 10.1103/PhysRevA.27.2946 27, 2946 (1983);
19. S. Graffi, V. Grecchi, and H. J. Silverstone, Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré Phys. Théor. 42, 215 (1985), and references therein.
20. R. M. Potvliege and R. Shakeshaft, Adv. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Suppl. 1, 373 (1992);
21. S.-I. Chu and D. A. Telnov, Phys. Rep. PRPLCM 0370-1573 10.1016/j.physrep.2003.10.001 390, 1 (2004).
22. A. M. Perelomov, V. S. Popov, and M. V. Terent'ev, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 50, 1393 (1966)
23. A. M. Perelomov, V. S. Popov, and M. V. Terent'ev, [Sov. Phys. JETP 23, 924 (1966)].
24. A. M. Perelomov and V. S. Popov, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 52, 514 (1967)
25. A. M. Perelomov and V. S. Popov, [Sov. Phys. JETP 25, 336 (1967)].
26. F. H. M. Faisal, J. Phys. B JPAMA4 0022-3700 10.1088/0022-3700/6/4/011 6, L89 (1973).
27. H. R. Reiss, Phys. Rev. A PLRAAN 1050-2947 10.1103/PhysRevA.22.1786 22, 1786 (1980).
28. A. Becker, L. Plaja, P. Moreno, M. Nurhuda, and F. H. M. Faisal, Phys. Rev. A PLRAAN 1050-2947 10.1103/PhysRevA.64.023408 64, 023408 (2001);
29. See also A. Becker and F. H. M. Faisal, Phys. Rev. A PLRAAN 1050-2947 10.1103/PhysRevA.59.R1742 59, R1742 (1999);
30. The validity of this Coulomb correction has been discussed by H. R. Reiss [Phys. Rev. A PLRAAN 1050-2947 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.055405 65, 055405 (2002)]
31. and by C. C. Chirilä [Ph.D. thesis (University of Durham, 2004)].
32. M. Pont, R. Shakeshaft, and R. M. Potvliege, Phys. Rev. A PLRAAN 1050-2947 10.1103/PhysRevA.42.6969 42, 6969 (1990).
33. M. Pont, R. M. Potvliege, R. Shakeshaft, and Z.-j. Teng, Phys. Rev. A PLRAAN 1050-2947 10.1103/PhysRevA.45.8235 45, 8235 (1992).
34. R. M. Potvliege and S. Vučić, Phys. Rev. A PLRAAN 1050-2947 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.023412 74, 023412 (2006).
35. R. M. Potvliege, Comput. Phys. Commun. CPHCBZ 0010-4655 10.1016/S0010-4655(98)00073-3 114, 42 (1998). The fortran code is distributed by the Computer Physics Communications Program Library.
36. M. J. Nandor, M. A. Walker, L. D. Van Woerkom, and H. G. Muller, Phys. Rev. A PLRAAN 1050-2947 10.1103/PhysRevA.60.R1771 60, R1771 (1999).
37. V. S. Popov, Usp. Fiz. Nauk UFNAAG 0042-1294 10.3367/UFNr.0174.200409a. 0921 174, 921 (2004)
38. V. S. Popov, [Phys. Usp. PHUSEY 1063-7869 10.1070/PU2004v047n09ABEH001812 47, 855 (2004)].
39. N. B. Delone and V. P. Krainov, Multiphoton Processes in Atoms (Springer, Berlin, 1994).
40. B. M. Smirnov and M. I. Chibisov, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 49, 841 (1965)
41. B. M. Smirnov and M. I. Chibisov, [Sov. Phys. JETP 22, 585 (1966)].
42. In Ref. [21], Becker, multiply the single-active-electron rate by a factor of 2 to account for the presence of two equivalent electrons in the ionizing shell. For consistency with the other methods considered in this article, we do not make this correction.
43. C. Leubner, Phys. Rev. A PLRAAN 1050-2947 10.1103/PhysRevA.23.2877 23, 2877 (1981).
44. The variation of the momentum-space wave function of the initial state has been shown to modulate the ATI spectrum at low frequencies [H. R. Reiss, Phys. Rev. Lett. PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.143003 102, 143003 (2009)]. This variation plays no role in the oscillations of the total ionization rate discussed here.
45. The convergence to the adiabatic rate at increasing intensities and wavelengths has already been illustrated in Refs. [7,22,23] and, more recently, Ref. [9].
46. P. Colosimo, Nat. Phys. PRLTAO 1745-2473 10.1038/nphys914 4, 386 (2008).
47. R. J. Vos and M. Gavrila, Phys. Rev. Lett. PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.170 68, 170 (1992);
48. R. M. Potvliege and P. H. G. Smith, in Super Intense Laser-Atom Physics, edited by, B. Piraux, A. L'Huillier, and, K. Rza̧źewski, (Plenum Press, New York, 1993), p. 173.