How psychogenic is dystonia views from past to present

Brain

Volumn 133, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 1552-1564

  Munts, Alexander G ^a,b   Koehler, Peter J ^c  

^a Kennemer Gasthuis ^*  (Netherlands)

^b LEIDEN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^c Sittard Geleen Heerlen   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Dystonia; History of medicine; History of neurology; Psychogenic

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BRAIN DAMAGE; CERVICAL DYSTONIA; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; DYSTONIA; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FOCAL DYSTONIA; GENERALIZED DYSTONIA; HUMAN; HYSTERIA; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MENTAL DISEASE; NEUROIMAGING; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; NEUROSIS; NONHUMAN; PAIN; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOANALYSIS; PSYCHOGENESIS; PSYCHOTHERAPY; SENSORIMOTOR INTEGRATION; SENSORIMOTOR NEUROPATHY; WRITER'S CRAMP;

COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROMES; DYSTONIA; DYSTONIC DISORDERS; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 21ST CENTURY; HUMANS; MENTAL DISORDERS; NEUROLOGY; TORTICOLLIS;

EID: 77951903545     PISSN: 00068950     EISSN: 14602156     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/brain/awq050     Document Type: Article

References (133)

1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistic manual of mental disorders, fourth edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR). Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.; 2000
2. Anonymous. Middlesex Hospital. Lancet 1825; 4: 189-192
3. Anonymous. A case in which severe spasmodic affection of cervical muscles is produced by movement. Lancet 1867; 90: 128-129
4. Anonymous. Philadelphia Neurological Society. J Nerv Ment Dis 1890; 15: 829-832
5. Anonymous. One hundred and sixth annual meeting of the British Medical Association held in Plymouth, July, 1938. The sections. Summary of proceedings. BMJ 1938; 2: 238-250
6. Babinski J. Sur un cas d'hé mispasme (contribution à l'étude de la patho-génie du torticolis spasmodique). Rev Neurol 1900; 8: 142-147
7. Barraquer L. Contribución al estú dio de la atetosis. Gaceta Medica Catalana 1897; 20: 385-391
8. Barraquer-Bordas L, Gimenez-Roldan S. Idiopathic torsion dystonia as described by Barraquer-Roviralta. Adv Neurol 1988; 50: 665-666
9. Bell C. The nervous system of the human body. London: Henry Renshaw; 1844. p. 414-425
10. Berrios GE, Beer D. Unitary psychosis concept. In: Berrios GE, Porter R, editors. A history of clinical psychiatry. London: Athlone; 1995. p. 313-335
11. Bhatia KP, Bhatt MH, Marsden CD. The causalgia-dystonia syndrome. Brain 1993; 116: 843-851
12. Biemond A. Diagnostiek van hersenziekten. Haarlem: De Erven F. Bohn N.V.; 1946.
13. Boissier de Sauvages F. Nosologia methodica sistens morborum classes juxtà Sydenhami mentem & botanicorum ordinem. Vol.1. Amsterdam: Fratrum de Tournes; 1768. p. 536-537
14. Boissier de Sauvages F. Nosologie méthodique, dans laquelle les maladies sont rangées par classes, suivant le systême de Sydenham, & l'ordre des Botaniste. Vol.1. Paris: Hérissant le Fils; 1771. p. 724-726
15. Bouman L, Brouwer B. Leerboek der zenuwziekten. Vol.2. Part 2. Haarlem: De Erven F. Bohn; 1930.
16. Breakefield XO, Blood AJ, Li Y, Hallett M, Hanson PI, Standaert DG. The pathophysiological basis of dystonias. Nat Rev Neurosci 2008; 9: 222-234
17. Breuer J, Freud S. Studien ü ber Hysterie. Leipzig: Franz Deuticke; 1909. p. 37-90.
18. Brierley H. The treatment of hysterical spasmodic torticollis by behaviour therapy. Behav Res Ther 1967; 5: 139-142
19. Brissaud E. Leçons sur les maladies nerveuses (Salpê trière, 1893-1894). Paris: G. Masson; 1895. p. 502-520
20. Brudny J, Korein J, Levidow L, Grynbaum BB, Lieberman A, Friedmann LW. Sensory feedback therapy as a modality of treatment in central nervous system disorders of voluntary movement. Neurology 1974; 24: 925-932
21. Bumke O, Foerster O. Handbuch der Neurologie. Vol.17. Berlin: Julius Springer; 1935.
22. Bumke O, Foerster O. Handbuch der Neurologie. Vol.16. Berlin: Julius Springer; 1936.
23. Burke RE. Sir Charles Sherrington's, The integrative action of the nervous system: a centenary appreciation. Brain 2007; 130: 887-894
24. Bynum WF. The nervous patient in eighteenth-and nineteenth-century Britain: the psychiatric origins of British neurology. Vol.1. In: Bynum WJ, Porter R, Shepherd M, editors. The anatomy of madness. London: Tavistock; 1985. p. 89-102.
25. Charcot JM. Leçons du Mardi à la Salpê trière. Policliniques. 1887-1888. Paris: Progrès Médical; 1887 [sic], p. 489-492
26. Charcot JM. Hospice de la Salpêtriè re. Clinique des maladies du système nerveux. Vol.1. Paris: Progrès Mé dical; 1892. p. 95-116.
27. Clark LP. Some observations upon the etiology of mental torticollis. J Nerv Ment Dis 1914; 41: 245-248
28. Cojan Y, Waber L, Carruzzo A, Vuilleumier P. Motor inhibition in hysterical conversion paralysis. Neuroimage 2009; 47: 1026-1037
29. Cooper IS. Dystonia musculorum deformans: natural history and neuro-surgical alleviation. J Pediatr 1969; 74: 585-592
30. Cottraux JA, Juenet C, Collet L. The treatment of writer's cramp with multimodal behaviour therapy and biofeedback: a study of 15 cases. Br J Psychiatry 1983; 142: 180-183
31. Curschmann H. Ü ber Labyrintherkrankungen als Ursache des spasmo-dischen Torticollis. Deutsche Zeitschrift für Nervenheilkunde 1907; 33: 305-316
32. de Quervain F. La Semaine Mé dicale 1896; 16: 405-9.
33. Defazio G, Berardelli A, Hallett M. Do primary adult-onset focal dysto-nias share aetiological factors? Brain 2007; 130: 1183-1193
34. Denny-Brown D. The nature of dystonia. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 1965; 41: 858-69.
35. Denny-Brown D. The cerebral control of movement. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press; 1966.
36. Duchenne GM. De L'électrisation localisée et de son application à la pathologie et à la thé rapeutique. Paris: J.-B. Baillière et fils; 1861. p. 918-946
37. Dupuytren G. Leçons orales de clinique chirurgicale faites à l'Hô tel-Dieu de Paris. Vol.3. Paris: Germer Baillière; 1839. p. 455-461
38. Eldridge R, Fahn S. Preface. Adv Neurol 1976; 14:
39. V. Eldridge R, Riklan M, Cooper IS. The limited role of psychotherapy in torsion dystonia. Experience with 44 cases. JAMA 1969; 210: 705-708
40. Espay AJ, Morgante F, Purzner J, Gunraj CA, Lang AE, Chen R. Cortical and spinal abnormalities in psychogenic dystonia. Ann Neurol 2006; 59: 825-834
41. Evans JA. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1946; 82: 36-43.
42. Fahn S. Concept and classification of dystonia. Adv Neurol 1988; 50: 1-8.
43. Fahn S, Eldridge R. Definition of dystonia and classification of the dystonic states. Adv Neurol 1976; 14: 1-5.
44. Fahn S, Williams D, Reches A, Lesser RP, Jankovic J, Silberstein SD. Hysterical dystonia, a rare disorder: report of five documented cases. Neurology 1983; 33(Suppl 2): 161.
45. Fahn S, Williams DT. Psychogenic dystonia. Adv Neurol 1988; 50: 431-455
46. Féré J. La famille névropathique. Arch Neurol (Paris) 1884; 7: 1-43, 173-191
47. Gieteling EW, van Rijn MA, de Jong BM, Hoogduin JM, Renken R, van Hilten JJ, et al. Cerebral activation during motor imagery in complex regional pain syndrome type 1 with dystonia. Pain 2008; 134: 302-309
48. Gilby W. Efficacy of electricity in contraction of the muscles of the neck. Lancet 1825; 4: 280.
49. Gilman S, Vilensky JA, Morecraft RW, Cook JA. Denny-Brown's views on the pathophysiology of dystonia. J Neurol Sci 1999; 167: 142-147
50. Goetz CG. Charcot and psychogenic movement disorders. In: Hallett M, Fahn S, Jankovic J, Lang AE, Cloninger CR, Yudofsky SC, editors. Psychogenic movement disorders. Neurology and neuropsychiatry. Philadelphia: AAN Press; 2006. p. 3-13.
51. Goetz CG, Bonduelle M, Gelfand T. Charcot. Constructing neurology. New York: Oxford University Press; 1995. p. 119, 203, 260.
52. Gowers WR. A manual of diseases of the nervous system. Vol.2. London: J. & A. Churchill; 1888.
53. Gundel H, Wolf A, Xidara V, Busch R, Ladwig KH, Jacobi F, et al. High psychiatric comorbidity in spasmodic torticollis: a controlled study. J Nerv Ment Dis 2003; 191: 465-473
54. Hammond WA. Athetosis. Med Times Gaz 1871; 2: 747-748
55. Harding AE. Movement disorders. In: Walton JN, editor. Brain's Diseases of the nervous system. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1993. p. 393-425.
56. Hendler T, Bleich-Cohen M, Sharon H. Neurofunctional view of psychiatry: clinical brain imaging revisited. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2009; 22: 300-305
57. Herz E. Dystonia: I. Historical review; analysis of dystonic symptoms and physiologic mechanisms involved. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1944a; 51: 305-318
58. Herz E. Dystonia: II. Clinical classification. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1944b; 51: 319-355
59. Herz E. Dystonia: III. Pathology and conclusions. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1944c; 52: 20-26
60. Herz E, Glaser GH. Spasmodic torticollis: II. Clinical evaluation. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1949; 61: 227-239
61. Jaccoud S. Traité de pathologie interne. Vol.1. Paris: Adrien Delahaye; 1873. p. 515-518
62. Keen WW. A new operation for spasmodic wry neck. Namely, division or exsection of the nerves supplying the posterior rotator muscles of the head. Ann Surg 1891; 13: 44-47
63. Kinnier Wilson SA. Neurology. Vol.2. London: Edward Arnold; 1940. p. 1675-1684
64. Koehler PJ. Freud's comparative study of hysterical and organic paralyses. How Charcot's assignment turned out. Arch Neurol 2003; 60: 1646-1650
65. Koehler PJ, Lanska DJ. Mitchell's influence on European studies of peripheral nerve injuries during World War I. J Hist Neurosci 2004; 13: 326-335
66. Koehler PJ, Finger S, Piccolino M. The 'eels' of South-America: two mid-eighteenth century letters from the Dutch colonies on animal electricity. J Hist Biol 2009; 42: 715-763.
67. Kollarits J. Torticollis hystericus. Zeitschrift fü r Neurologie 1905; 29: 413-430
68. Kollarits J. Weitere Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Torticollis mentalis (hyster-icus) mit einem Sektionsbefund. Zeitschrift fü r Neurologie 1908; 35: 141-151
69. Lencer R, Steinlechner S, Stahlberg J, Rehling H, Orth M, Baeumer T, et al. Primary focal dystonia: evidence for distinct neuropsychiatric and personality profiles. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009; 80: 1176-1179
70. Lesser RP, Fahn S. Dystonia: a disorder often misdiagnosed as a conversion reaction. Am J Psychiatry 1978; 135: 349-352
71. Lewandowsky M. Handbuch der Neurologie. Vol.5. Berlin: Julius Springer; 1914. p. 458-464, 474-81.
72. Ló pez Piñ ero JM. Historical origins of the concept of neurosis. Translated by D. Berrios. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1983.
73. Lorry AC. De melancholia et morbis melancholicus. Paris: P. Guillelmum Cavelier; 1765. p. 115-116
74. Maihofner C, Baron R, DeCol R, Binder A, Birklein F, Deuschl G, et al. The motor system shows adaptive changes in complex regional pain syndrome. Brain 2007; 130: 2671-2687
75. Marsden CD. The problem of adult-onset idiopathic torsion dystonia and other isolated dyskinesias in adult life (including blepharospasm, oro-mandibular dystonia, dystonic writer's cramp, and torticollis, or axial dystonia). Adv Neurol 1976; 14: 259-276
76. Marsden CD, Harrison MJ, Bundey S. Natural history of idiopathic torsion dystonia. Adv Neurol 1976; 14: 177-187
77. Marsden CD, Obeso JA, Traub MM, Rothwell JC, Kranz H, La Cruz F. Muscle spasms associated with Sudeck's atrophy after injury. BMJ (Clinical Research Edn) 1984; 288: 173-176
78. Marshall JC, Halligan PW, Fink GR, Wade DT, Frackowiak RS. The functional anatomy of a hysterical paralysis. Cognition 1997; 64: B1-B8.
79. McHenry LC. Garrison's history of neurology. Springfield: Charles C Thomas; 1969.
80. McKenzie KG. Intrameningeal division of the spinal accessory and roots of the upper cervical nerves for the treatment of spasmodic torticollis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1924; 39: 5-10.
81. Meige H, Feindel E. Les tics et leur traitement. Paris: Masson et Cie; 1902. p. 288-313, 490-4.
82. Merskey H, Bogduk N. Relatively generalized syndromes. In: Merskey H, Bogduk N, editors. Classification of chronic pain. Description of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms. Seattle: IASP Press; 1994. p. 40-43
83. Micale MS. Approaching hysteria. Disease and its interpretations. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 1995. p. 25.
84. Mitchel SW, Morehouse GR, Keen WW. Gunshot wounds and other injuries of nerves. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott & Co.; 1864.
85. Mitscherlich M. Spasmodic torticollis. Psychother Psychosom 1971; 19: 62-75.
86. Morris JG, Jankelowitz SK, Fung VS, Clouston PD, Hayes MW, Grattan-Smith P. Athethosis I: historical considerations. Mov Disord 2002; 17: 1278-1280
87. Mostofsky SH, Powell SK, Simmonds DJ, Goldberg MC, Caffo B, Pekar JJ. Decreased connectivity and cerebellar activity in autism during motor task performance. Brain 2009; 132: 2413-2425
88. Norman JM. Morton's medical bibliography. Aldershot (Hants): Scolar Press; 1991.
89. Oppenheim H. Lehrbuch der Nervenkrankheiten. Berlin: S. Karger; 1894.
90. Oppenheim H. Ü ber eine eigenartige Krampfkrankheit des kindlichen und jugendlichen Alters (Dysbasia lordotica progressiva, Dystonia mus-culorum deformans). Neurologisches Centralblatt 1911; 30: 1090-1107
91. Ozelius L, Kramer PL, Moskowitz CB, Kwiatkowski DJ, Brin MF, Bressman SB, et al. Human gene for torsion dystonia located on chromosome 9q32-q34. Neuron 1989; 2: 1427-1434
92. Ozelius LJ, Hewett JW, Page CE, Bressman SB, Kramer PL, Shalish C, et al. The early-onset torsion dystonia gene (DYT1) encodes an ATP-binding protein. Nat Genet 1997; 17: 40-48
93. Paterson MT. Spasmodic torticollis. Results of psychotherapy in 21 cases. Lancet 1945; 246: 556-559
94. Patterson RM, Little SC. Spasmodic torticollis. J Nerv Ment Dis 1943; 98: 571-599
95. Piccolino M. Animal electricity and the birth of electrophysiology: the legacy of Luigi Galvani. Brain Res Bull 1998; 46: 381-407.
96. Platter F. Observationes: Krankheitsbeobachtungen in drei Bü chern: I. Buch: Funktionelle Stö rungen des Sinnes und der Bewegung. Bern: Hans Huber; 1963. p. 103-108
97. Poore. Charing Cross Hospital: case of clonic torticollis treated by the continuous galvanic current and the rhytmical exercise of the involved muscles. Lancet 1873; 102: 520-521
98. Quartarone A, Rizzo V, Terranova C, Morgante F, Schneider S, Ibrahim N, et al. Abnormal sensorimotor plasticity in organic but not in psychogenic dystonia. Brain 2009; 132: 2871-2877
99. Ramazzini B. Diseases of Workers. New York: Haffner Publishing Company; 1964. p. 421-425
100. R̈entrop E, Straschill M. Uber die Wirkung emotionaler Einflü sse auf den Verlauf des idiopathischen spasmodischen Torticollis. Z Psychosom Med Psychoanal 1987; 33: 42-51.
101. Rivest J, Lees AJ, Marsden CD. Writer's cramp: treatment with botulinum toxin injections. Mov Disord 1991; 6: 55-59
102. Romberg H. Lehrbuch der Nervenkrankheiten des Menschen. Berlin: A. Dunker; 1853.
103. Romberg MH. Lehrbuch der Nervenkrankheiten des Menschen. Vol.1. Berlin: Alexander Duncker; 1846. p. 330-333
104. Rosenkranz K, Williamon A, Butler K, Cordivari C, Lees AJ, Rothwell JC. Pathophysiological differences between musician's dystonia and writer's cramp. Brain 2005; 128: 918-931
105. Sa DS, Galvez-Jimenez N, Lang AE. Psychogenic movement disorders. In: Watts RL, Koller WC, editors. Movement disorders: neurologic principles and practice. New York: McGraw Hill; 2004. p. 891-914.
106. Schrag A, Trimble M, Quinn N, Bhatia K. The syndrome of fixed dysto-nia: an evaluation of 103 patients. Brain 2004; 127: 2360-2372
107. Schwalbe W. Eine eigentü mliche tonische Krampfform mit hysterischen Symptomen. Thesis, Berlin, 1908.
108. Schwartzman RJ, Kerrigan J. The movement disorder of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Neurology 1990; 40: 57-61.
109. Schwenkreis P, Janssen F, Rommel O, Pleger B, Volker B, Hosbach I, et al. Bilateral motor cortex disinhibition in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I of the hand. Neurology 2003; 61: 515-519
110. Seritan AL, Schneider A, Olichney JM, Leehey MA, Akins RS, Hagerman RJ. Conversion disorder in women with the FMR1 premu-tation. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A: 2501-2506
111. Sheehy MP, Marsden CD. Writers' cramp-a focal dystonia. Brain 1982; 105: 461-480
112. Sherrington CS. The integrative action of the nervous system. New Haven: Yale University Press; 1906.
113. Steyerthal A. Zur Geschichte des Torticolis spasmodicus. Archiv fü r Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten 1906; 41: 29-48.
114. Stromeyer L. Verkrü mmungen des Halses. Beiträge zur operativen Orthopädik. Hannover: Helwing'schen Hof-Buchhandlung; 1838. p. 128-151
115. Tomlinson WC. Freud and psychogenic movement disorders. In: Hallett M, Fahn S, Jankovic J, Lang AE, Cloninger CR, Yudofsky SC, editors. Psychogenic movement disorders. Neurology and neuropsy-chiatry. Philadelphia, PA: AAN Press; 2006. p. 14-19
116. Trousseau A. Clinique mé dicale de l'Hô tel-Dieu de Paris. Vol.2. Paris: J.-B. Baillière et fils; 1882.
117. Truong DD, Fahn S. An early description of dystonia: translation of Schwalbe's thesis and information on his life. Adv Neurol 1988; 50: 651-664
118. Tsui JK, Eisen A, Mak E, Carruthers J, Scott A, Calne DB. A pilot study on the use of botulinum toxin in spasmodic torticollis. Can J Neurol Sci 1985; 12: 314-316
119. Tulp N. Observationes medicae. Amsterdam: Ludovicum Elzevirium; 1641. p. 391-394
120. Tulp N, von Wolzogen L. Geneeskundige waarnemingen van Nikolaas Tulp. Leiden: Juliaan Wishoff; 1740. p. 507-510
121. van Rijn MA, Marinus J, Putter H, van Hilten JJ. Onset and progression of dystonia in complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 2007; 130: 287-293 (Pubitemid 46977120)
122. Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW. Handbook of clinical neurology. Diseases of the basal ganglia. Vol.6. Amsterdam: North-Holland publishing company; 1968.
123. Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW. Handbook of clinical neurology. Diseases of nerves: Part 1. Vol.7. Amsterdam: North-Holland publishing company; 1970.
124. Voisin J. Torticolis intermittent survenant sous l'influence d'un rê ve. Guérison par la suggestion hypnotique. Revue de l'hypnotisme et de la psychologie physiologique 1894; 8: 119-120
125. Vuilleumier P. Hysterical conversion and brain function. Prog Brain Res 2005; 15: 309-329
126. Vuilleumier P, Chicherio C, Assal F, Schwartz S, Slosman D, Landis T. Functional neuroanatomical correlates of hysterical sensorimotor loss. Brain 2001; 124: 1077-1090
127. Walton JN. Psychological aspects of neurology (including consideration of memory, sleep, coma and the dementias). In: Walton JN, editor. Brain's Diseases of the nervous system. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1985. p. 636-668
128. Wartenberg R. Zur Klinik und Pathophysiologie der extrapyramidalen Bewegungsstö rungen. Zeitschrift für die gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie 1923; 83: 303-354
129. Wimmer A. Le spasme de torsion. Rev Neurol 1929; 36: 904-915
130. Yaskin JC. The treatment of spasmodic torticollis with special reference to psychotherapy, with a report of a case. J Nerv Ment Dis 1935; 81: 299-310.
131. Zeman W. Dystonia: an overview. Adv Neurol 1976; 14: 91-103.
132. Zeman W, Dyken P. Dystonia musculorum deformans. Clinical, genetic and pathoanatomical studies. Psychiatr Neurol Neurochir 1967; 70: 77-121.
133. Zeman W, Kaelbling R, Pasamanick B. Idiopathic dystonia musculorum derformans: I. The hereditary pattern. Am J Hum Genet 1959; 11: 188-202.