End-of-life care in the 21st century: Advance directives in universal rights discourse

Bioethics

Volumn 24, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 105-112

  Beširević, Violeta ^a  

^a CENTRAL EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY   (Hungary)

Author keywords

Advance directives; Autonomy; Dignity; Informed consent; The Oviedo Convention; UNESCO; Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CONSENSUS; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; ETHICS; HUMAN; HUMAN RIGHTS; INFORMED CONSENT; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; LEGAL ASPECT; LIVING WILL; MANAGEMENT; PERSONAL AUTONOMY; PERSONHOOD; UNITED NATIONS;

ADVANCE DIRECTIVES; CONSENSUS; CULTURAL DIVERSITY; HUMAN RIGHTS; HUMANS; INFORMED CONSENT; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; PERSONAL AUTONOMY; PERSONHOOD; POLICY MAKING; UNITED NATIONS;

EID: 77951888164     PISSN: 02699702     EISSN: 14678519     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8519.2010.01806.x     Document Type: Article

References (45)

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2. For the history and promotion of advance directives in the US see M.B. Zucker, ed. 1999. The Right to Die Debate: A Documentary History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
3. In re Quinlan, 70 N.J. 10, 41, 355 A 2d 647.
4. Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health, 497 U.S. 261, 110 S.Ct.2841 (1990).
5. For more see T.S. Jost. 2007. Readings in Comparative Health Law & Bioethics. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press: 278; J. Lewis. Health and Welfare: Chapter 658: California's Health Care Decisions Law. McGeorge L Rev 2000; 31: 501.
6. For more, see Institute of Biomedical Ethics, University of Zurich. 2008. Country Reports on Advance Directives. Zurich. Available at: http://www.ethik.uzh.ch/ibme/veranstaltungen/2008advancedirectives/cr.pdf [Accessed 7 Feb 2009]. For a Danish reference see also J. Vestergaard. 2004. Denmark: The Right to Self-Determination. In Ethical Eye: Euthanasia: National and European Perspectives, Volume II. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing: 25. For a Spanish reference, see M. Navarro-Michel. Advance Directives: The Spanish Perspective. Med L Rev 2005; 13: 137-169.
7. For more see G. Javashvili. Georgia - End-of-Life Care. In Ethical Eye, op. cit. note 6, pp. 2004. 41-50.
8. For more see Y. Htut & K. Shahrul. The Views of Older Malaysians on Advanced Directive and Advanced Care Planning: A Qualitative Study. Asia Pac J Public Health 2007; 19: 58-66.
9. For a recent assessment, see e.g. A.R. Maclean. Advance Directives and the Rocky Waters of Anticipatory Decision-Making. Med L Rev 2008; 16: 1-22.
10. See e.g. R. Dresser. Precommitment: A Misguided Strategy for Securing Death with Dignity. Tex L Rev 003; 81: 1823-1847.
11. For comparative study see Institute of Biomedical Ethics, op. cit. note 6.
12. L. Lehmann. Country Reports on Advance Directives: USA. Ibid: 103.
13. The full title of this Convention is: Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being with regard to the Application of Biology and Medicine: Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine. Referred to hereafter as the Oviedo Convention.
14. Referred to hereafter as the UNESCO Declaration.
15. Article 9 of the Oviedo Convention.
16. Council of Europe. 1996. Explanatory Report. Available at: http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/Reports/Html/164.htm 2009].
17. See Article 34 of the Oviedo Convention. Apart from the Council of Europe Member States, non-member states, including the US, Japan, Mexico, Australia, Canada and the Holy See have participated in its drafting.
18. Article 6 of the UNESCO Declaration.
19. UNESCO. 2005. Explanatory Memorandum on the Elaboration of the Preliminary Draft Declaration on Universal Norms on Bioethics. Paris: UNESCO. Available at: [Accessed 7 Febhttp://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001390/139024e.pdf 2009].
20. Superintendent of Belchertown State School v. Saikewicz, 373 Mass. 728, 370 N.E.2d 417(1977) 746.
21. UNESCO, op. cit. note 19.
22. For more see C. Lo. The Interference Between Bioethics and Cultural Diversity under the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights. Med & L 2008; 27: 401-415.
23. UNESCO, op. cit. note 19.
24. See Article 4 of the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions and UNESCO, op. cit. note 19.
25. See H. Kuhse & P. Singer.Introduction. In Bioethics: An Anthology. H. Kuhse & P. Singer, eds. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.2006
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27. IBC, op. cit. note 1.
28. R. Andorno. Global Bioethics and Human Rights. Med & Law 2008; 27: 6-7.
29. J. Sandor, Human Rights and Bioethics: Competitors Orallies? The Role of International Law in Shaping the Contours of a new Discipline. Med &Law 2008; 27: 26-27.
30. Y. Ghai. Universalism and Relativism: Human Rights as a Framework for Negotiating Interethnic Claims. Cardozo L Rev 2000; 21: 1095-1096.
31. On the same points, see M. Rosenfeld. Comment: Human Rights, Nationalism, and Multiculturalism in Rhetoric, Ethics and Politics: A Pluralist Critique. Ibid: 1225-1242.
32. N.C. Manson & O. O'Neill. 2007. Rethinking Informed Consent in Bioethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 18.
33. Thus, Turner notes that agreement on 'common principles' need not, and often does not, translate into common understandings at the level of case analysis and policy formation. See L. Turner. Zones of Consensus and Zones of Conflict: Questioning the 'Common Morality' Presumption in Bioethics. Kennedy Inst Ethics J 2003; 13: 219-231.
34. For the US position see Cruzan v. Director Missouri Department of Health, op. cit. note 4; for the UK position see Re T (adult: refusal of treatment) (1992) 4 All ER 649; Airedale NHS Trust v. Bland (1993) 1 All ER 789; for a Canadian reference see Rodriguez v. British Columbia (Attorney General) (1993) 3 S.C.R. 519; Nancy B. v. Hotel-Dieu de Quebec, 69 CCC (3d) (1992); Ciarlariello v. Schacter, (1993) 2 SCR 119; for the position in Australia see Secretary, Department of Health and Community Services (NT) v. JWB and SMB, (1992) 66 ALJR 300; for the position in the European countries see Council of Europe Steering Committee on Bioethics (CDBI). 2003. Replies to the Questionnaire for member states elating to euthanasia. Strasbourg. Available at: http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/healthbioethic/Activities/09_Euthanasia_en/default_en.asp 2008].
35. See V. Beširević. Euthanasia: Legal Principles and Policy Choices. Florence: European Press Academic Publishing. 2006.
36. For an extensive discussion see W.J. Talbott. Which Rights Should Be Universal? Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2007.
37. C. McCrudden. Human Dignity and Judicial Interpretation of Human Rights. Eur J Int'l L 2008; 19.
38. Airedale NHS Trust v. Bland, op. cit. note 35.
39. See Beširević, op. cit. note 36, pp. 46-47.
40. Lehmann, op. cit. note 12.
41. N.A. Kohn & J.A. Blumenthal. Designating Health Care Decisionmakers for Patients without Advance Directives: A Psychological Critique. Ga L Rev 2008; 42: 981.
42. Lehmann, op. cit. note 12.
43. Kohn & Blumenthal, op. cit. note 43, pp. 996-997.
44. Ibid: 1011.
45. Ibid: 992-993.