Traumatic brain injury in the elderly

Clinical Geriatrics

Volumn 18, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 20-24

  Tracy, Timmons ^a   Menaker, Jay ^b   Gambert, Steven R ^c   Stein, Deborah M ^c  

^a R ADAMS COWLEY SHOCK TRAUMA CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 7A; CLOPIDOGREL; FRESH FROZEN PLASMA; VITAMIN K GROUP; WARFARIN;

AGE; AGED; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY; DRUG EFFECT; GLASGOW COMA SCALE; GLASGOW OUTCOME SCALE; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; INCIDENCE; INTERNATIONAL NORMALIZED RATIO; MORTALITY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SUBDURAL HEMATOMA; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY;

EID: 77951783792     PISSN: 10951598     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Langlois JA, Rutland-brown W, Thomas KE. Traumatic brain injury in the United States: Emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nation Center for Injury Prevention and Control; 2006.
2. Current population reports. Population Projections of the United States by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1995 to 2050. P25-1130. US Census bureau. http://www.census.gov/prod/1/pop/p25-1130.pdf. Accessed March 15, 2010.
3. Statistics on hospital stays. Agency for Health Quality and Research. www.hcupnet.ahrq.gov. Accessed March 5, 2010.
4. Czosnyka M, balestreri M, Steiner L, et al. Age, intracranial pressure, autoregulation, and outcome after brain trauma. J Neurosurg 2005;102(3):450-454. (Pubitemid 43194035)
5. Susman M, DiRusso SM, Sullivan T, et al. Traumatic brain injury in the elderly: Increased mortality and worse functional outcome at discharge despite lower injury severity. J Trauma 2002;53(2):219-224.
6. Deaths: Preliminary data for 2006. National Vital Statistics Report 2008;56:1-52.
7. Sjogren H, bjornstig U. Injuries to the elderly in the traffic environment. Accid Anal Prev 1991;23(1):77-86.
8. Overall non-fatal injuries and rates per 100,000. 2007. United States. All races, both sexes, ages 65-85+ hospitalization. National Center of Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://webappa.cdc.gov/sasweb/ncipc/nfirates2001.html. Accessed March 15, 2010
9. Aarabi b, Mehta R, Eisenberg HM. Management of severe head injury. In: Moore AJ, Newell DW, eds. Neurosurgery: Principles and Practice. London: Springer-Verlag; 2005:369-379.
10. Vincent JL, berre J. Primer on medical management of severe brain injury. Crit Care Med 2005;33(6):1392-1399. (Pubitemid 40827395)
11. Guillaume J, Janny P. Continuous intracranial manometry; physiopathologic and clinical significance of the method [article in undetermined language]. Presse Med 1951;59(45):953-955.
12. balestreri M, Czosnya M, Hutchinson P, et al. Impact of intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure on severe disability and mortality after head injury. Neurocrit Care 2006;4(1):8-13. (Pubitemid 43269454)
13. Rose J, Valtonen S, Jennett b. Avoidable factors contributing to death after head injury. Br Med J 1977;2(6087):615-618.
14. Itshayek E, Rosenthal G, Fraifeld S, et al. Delayed posttraumatic acute subdural hematoma in elderly patients on anticoagulation. Neurosurgery 2006;58(5):E851-E856. (Pubitemid 43772412)
15. Letarte P. The brain. In: Feliciano DV, Mattox KL, Moore EE, eds. Trauma. 6th ed. New York: McGraw Hill Professional; 2008:397-418.
16. Stein SC, Ross SE. Moderate head injury: A guide to initial management. J Neurosurg 1992;77(4):562-564.
17. Sabates NR, Gonce MA, Farris bK. Neuro-opthamalogical findings in closed head trauma. J Clin Neuroopthalmol 1991;11(4):273-277.
18. Mandavia D, Newton K. Geriatric trauma. Emerg Med Clin North Am 1998;16(1):257-274. (Pubitemid 28100993)
19. Jagoda AS, bazarian JJ, bruns JJ Jr, et al; American College of Emergency Physicians; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clinical policy: Neuroimaging and decisionmaking in adult mild traumatic brain injury in the acute setting. Ann Emerg Med 2008;52(6):714-748.
20. brain Trauma Foundation, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Joint Section on Neurotrauma and critical care for AANS/CNS, et al. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury. VIII. Intracranial pressure thresholds. J Neurotraum 2007;24(suppl 1):S55-S58.
21. Roberts I, Sydenham E. barbiturates for acute traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database Systematic Rev 1999;(3):CD000033.
22. Aarabi b, Hersdorffer DC, Ahn ES, et al. Outcome following decompressive craniectomy for malignant swelling due to severe head injury. J Neurosurg 2006;104(4):469-479.
23. Gittleman AM, Ortiz AO, Keating DP, Katz DS. Indications for CT in patients receiving anticoagulation after head trauma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2005;26(3):603-606. (Pubitemid 43085965)
24. Cohen Db, Rinker C, Wilberger JE. Traumatic brain injury in anticoagulated patients. J Trauma 2006;60(3):553-557.
25. Reynolds FD, Dietz PA, Higgins D, Whitaker TS. Time to deterioration of the elderly, anticoagulated, minor head injury patient who presents without evidence of neurologic abnormality. J Trauma 2003;54(3):492-496. (Pubitemid 36383746)
26. Kennedy DM, Cipolle MD, Pasquale MD, et al. Impact of preinjury warfarin use in elderly trauma patients. J Trauma 2000;48(3):451-453.
27. Wojcik R, Cipolle MD, Seislove E, et al. Preinjury warfarin does not impact outcome in trauma patients. J Trauma 2001;51(6):1147-1152. (Pubitemid 34028447)
28. Howard JL 2nd, Cipolle MD, Horvat SA, et al. Pre-injury warfarin worsens outcome in elderly patients who fall from standing. J Trauma 2009;66(6):1518-1524.
29. Li J, brown J, Levine M. Mild head injury, anticoagulants, and risk of intracranial injury. Lancet 2001;357(9258):771-772. (Pubitemid 32217689)
30. Mina AA, Knipfer JF, Park DY, et al. Intracranial complications of preinjury anticoagulation in trauma patients with head injury. J Trauma 2002;53(4):668-672. (Pubitemid 35190596)
31. Pieracci FM, Eachempati SR, Shou J, et al. Degree of anticoagulation, but not warfarin use itself, predicts adverse outcomes after traumatic brain injury in elderly trauma patients. J Trauma 2007;63(3):525-530.
32. Ivascu FA, Howells GA, Junn FS, et al. Predictors of mortality in trauma patients with intracranial hemorrhage on pre-injury aspirin or clopidogrel. J Trauma 2008;65(4):785-788.
33. Fortuna GR, Mueller EW, James LE, et al. The impact of preinjury antiplatelet and anticoagulant pharmacotherapy on outcomes in elderly patients with hemorrhagic brain injury. Surgery 2008;144(4):598-603. Published Online: August 29, 2008.
34. Ivascu FA, Howells GA, Junn FS, et al. Rapid warfarin reversal in anticoagulated patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage reduces hemorrhage progression and mortality. J Trauma 2005;59(5):1131-1139.
35. Ivascu FA, Janczyk RJ, Junn FS, et al. Treatment of trauma patients with intracranial hemorrhage on preinjury warfarin. J Trauma 2006;61(2):318-321.
36. Lankiewicz MW, Hays J, Friedman KD, et al. Urgent reversal of warfarin with prothrombin complex concentrate. J Thromb Haemost 2006;4(5):967-970.
37. Stein DM, Dutton RP, Kramer ME, et al. Recombinant factor VIIa: Decreasing time to intervention in coagulopathic patients with severe traumatic brain injury. J Trauma 2008;64(3):620-628.
38. Downey DM, Monson b, butler KL, et al. Does platelet administration affect mortality in elderly head-injured patients taking antiplatelet medications? Am Surgeon 2009;75(110):1100-1103.
39. Mosenthal AC, Lavery RF, Addis M, et al. Isolated traumatic brain injury: Age is an independent predictor of mortality and early outcome. J Trauma 2002;52(5):907-911. (Pubitemid 34534477)
40. Cagetti b, Cossu M, Pau A, et al. The outcome from acute subdural and epidural intracranial haematomas in very elderly patients. Br J Neurosurg 1992;6(3):227-231.
41. DeMaria EJ, Kenney PR, Merriam MA, et al. Aggressive trauma care benefits the elderly. J Trauma 1987;27(11):1200-1206.
42. Kilaru S, Garb J, Emhoff T, et al. Long-term functional status and mortality of elderly patients with severe closed head injuries. J Trauma 1996;41(6):957-963. (Pubitemid 26424887)
43. Utomo WK, Gabbe bJ, Simpson PM, Cameron PA. Predictors of in-hospital mortality and 6-month functional outcomes in older adults after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Injury 2009;40(9):973-977. Published Online: June 21, 2009.
44. Mosenthal AC, Livingston DH, Lavery RF, et al. The effect of age on functional outcome in mild traumatic brain injury: 6-month report of a prospective multicenter trial. J Trauma 2004;56(5):1042-1048.
45. Livingston DH, Lavery RF, Mosenthal AC, et al. Recovery at one year following isolated traumatic brain injury: A Western Trauma Association prospective multicenter trial. J Trauma 2005;59(6):1298-1304.
46. Marquez de la Plata CD, Hart T, Hammond FM, et al. Impact of age on long term recovery from traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehab 2008;89(5):896-903. (Pubitemid 351602247)