Breast ptosis: Causes and cure

Annals of Plastic Surgery

Volumn 64, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 579-584

  Rinker, Brian ^a   Veneracion, Melissa ^a   Walsh, Catherine P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

Author keywords

Breast ptosis; Breast feeding; Mastopexy; Pregnancy; Smoking

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; BREAST; BREAST RECONSTRUCTION; CHI SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; ESTHETICS; FEMALE; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; METHODOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; PREGNANCY; RISK FACTOR; SMOKING; STATISTICAL MODEL; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

ADULT; BODY MASS INDEX; BREAST; CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; ESTHETICS; FEMALE; GRAVIDITY; HUMANS; INTERVIEWS AS TOPIC; LOGISTIC MODELS; MAMMAPLASTY; MIDDLE AGED; PREGNANCY; RISK FACTORS; SMOKING; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WEIGHT LOSS;

EID: 77951769282     PISSN: 01487043     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/SAP.0b013e3181c39377     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (21)

1. American Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons 2008 Cosmetic Surgery National Data Bank. New York, NY: ASAPS Communications Office; 2009:7.
2. Regnault P. Breast ptosis: definition and treatment. Clin Plast Surg. 1976;3: 193-203.
3. Hinderer UT. Development of concepts in reduction mammaplasty and ptosis. In: Georgiade NG, Georgiade GS, Riefkohl R, eds. Aesthetic Surgery of the Breast. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Co; 1990:575.
4. Piscane A, Continisio P. Breastfeeding and perceived changes in the appearance of the breasts: a retrospective study. Acta Pediatr. 2004;93:1346-1348.
5. Weichart C. Breast-feeding: first thoughts. Pediatrics. 1975;56:987-990.
6. Foster SF, Slade P, Wilson K. Body image, maternal fetal attachment, and breast feeding. J Psychosom Res. 1996;41:181-184.
7. Dewey KG, Heinig MJ, Nommsen-Rivers LA. Differences in morbidity between breast-fed and formula-fed infants. J Pediatr. 1995;126:696-702.
8. Howie PW, Forsyth JS, Ogston SA, et al. Protective effect of breast feeding against infection. BMJ. 1990;300:11-16.
9. Kovar MG, Serdula MK, Marks JS, et al. Review of the epidemiologic evidence for an association between infant feeding and infant health. Pediatrics. 1984;74(suppl):S615-S638.
10. Beaudry M, Dufour R, Marcoux S. Relation between infant feeding and infections during the first six months of life. J Pediatr. 1995;126:191-197.
11. Ryan AS, Zhou W, Arensberg MB. The effect of employment status on breastfeeding in the United States. Womens Health Issues. 2006;16:243-251.
12. Work Group on Breastfeeding. American Academy of Pediatrics. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 1997;100:1035-1039.
13. Archer S. Busting Out: Putting Your Best Breasts Forward. San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books LLC; 2007.
14. Targosz C. Your Best Bust: In Minutes a Day. Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks, Inc; 2005.
15. McCarty KS, Carpenter SA, Georgiade GS. The breast: embryology, anatomy, and physiology. In: Georgiade NG, Georgiade GS, Riefkohl R, eds. Aesthetic Surgery of the Breast. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Co; 1990:5.
16. McLennan JD. Early termination of breast-feeding in periurban Santo Domingo, Domincan Republic: mothers' community perceptions and personal practices. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2001;9:362-367.
17. Morita A. Tobacco smoke causes premature skin aging. J Dermatol Sci. 2007;48:169-175.
18. Boyd AS, Stasko T, King LE Jr, et al. Cigarette smoking-associated elastotic changes in the skin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999;41:23-26.
19. Francès C, Boisnic S, Hartmann DJ, et al. Changes in the elastic tissue of the non-sun-exposed skin of cigarette smokers. Br J Dermatol. 1991;125:43-47.
20. Just M, Ribera M, Monsó E, et al. Effect of smoking on skin elastic fibres: morphometric and immunohistochemical analysis. Br J Dermatol. 2007;156: 85-91.
21. Kennedy C, Bastiaens MT, Bajdik CD, et al. Leiden Skin Cancer Study. Effect of smoking and sun on the aging skin. J Invest Dermatol. 2003;120: 548-554