Distribution of faults and extensional strain in fractured carbonates of the North Malta Graben

American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin

Volumn 94, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 435-456

  Putz Perrier, Martin W ^a,b   Sanderson, David J ^c  

^a Egis Avia   (France)

^b Egis Tunnels on Large scale Infrastructure Projects and Geological Aspects of Tunnel Design   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FAULTING; GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS; SEISMIC WAVES; SEISMOLOGY;

CENTIMETER-SCALE; EXTENSIONAL FAULTS; EXTENSIONAL STRAIN; FRACTURED CARBONATES; PELAGIC CARBONATES; SCALING EXPONENT; SEISMIC REFLECTION SURVEY; SEISMIC SURVEYS;

CARBONATES;

CARBONATE; EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS; FAULT ZONE; GRABEN; OUTCROP; SEISMIC REFLECTION; STRAIN;

MALTA;

EID: 77951712029     PISSN: 01491423     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1306/08260909063     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Ackermann, R. V., R. W. Schlische, and M. O. Withjack, 2001, The geometric and Statistical evolution of normal fault systems: An experimental study of the effects of mechanical layer thickness on scaling laws: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 23, p. 1803-1819, doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(01)00028-1.
2. Barr, D., K. E. Savory, S. R. Fowler, K. Arman, and J. P. McGarrity, 2007, Pre-development fracture modeling in the Clair field, west of Shetland: Geological Society (London) Special Publication 270, p. 205-225.
3. Ben-Avraham, Z., J. Woodside, E. Lodolo, M. Gardosh, M. Grasso, A. Camerlenghi, and G. B. Vai, 2006, Eastern Mediterranean Basin systems, in D. G. Gee and R. A. Stephenson, eds., European lithosphere dynamics: Geological Society Memoir 32, p. 263-276.
4. Bosence, D. W. J., and H. M. Pedley, 1982, Sedimentology and paleoecology of a Miocene Coralline algal bioherm from the Maltese Islands: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology and Palaeoecology, v. 38, p. 9-43.
5. Chilingarian, G. V., S. J. Mazzullo, and H. H. Rieke, 1992, Carbonate reservoir characterization: A geologic-engineering analysis: Part I: Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publishers, BV, 640 p.
6. Colombi, B., P. Giese, G. Luongo, C. Morelli, M. Riuscetti, S. Scarascia, K. G. Schutte, J. Strowald, and G. de Visitini, 1973, Preliminary report on the seismic refraction profile Gargano-Salerno-Palermo-Pantelleria (1971): Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, v. 10, p. 39-42.
7. Dart, C. J., W. J. Bosence, and K. R. McClay, 1993, Stratigraphy and structure of the Maltese Graben system: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 150, p. 1153-1166, doi:10.1144/gsjgs.150.6.1153.
8. Finetti, I., 1984, Geophysical study of the Sicily Channel rift zone: Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata, v. 6, p. 3-28.
9. Fossen, H., and A. Rornes, 1996, Properties of fault populations in the Gullfaks field, northern North Sea: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 18, p. 179-190, doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(96)80043-5. (Pubitemid 126405537)
10. Galea, P., 2007, Seismic history of the Maltese islands and considerations on seismic risk: Annals of Geophysics, v. 50, p. 725-740.
11. Gillespie, P. A., 2003, Comment on "The geometric and statistical evolution of normal fault systems: An experimental study of the effects of mechanical layer thickness on scaling laws" by R. V. Ackermann, R. W. Schlische and M. O. Withjack: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 25, p. 819-822, doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(02)00058-5. (Pubitemid 36251716)
12. Gillespie, P. A., J. J. Walsh, J. Watterson, C. G. Bonson, and T. Manzocchi, 2001, Scaling relationships of joint and vein arrays from The Burren, Co. Clare, Ireland: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 23, p. 183-201, doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(00)00090-0.
13. Hardacre, K. M., and P. A. Cowie, 2003, Controls on strain localization in a two-dimensional elastoplastic layer: Insights into size-frequency scaling of extensional fault-populations: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 108, p. 2529, doi:10.1029/2001JB001712.
14. Illies, J. H., 1981, Graben formation-The Maltese IslandsA case history: Tectonophysics, v. 73, p. 151-168, doi:10.1016/0040-1951(81)90182-7.
15. Jongsma, D., J. E. van Hinte, and J. M. Woodside, 1985, Geological structure and neotectonics of the north African continental margin south of Sicily: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 2, p. 156-177, doi:10.1016/0264- 8172(85)90005-4.
16. Kim, Y. S., D. C. P. Peacock, and D. J. Sanderson, 2003, Mesoscale strike-slip faults and damage zones at Marsalforn, Gozo Island, Malta: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 25, p. 793-812.
17. Kuiper, N. H., 1960, Tests concerning random points on a circle: Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (A), v. 63, p. 38-47.
18. Marrett, R., and R. W. Allmendinger, 1991, Estimates of strain due to brittle faulting: Sampling of fault populations: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 13, p. 735-738, doi:10.1016/0191-8141(91)90034-G. (Pubitemid 21679093)
19. Marrett, R., and R. W. Allmendinger, 1992, Amount of extension on small faults: An example from the Viking Graben: Geology, v. 20, p. 47-50, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0047:AOEOSF>2.3.CO;2.
20. Moriya, S., C. Childs, T. Manzocchi, and J. J. Walsh, 2005, Analysis of the relationships between strain, polarity and population slope for normal fault systems: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 27, p. 1113-1127, doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2005.01.017. (Pubitemid 40984332)
21. Pedley, M. H., M. R. House, A. A. Wilson, G. Debono, and S. Xerri, 1993, Geological maps of the Maltese Islands: Valetta, Malta, Oil Exploration Directorate, Office of the Prime Minister, scale 1: 25,000, 1 sheet.
22. Pickering, G., J. M. Bull, and D. J. Sanderson, 1996, Scaling of fault displacements and implications for the estimation of sub-seismic strain: Geological Society (London) Special Publication 99, p. 11-26. (Pubitemid 26475966)
23. Putz-Perrier, M. W., and D. J. Sanderson, 2008a, Spatial distribution of brittle strain in layered sequences: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 30, p. 50-64, doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2007.10.005.
24. Putz-Perrier, M. W., and D. J. Sanderson, 2008b, The distribution of faults and fractures and their importance in accommodating extensional strain at Kimmeridge Bay, Dorset, United Kingdom: Geological Society (London) Special Publication 299, p. 97-111.
25. Reuther, C-D., and G. H. Eisbacher, 1985, Pantelleria riftcrustal extension in a convergent intraplate setting: Geologische Rundschau, v. 74, p. 585-597.
26. Roberts, S., D. J. Sanderson, and P. Gumiel, 1998, Fractal analysis of Sn-W mineralization from central Iberia: Insights into the role of fracture connectivity in the formation of an ore deposit: Economic Geology, v. 93, p. 360-365, doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.93.3.360.
27. Roberts, S., D. J. Sanderson, and P. Gumiel, 1999, Fractal analysis and percolation properties of veins, in K. J. W. McCaffrey, L. Lonegran, and J. J. Wilkinson, eds., Fractures, fluid flow and mineralization: Geological Society (London) Special Publication 155, p. 7-16. (Pubitemid 30000791)
28. Sanderson, D. J., S. Roberts, and P. Gumiel, 1994, A fractal relationship between vein thickness and gold grade in drill core from La Codosera, Spain: Economic Geology, v. 89, p. 168-173, doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.89.1.168.
29. Sanderson, D. J., S. Roberts, P. Gumiel, and C. Greenfield, 2008, Quantitative analysis of tin- and tungsten-bearing sheeted vein systems: Economic Geology, v. 103, p. 1043-1056, doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.103.5.1043.
30. Schlumberger, 2007, Carbonate reservoirs: http://www.slb.com/content/ services/solutions/reservoir/carbonates.asp (accessed August 14, 2009).
31. Spyropoulos, C., W. J. Griffith, C. H. Scholz, and B. E. Shaw, 1999, Experimental evidence for different strain regimes of crack populations in a clay model: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 26, p. 1081-1084, doi:10.1029/1999GL900175.
32. Walsh, J. J., and J. Watterson, 1992, Populations of faults and fault displacements and their effects on estimates of fault-related regional extension: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 14, p. 701-712, doi:10.1016/0191-8141(92)90127-1.
33. Wilson, T. H., 2001, Scale transitions in fracture and active fault networks: Mathematical Geology, v. 33, p. 2001.