Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Alzheimers disease

Biomarkers in Medicine

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 51-63

  Fagan, Anne M ^a   Holtzman, David M ^a  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid ; Biomarkers; Cerebrospinal fluid; Preclinical Alzheimer's disease; Tau

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN[1-42]; BETA SECRETASE 1; TAU PROTEIN;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; BRAIN ATROPHY; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL RESEARCH; DISEASE MARKER; PATHOGENESIS; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; SYMPTOM;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION MEDIATORS; PEPTIDE FRAGMENTS; PHOSPHORYLATION; TAU PROTEINS;

EID: 77951671969     PISSN: 17520363     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/bmm.09.83     Document Type: Review

References (85)

1. Mirra S, Heyman A, McKeel D et al.: The consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD). Part II. Standardization of the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 41, 479-486 (1991).
2. Khachaturian Z: Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Arch. Neurol. 42, 1097-1105 (1985).
3. Hyman B, Trojanowski J: Consensus recommendations for the postmortem diagnosis of Alzheimer disease from the National Institute on Aging and the Reagan Institute Working Group on Diagnostic. Criteria for the Neuropathological Assessment of Alzheimer disease. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 56, 1095-1097 (1997).
4. Morris J: The clinical dementia rating (CDR). Current version and scoring rules. Neurology 43, 2412-2414 (1993).
5. Petersen R, Smith G, Waring S, Ivnik R, Tabgalos E, Kokmen E: Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome. Arch. Neurol. 56, 303-308 (1999). (Pubitemid 29120227)
6. Storandt M, Grant E, Miller J, Morris J: Longitudinal course and neuropathologic outcomes in original vs revised MCI and in pre-MCI. Neurology 67, 467-473 (2006).
7. Price J, Ko A, Wade M, Tsou S, McKeel D, Morris J: Neuron number in the entorhinal cortex and CA1 in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Arch. Neurol. 58, 1395-1402 (2001).
8. Morris J, Storandt M, Miller J et al.: Mild cognitive impairment represents early-stage Alzheimer's disease. Arch. Neurol. 58, 397-405 (2001). (Pubitemid 32217456)
9. Cummings J, Jeste D: Alzheimer's disease and its management in the year 2010. Psychiatr. Serv. 50, 1173-1177 (1999).
10. Teel C: Rural practitioners' experiences in dementia diagnosis and treatment. Aging Ment. Health 8, 422-429 (2004).
11. Braak H, Braak E: Frequency of stages of Alzheimer-related lesions in different age categories. Neurobiol. Aging 18, 351-357 (1997).
12. Price J, Mckeel D, Buckles V et al.: Neuropathology of nondemented aging: Presumptive evidence for preclinical Alzheimer disease. Neurobiol. Aging 30, 1026-1036 (2009).
13. Evans D, Funkenstein H, Albert M et al.: Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in a community population of older persons. Higher than previously reported. JAMA 262, 2551-2556 (1989).
14. Morris J, Price J: Pathologic correlates of nondemented aging, mild cognitive impairment, and early stage Alzheimer's disease. J. Mol. Neurosci. 17, 101-118 (2001).
15. Gomez-Isla T, Price J, McKeel D, Morris J, Growdon J, Hyman B: Profound loss of layer II entorhinal cortex neurons occurs in very mild Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurosci. 16, 4491-4500 (1996).
16. Markesbery W, Schmitt F, Kryscio R, Davis D, Smith C, Wekstein D: Neuropathologic substrate of mild cognitive impairment. Arch. Neurol. 63, 38-46 (2006).
17. Brody D, Magnoni S, Schwetye K et al.: Amyloid-b dynamics correlate with neurological status in the injured human brain. Science 321, 1221-1224 (2008).
18. Hardy J, Selkoe D: The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: progress and problems on the road to therapeutics. Science 297, 353-356 (2002).
19. Wiltfang J, Esselmann H, Bibl M et al.: Amyloid b peptide ratio 42/40 but not Ab 42 correlates with phospho-tau in patients with low-and high-CSF Ab 40 load. J. Neurochem. 101, 1053-1059 (2007).
20. Wiltfang J, Esselmann H, Bibl M et al.: Highly conserved and disease-specifc patterns of carboxyterminally truncated Ab peptides 1-37/38/39 in addition to 1-40/42 in Alzheimer's disease and in patients with chronic neuroinfammation. J. Neurochem. 81, 481-496 (2002).
21. Bibl M, Mollenhauer B, Esselmann H et al.: CSF amyloid-b-peptides in Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia. Brain 129, 1177-1187 (2006).
22. Bibl M, Mollenhauer B, Esselmann H et al.: CSF diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. J. Neural Transm. 10, (2006).
23. Bibl M, Mollenhauer B, Lewczuk P et al.: Validation of amyloid-b peptides in CSF diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementias. Mol. Psychiatry 12, 671-680 (2007).
24. 1-42 and increased tau levels in cerebrospinal fuid of patients with Alzheimer's disease. JAMA 289, 2094-2103 (2003).
25. Craig-Schapiro R, Fagan A, Holtzman D: Biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Dis. 35, 128-140 (2009).
26. Mattsson N, Zetterberg H, Hansson O et al.: CSF biomarkers and incipient Alzheimer disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment. JAMA 302, 385-393 (2009).
27. Tapiola T, Alafuzoff I, Herukka S et al.: Cerebrospinal fuid b-amyloid 42 and tau proteins as biomarkers of Alzheimer-type pathologic changes in the brain. Arch. Neurol. 66, 382-389 (2009).
28. Buerger K, Frisoni G, Uspenskaya O et al.: Validation of Alzheimer's disease CSF and plasma biological markers: the multicentre reliability study of the pilot European Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (E-ADNI). Expl. Gerontol. 44, 579-585 (2009).
29. Visser P, Verhey F, Knol D et al.: Prevalence and prognostic value of CSF markers of Alzheimer's disease pathology in patients with subjective cognitive impairment or mild cognitive impairment in the DESCRIPA study: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 8, 619-627 (2009).
30. Blennow K, Hampel H: CSF markers for incipient Alzheimer's disease. Lancet Neurol. 2, 605-613 (2003).
31. Zhong Z, Ewers M, Teipel S et al.: Levels of b-secretase (BACE1) in cerebrospinal fuid as a predictor of risk in mild cognitive impairment. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 64, 718-726 (2007).
32. Ewers M, Zhong Z, Bürger K et al.: Increased CSF-BACE 1 activity is associated with APOE-e4 genotype in subjects with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Brain 131, 1252-1258 (2008).
33. Klunk W, Engler H, Nordberg A et al.: Imaging brain amyloid in Alzheimer's disease with Pittsburgh compound-B. Ann. Neurol. 55, 306-319 (2004). (Pubitemid 38269583)
34. 42 in humans. Ann. Neurol. 59, 512-519 (2006).
35. Fagan A, Roe C, Xiong C, Mintun M, Morris J, Holtzman D: Cerebrospinal fuid tau/Ab42 ratio as a prediction of cognitive decline in nondemented older adults. Arch. Neurol. 64, 343-349 (2007).
36. Forsberg A, Engler H, Almkvist O et al.: PET imaging of amyloid deposition in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiol. Aging 29, 1456-1465 (2008).
37. 11C]PIB uptake and cerebrospinal fuid b-amyloid in mild cognitive impairment. Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 26, 378-383 (2008).
38. Jagust W, Landau S, Shaw L et al.: Relationships between biomarkers in aging and dementia. Neurology 73, 1193-1199 (2009).
39. Grimmer T, Riemenschneider M, Förstl H et al.: b amyloid in Alzheimer's disease: increased deposition in brain is refected in reduced concentration in cerebrospinal fuid. Biol. Psychiatry 65, 927-934 (2009).
40. 181 increase with cortical amyloid deposition in cognitively normal individuals: implications for future clinical trials of Alzheimer's disease. EMBO Mol. Med. 1, 371-380 (2009).
41. Aizenstein H, Nebes R, Saxton J et al.: Frequent amyloid deposition without signifcant cognitive impairment among the elderly. Arch. Neurol. 65, 1509-1517 (2008).
42. Morris J, Roe C, Grant E et al.: Pittsburgh Compound B imaging and prediction of progression from cognitive normality to symptomatic Alzheimer disease. Arch. Neurol. 66(12), 1469-1475 (2009).
43. Cairns N, Ikonomovic M, Benzinger T et al.: Absence of Pittsburgh Compound B detection of cerebral amyloid b in a patient with clinical, cognitive, and cerebrospinal fuid markers of Alzheimer disease. Arch. Neurol. 66(12), 1557-1562 (2009).
44. Itoh N, Arai H, Urakami K et al.: Large-scale, multicenter study of cerebrospinal fuid tau protein phosphorylated at serine 199 for the antemortem diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Ann. Neurol. 50, 150-156 (2001).
45. Buerger K, Teipel S, Zinkowski R et al.: CSF tau protein phosphorylated at threonine 231 correlates with cognitive decline in MCI subjects. Neurology 59, 627-629 (2002).
46. Hampel H, Mitchell A, Blennow K et al.: Core biological marker candidates of Alzheimer's disease-perspectives for diagnosis, prediction of outcome and refection of biological activity. J. Neural. Transm. 111, 247-272 (2004).
47. Buerger K, Ewers M, Pirttila T et al.: CSF phosphorylated tau protein correlates with neocortical neurofbrillary pathology in Alzheimer's disease. Brain 129(Pt 11), 3035-3041 (2006).
48. Ost M, Nylén K, Csajbok L et al.: Initial CSF total tau correlates with 1-year outcome in patients with traumatic brain injuries. Neurology 67, 1600-1604 (2006).
49. Blennow K, Nellgård B: Amyloid b 1-42 and tau in cerebrospinal fuid after severe traumatic brain injury. Neurology 62, 159 (2004).
50. Yao C, Williams A, Ottens A et al.: Detection of protein biomarkers using high-throughput immunoblotting following focal ischemic or penetrating ballistic-like brain injuries in rats, Brain Inj. 22, 723-732 (2008).
51. Zetterberg H, Pedersen M, Lind K et al.: Intra-individual stability of CSF biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease over two years. J. Alzheimers Dis. 12, 255-260 (2007). (Pubitemid 350179256)
52. Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Minthon L et al.: Longitudinal stability of CSF biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci. Lett. 419, 18-22 (2007). (Pubitemid 46694097)
53. Terry RD, Masliah E, Salmon DP et al.: Physical basis of cognitive alterations in Alzheimer's disease: synapse loss is the major correlate of cognitive impairment. Ann. Neurol. 30, 572-580 (1991).
54. 42 correlates with brain atrophy in cognitively normal elderly. Ann. Neurol. 65, 175-183 (2009).
55. Fukuyama R, Mizuno T, Mizuno T et al.: Age-dependent changes in the levels of Ab40 and Ab42 in cerebrospinal fuid from control subjects, and a decrease in the ratio of Ab42 to Ab40 level in cerebrospinal fuid from Alzheimer's disease patients. Eur. Neurol. 43, 155-160 (2000).
56. Mehta PD, Pirttila T, Mehta SP, Sersen EA, Aisen PS, Wisniewski HM: Plasma and cerebrospinal fuid levels of amyloid b proteins 1-40 and 1-42 in Alzheimer's disease. Arch. Neurol. 57, 100-105 (2000).
57. Lewczuk P, Esselmann H, Otto M et al.: Neurochemical diagnosis of Alzheimer's dementia by CSF Ab42, Ab42/Ab40 ratio and total tau. Neurobiol. Aging 25, 273-281 (2004).
58. Hansson O, Zetterberg H, Buchhave P et al.: Prediction of Alzheimer's disease using the CSF Ab42/Ab40 ratio in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 23, 316-320 (2007).
59. 181 and amyloid-b 38/40/42 for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease. J. Neural. Transm. 116, 203-212 (2009).
60. Lewczuk P, Kornhuber J, Vanderstichele H et al.: Multiplexed quantifcation of dementia biomarkers in the CSF of patients with early dementias and MCI: A multicenter study. Neurobiol. Aging 29, 812-818 (2008).
61. Hansson O, Zetterberg H, Buchhave P, Londos E, Blennow K, Minthon L: Association between CSF biomarkers and incipient Alzheimer's disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a follow-up study. Lancet Neurol 5, 228-234 (2006)
62. Snider B, Fagan A, Roe C et al.: Cerebrospinal fuid biomarkers and rate of cognitive decline in very mild dementia of the Alzheimer type. Arch. Neurol. 66, 638-645 (2009).
63. 42 ratio for increased risk of mild cognitive impairment: a follow-up study. Neurology 69, 631-639 (2007).
64. Zhang J, Goodlett D, Quinn J et al.: Quantitative proteomics of cerebrospinal fuid from patients with Alzheimer's disease. J. Alzheimers Dis. 7, 125-133 (2005).
65. Hu Y, Hosseini A, Kauwe J et al.: Identifcation and validation of novel CSF biomarkers for early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Proteomics Clin. Appl. 1, 1373-1384 (2007).
66. Castano E, Roher A, Esh C, Kokjohn T, Beach T: Comparative proteomics of cerebrospinal fuid in neuropathologically-confrmed Alzheimer's disease and non-demented elderly subjects. Neurol. Res. 28, 155-163 (2006).
67. Finehout E, Franck Z, Choe L, Relkin N, Lee K: Cerebrospinal fuid proteomic biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Ann. Neurol. 61, 120-129 (2006).
68. 11C-PIB positron emission tomography study. Ann. Neurol. 60, 145-147 (2006).
69. De Leon Mj, Desanti S, Zinkowski R et al.: Longitudinal CSF and MRI biomarkers improve the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiol. Aging 27(3), 394-401 (2006).
70. Hampel H, Burger K, Pruessner J et al.: Correlation of cerebrospinal fuid levels of tau protein phosphorylated at threonine 231 with rates of hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer disease. Arch. Neurol. 62, 770-773 (2005).
71. De Leon M, Mosconi L, Li J et al.: Longitudinal CSF isoprostane and MRI atrophy in the progression to AD. J. Neurol. Sci. 254(12), 1666-1675 (2007).
72. Kauwe J, Cruchaga C, Mayo K et al.: Variation in MAPT is associated with cerebrospinal fuid tau levels in the presence of amyloid-b deposition. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 8050-8054 (2008).
73. Kauwe J, Wang J, Mayo K et al.: Alzheimer's disease risk variants show association with cerebrospinal fuid amyloid b. Neurogenetics 10, 13-17 (2009).
74. Bateman R, Munsell L, Morris J, Swarm R, Yarasheski K, Holtzman D: Human amyloid-b synthesis and clearance rates as measured in cerebrospinal fuid in vivo. Nat. Med. 12, 856-861 (2006).
75. Bateman R, Siemers E, Mawuenyega K et al.: A g-secretase inhibitor decreases amyloid-b production in the central nervous system. Ann. Neurol. 66, 48-54 (2009).
76. Lewczuk P, Beck G, Esselmann H et al.: Effect of sample collection tubes on cerebrospinal fuid concentrations of tau proteins and amyloid b peptides. Clin. Chem. 52, 332-334 (2006).
77. Peskind E, Nordberg A, Darreh-Shori T, Soininen H: Safety of lumbar puncture procedures in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Curr. Alzheimer Res. 6, 290-292 (2009).
78. Mueller S, Weiner M, Thal L et al.: Ways toward an early diagnosis in Alzheimer's disease: the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Alzheimers Dement. 1, 55-66 (2005).
79. Frisoni G, Henneman W, Weiner M et al.: The pilot European Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative of the European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium. Alzheimers Dement. 4, 255-264 (2008).
80. Ihara Y: Overview on Alzheimer's disease. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 47, 902-904 (2007).
81. Coats M, Morris J: Antecedent biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: The Adult Children Study. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol. 18, 242-244 (2005).
82. Kornhuber J, Schmidtke K, Frolich L et al.: Early and differential diagnosis of dementia and mild cognitive impairment: design and cohort baseline characteristics of the German Dementia Competence Network. Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 27, 404-417 (2009).
83. Perrin RJ, Fagan AM, Holtzman DM: Multimodal techniques for diagnosis and prognosis of Alzheimer's disease. Nature 461(7266), 916-922 (2009).
84. 181 increase with cortical amyloid deposition in cognitively normal individuals: implications for future clinical trials of Alzheimer's disease. EMBO Mol. Med. 1(8-9), 371-380 (2009).
85. Bateman RJ, Siemers ER, Mawuenyega KG et al.: A g-secretase inhibitor decreases amyloid-b production in the central nervous system. Ann. Neurol. 66, 48-54 (2009).