Microfluidic patterning of miniaturized DNA arrays on plastic substrates

ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces

Volumn 1, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 1387-1395

  Geissler, Matthias ^a   Roy, Emmanuel ^a   Diaz Quijada, Gerardo A ^a   Galas, Jean Christophe ^a   Veres, Teodor ^a  

^a NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

DNA arrays; microfluidic patterning; plastic substrates

Indexed keywords

CARBODIIMIDE HYDROCHLORIDES; COVALENT ATTACHMENT; DNA ARRAY; DNA MOLECULES; DNA PROBE; FLUORESCENCE INTENSITIES; FLUORESCENT DYES; HIGH QUALITY; HOT-EMBOSSING LITHOGRAPHY; HUMID ENVIRONMENT; IMMOBILIZATION PROCESS; MICRO-CAPILLARIES; MICROFLUIDIC PATTERNING; MICROSPOTTING; MODIFIED OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; N-HYDROXYSUCCINIMIDE; PHOSPHATE-BUFFERED SALINES; PLASTIC SUBSTRATES; PLASTIC SURFACES; SELECTIVE ACTIVATION; SUPPLY CHANNELS; TARGET MOLECULE; THERMOPLASTIC MATERIALS;

BLOCK COPOLYMERS; DNA; FLUORESCENCE; MICROFLUIDICS; MOLECULES; NUCLEIC ACIDS; OLEFINS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; PROBES; REINFORCED PLASTICS; THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS; TWO DIMENSIONAL;

SUBSTRATES;

CARBOCYANINE; CYANINE DYE 3; CYANINE DYE 5; DNA; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE; PLASTIC; SINGLE STRANDED DNA;

ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; DNA MICROARRAY; DOSE RESPONSE; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; HYDROLYSIS; MICROFLUIDIC ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR GENETICS; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; OPTICS; SURFACE PROPERTY;

BASE SEQUENCE; CARBOCYANINES; DNA; DNA, SINGLE-STRANDED; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; HYDROLYSIS; MICROFLUIDIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAY SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; OPTICS AND PHOTONICS; PLASTICS; SURFACE PROPERTIES;

EID: 77951641458     PISSN: 19448244     EISSN: 19448252     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/am900285g     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Microarray Biochip Technology; Schena, M., Ed.; Eaton Publishing: Natick, MA, 2000.
2. Review.
3. Lockhart, D. J. and Winzeler, E. A. Nature 2000, 405, 827-836
4. Review.
5. Heller, M. J. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 2002, 4, 129-153
6. Higgins, J. P. T., Shinghal, R., Gill, H., Reese, J. H., Terris, M., Cohen, R. J., Fero, M., Pollack, J. R., van de Rijn, M., and Brooks, J. D. Am. J. Pathol. 2003, 162, 925-932
7. Review.
8. Debouck, C. and Goodfellow, P. N. Nat. Genet. 1999, 21, 48-50
9. Peytavi, R., Raymond, F. R., Gagné, D., Picard, F. J., Jia, G., Zoval, J., Madou, M., Boissinot, K., Boissinot, M., Bissonnette, L., Ouellette, M., and Bergeron, M. G. Clin. Chem. 2005, 51, 1836-1844
10. Dawson, E. D., Moore, C. L., Smagala, J. A., Dankbar, D. M., Mehlmann, M., Townsend, M. B., Smith, C. B., Cox, N. J., Kuchta, R. D., and Rowlen, K. L. Anal. Chem. 2006, 78, 7610-7615
11. Lipschutz, R. J., Fodor, S. P. A., Gingeras, T. R., and Lockhart, D. J. Nat. Genet. 1999, 21, 20-24
12. Review.
13. Pirrung, M. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 1276-1289
14. Okamoto, T., Suzuki, T., and Yamamoto, N. Nat. Biotechnol. 2000, 18, 438-441
15. Gutmann, O., Kuehlewein, R., Reinbold, S., Niekrawietz, R., Steinert, C. P., de Heij, B., Zengerle, R., and Daub, M. Biomed. Microdevices 2004, 6, 131-137
16. Xu, J., Lynch, M., Huff, J. L., Mosher, C., Vengasandra, S., Ding, G., and Henderson, E. Biomed. Microdevices 2004, 6, 117-123
17. Demers, L. M., Ginger, D. S., Park, S.-J., Li, Z., Chung, S.-W., and Mirkin, C. A. Science 2002, 296, 1836-1838
18. Lab on a Chip, a series of insight review articles in Nature 2006, 442, 367 - 418.
19. Review.
20. Madou, M., Zoval, J., Jia, G., Kido, H., Kim, J., and Kim, N. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 2006, 8, 601-628
21. Li, Y., Wang, Z., Ou, L. M. L., and Yu, H.-Z. Anal. Chem. 2007, 79, 426-433
22. Fixe, F., Dufva, M., Tellemann, P., and Christensen, C. B. V. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004, 32 e9/1-e9/8
23. Bi, H., Meng, S., Li, Y., Guo, K., Chen, Y., Kong, J., Yang, P., Zhong, W., and Liu, B. Lab Chip 2006, 6, 769-775
24. Lin, R. and Burns, M. A. J. Micromech. Microeng. 2005, 15, 2156-2162
25. Diaz-Quijada, G. A., Peytavi, R., Nantel, A., Roy, E., Bergeron, M. G., Dumoulin, M. M., and Veres, T. Lab Chip 2007, 7, 856-862
26. Liu, Y. and Rauch, C. B. Anal. Biochem. 2003, 317, 76-84
27. Situma, C., Wang, Y., Hupert, M., Barany, F., McCarley, R. L., and Soper, S. A. Anal. Biochem. 2005, 340, 123-135
28. Noerholm, M., Bruus, H., Jakobsen, M. H., Telleman, P., and Ramsing, N. B. Lab Chip 2004, 4, 28-37
29. Hawkins, K. R. and Yager, P. Lab Chip 2003, 3, 248-252
30. Stone, H. A., Stroock, A. D., and Ajdari, A. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 2004, 36, 381-411
31. Materials for Micro- and Nanofluidics, a special issue of MRS Bull. 2006, 31, 87 - 124.
32. Review.
33. Squires, T. M. and Quake, S. R. Rev. Mod. Phys. 2005, 77, 977-1026
34. Review.
35. Delamarche, E., Juncker, D., and Schmid, H. Adv. Mater. 2005, 17, 2911-2933
36. Stroock, A. D., Dertinger, S. K. W., Ajdari, A., Mezi-, I., Stone, H., and Whitesides, G. M. Science 2002, 295, 647-651
37. Dertinger, S. K. W., Chiu, D. T., Jeon, N. L., and Whitesides, G. M. Anal. Chem. 2001, 73, 1240-1246
38. Jeon, N. L., Dertinger, S. K. W., Chiu, D. T., Choi, I. S., Stroock, A. D., and Whitesides, G. M. Langmuir 2000, 16, 8311-8316
39. Sudarsan, A. P. and Ugaz, V. M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2006, 103, 7228-7233
40. Lu, L.-H., Ryu, K. S., and Liu, C. J. Microelectromech. Syst. 2002, 11, 462-469
41. Liu, R. H., Yang, J., Pindera, M. Z., Athavale, M., and Grodzinski, P. Lab Chip 2002, 2, 151-157
42. Review.
43. Xia, Y. and Whitesides, G. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 551-575
44. Review.
45. Michel, B., Bernard, A., Bietsch, A., Delamarche, E., Geissler, M., Juncker, D., Kind, H., Renault, J.-P., Rothuizen, H., Schmid, H., Schmidt-Winkel, P., Stutz, R., and Wolf, H. IBM J. Res. Dev. 2001, 45, 697-719
46. Chen, H., Wang, L., and Li, P. C. H. Lab Chip 2008, 8, 826-829
47. Delamarche, E., Bernard, A., Schmid, H., Michel, B., and Biebuyck, H. A. Science 1997, 276, 779-781
48. Delamarche, E., Bernard, A., Schmid, H., Bietsch, A., Michel, B., and Biebuyck, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 500-508
49. Bernard, A., Michel, B., and Delamarche, E. Anal. Chem. 2001, 73, 8-12
50. Takayama, S., McDonald, J. C., Ostuni, E., Liang, M. N., Kenis, P. J. A., Ismagilov, R. F., and Whitesides, G. M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1999, 96, 5545-5548
51. Chiu, D. T., Jeon, N. L., Huang, S., Kane, R. S., Wargo, C. J., Choi, I. S., Ingber, D. E., and Whitesides, G. M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2000, 97, 2408-2413
52. Juncker, D., Schmid, H., Drechsler, U., Wolf, H., Wolf, M., Michel, B., de Rooij, N., and Delamarche, E. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 6139-6144
53. Review.
54. Zhang, C., Xu, J., Ma, W., and Zheng, W. Biotechnol. Adv. 2006, 24, 243-284
55. Lee, H. H., Smoot, J., McMurray, Z., Stahl, D. A., and Yager, P. Lab Chip 2006, 6, 1163-1170
56. Benn, J. A., Hu, J., Hogan, B. J., Fry, R. C., Samson, L. D., and Thorsen, T. Anal. Biochem. 2006, 348, 284-293
57. Lee, H. J., Goodrich, T. T., and Corn, R. M. Anal. Chem. 2001, 73, 5525-5531
58. Roy, E., Geissler, M., Galas, J.-C., Diaz-Quijada, G. A., and Veres, T. Lab Chip 2009, submitted for publication.
59. Shaw, J. M., Gelorme, J. D., LaBianca, N. C., Conley, W. E., and Holmes, S. J. IBM J. Res. Dev. 1997, 41, 81-94. The process conditions for obtaining high-quality patterns with this resist are relatively well established. In addition, SU-8 is stable over a wide range of temperatures and mechanically more robust than many other resist formulations, which enabled us to reuse the same master for several embossing cycles without notable degradation
60. Handbook of Thermoplastic Elastomers, 2nd ed.; Walker, B. M. and Rader, C. P., Eds.; Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., Inc.: New York, 1988.
61. Review.
62. Fredrickson, G. H. and Bates, F. S. Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 1996, 26, 501-550
63. Motomatsu, M., Mizutani, W., and Tokumoto, H. Polymer 1997, 38, 1779-1785
64. Review.
65. Quake, S. R. and Scherer, A. Science 2002, 290, 1536-1540
66. Review.
67. McDonald, J. C. and Whitesides, G. M. Acc. Chem. Res. 2002, 35, 491-499
68. Geissler, M., Kind, H., Schmidt-Winkel, P., Michel, B., and Delamarche, E. Langmuir 2003, 19, 6283-6296
69. Trimbach, D., Feldman, K., Spencer, N. D., Broer, D. J., and Bastiaansen, C. W. M. Langmuir 2003, 19, 10957-10961
70. Trimbach, D. C., Al-Hussein, M., de Jeu, W. H., Decré, M., Broer, D. J., and Bastiaansen, C. W. M. Langmuir 2004, 20, 4738-4742
71. Sadhu, V. B., Perl, A., Péter, M., Rozkiewicz, D. I., Engbers, G., Ravoo, B. J., Reinhoudt, D. N., and Huskens, J. Langmuir 2007, 23, 6850-6855
72. Sudarsan, A. P. and Ugaz, V. M. Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 3229-3235
73. Sudarsan, A. P., Wang, J., and Ugaz, V. M. Anal. Chem. 2005, 77, 5167-5173
74. Sudarsan, A. P. and Ugaz, V. M. Lab Chip 2006, 6, 74-82
75. Delamarche, E., Schmid, H., Michel, B., and Biebuyck, H. Adv. Mater. 1997, 9, 741-746
76. Bietsch, A. and Michel, B. J. Appl. Phys. 2000, 88, 4310-4318
77. Versaflex CL30 has a surface hardness of 30 (shore A), a tensile strength of 6619 kPa, and an elongation at break of 780% according to the specifications of the supplier. Accessed at http://www.glscorp.com.
78. EDC/NHS coupling chemistry is frequently used for the immobilization of biochemical species containing amino functionalities. EDC reacts with carboxylic acid groups at the surface to form a reactive O -acylisourea intermediate, which is subsequently converted into an NHS ester species. The ester functionality provides higher stability than the reactive intermediate, allowing two-step coupling procedures with amine-modified DNA or proteins to be performed in a controlled fashion and without affecting carboxylic acid groups that may be present in these molecules. For example, see
79. Johnsson, B., Ldiefås, S., and Lindquist, G. Anal. Biochem. 1991, 198, 268-277
80. rec of 65 ± 2° and 21 ± 4°, respectively, which were sufficient to promote autonomous movement of aqueous solution in the channels. The time required for filling the entire μCS is dependent on l and was typically on the order of 5-15 min. Oxidized surfaces of CL30 were sufficiently stable in air to ensure convenient handling, yet they largely recovered their hydrophobic character over the course of several days when stored at ambient conditions.
81. AFM measurements of activated plastic surfaces revealed root-mean-square roughness values that were generally in the lower nanometer range for both PMMA and Zeonor substrates. The μCS conformed spontaneously to either of these surfaces without the need for applying any external pressure. Forces of adhesion between CL30 and Zeonor were generally superior to those of CL30 and PMMA (data not shown), indicating differences in the polymer-polymer interactions at the interface.
82. Deegan, R. D., Bakajin, O., Dupont, T. F., Huber, G., Nagel, S. R., and Witten, T. A. Nature 1997, 389, 827-829