"A decided disadvantage for the kindergarten students to mix with the state teachers"

Paedagogica Historica

Volumn 46, Issue 1-2, 2010, Pages 85-97

  Whitehead, Kay ^a  

^a School of Education   (Australia)

Author keywords

Gender; Kindergarten training college; Social class; Teacher education

Indexed keywords

EID: 77951635357     PISSN: 00309230     EISSN: 1477674X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00309230903528470     Document Type: Article

References (102)

1. C. Ogrjen, The American State Normal School: "An Instrument of Great Good" (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), 1.
2. K. Weiler, Country Schoolwomen: Teaching in Rural California 1850-1950 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998): 20-21.
3. A. Gitlin, "Gender and Professionalization: An Institutional Analysis of Teacher Education and Unionism at the Turn of the Twentieth Century," Teachers College Record 97, no. 4 (1996): 579-624.
4. B. Hyams, Teacher Preparation in Australia: A History of its Development from 1850-1950 (Melbourne: Australian Council of Educational Research, 1979).
5. N. Kyle, Her Natural Destiny: The Education of Women in New South Wales (Kensington: New South Wales University Press, 1986), 142.
6. K. Dombkowski, "Kindergarten Teacher Training in England and the United States 1850- 1918," History of Education 32, no. 1 (2003): 116.
7. Dombkowski, "Kindergarten Teacher Training", 120-21.
8. B. Beatty, Preschool Education in America: The Culture of Young Children from the Colonial Era to the Present (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995): 109.
9. see also B. Beatty, "Child Gardening: The Teaching of Young Children in American Schools," in American Teachers: Histories of a Profession at Work, ed. D. Warren (New York: Macmillan, 1989), 65-97.
10. D. Brennan, The Politics of Australian Childcare: From Philanthropy to Feminism (Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 27.
11. C. Dowd, Adelaide Kindergarten Teachers College: A History 1907-1974 (Adelaide: South Australian College of Advanced Education, 1983).
12. R. Harrison, Sydney Kindergarten Teachers College 1897-1981 (Sydney: Sydney Kindergarten Teachers College Graduates Association, 1985).
13. L. Gardiner, The Free Kindergarten Union of Victoria, 1908-80 (Melbourne: Australian Council of Educational Research, 1982).
14. Dombkowski, "Kindergarten Teacher Training," 121.
15. Hyams, Teacher Preparation in Australia. In Australia there is no common nomenclature to describe the field of early childhood education. For the sake of clarity I use kindergarten to refer to pre-school education and infant departments to signify the early years of compulsory state schooling.
16. H. Jones, "The Acceptable Crusader: Lillian de Lissa and Pre-School Education in South Australia," in Melbourne Studies in Education 1975, ed. S. Murray-Smith (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1975), 126-53.
17. Daily Times (Chicago), April 21, 1943.
18. Lone Hand (Adelaide) 1 January 1913, p. xxxvi.
19. see also Daily Herald (Adelaide), January 4, 1914, p. 13.
20. Final Report of the Royal Commission on Education Together with Minutes of Proceedings, Evidence and Appendices. South Australian Parliamentary Papers 1913, no. 75, 129.
21. Oakland Tribune, June 21, 1943.
22. see also Examiner (San Francisco) June 11, 1943.
23. Daily Times (Chicago), April 21, 1943.
24. H. May, The Discovery of Early Childhood (Auckland: Auckland University Press, 1997), 56.
25. see also J. Read, "Froebelian Women: Networking to Promote Professional Status and Educational Change in the Nineteenth Century," History of Education 32, no. 1 (2003): 17-33.
26. Beatty, Preschool Education, 63-64.
27. E. Russell, "What is the Kindergarten? Teaching the Froebel System in Australia," New Idea, 6 May 1903, 794.
28. Ibid., 795.
29. Ibid.; Beatty, Preschool Education, 112.
30. Harrison, Sydney Kindergarten Teachers College, 112.
31. Oakland Tribune, June 21, 1943. Kindergarten Union of South Australia, Annual Report, 1908/9, 13 (hereafter KUSA).
32. Harrison, Sydney Kindergarten Teachers College, 214.
33. KUSA. Talks Given by Lillian de Lissa at the Golden Jubilee of the Kindergarten Union of South Australia 1955 (Adelaide: KUSA, 1975): 8.
34. Statement of Objects and Aims of the Kindergarten Union of South Australia, GRG 69/20/ 5, State Records of South Australia (SRSA).
35. H. Jones, The Jubilee History of the Kindergarten Union of South Australia, 1905-1955 (Adelaide: Kindergarten Union of South Australia, 1975), 9-10, 38.
36. Minutes of the Executive Committee of KUSA 1905-1952 (hereafter Executive Minutes), November 8, 1905, GRG 69/1, SRSA.
37. Constitution and Reports 1906, GRG 69/20/1, SRSA.
38. Statement of Objects and Aims of the Kindergarten Union of South Australia, GRG 69/20/ 5, SRSA.
39. A. Vicary, In the Interests of Education: A History of Education Unionism in South Australia (St Leonards: Allen & Unwin, 1997), 24-27.
40. Dowd, Adelaide Kindergarten Teachers College, 13.
41. Hyams, Teacher Preparation, 56.
42. Dowd, Adelaide Kindergarten Teachers College, 22-24.
43. Executive Minutes, August 7, 1906.
44. Executive Minutes, September 11, 1906.
45. Executive Minutes, November 6, November 13, 1906, February 12, 1907.
46. Dowd, Adelaide Kindergarten Teachers College, 53-59.
47. KUSA Annual Report, 1906/7, 12.
48. KUSA Annual Report, 1908/9, 13.
49. Executive Minutes, February 24, 1908.
50. Executive Minutes, October 27, 1908.
51. Executive Minutes, January 12, 1909.
52. Hyams, Teacher Preparation, 63-66.
53. A. Williams to Minister of Education, December 2, 1909, GRG 18/2/1909/2662.
54. see also A. Williams to Minister of Education, October 26, 1909, GRG 18/2/1909/2390, SRSA.
55. Executive Minutes, November 29, 1909.
56. Executive Minutes, April 26, 1910.
57. Minutes of the Kindergarten Training College Council 1980-1938 (hereafter cited as KTCC minutes), December 7, 1909, GRG 69/4/1 SRSA.
58. Education Gazette, January 26, 1910: 22.
59. KTCC minutes, April 6, 1909.
60. Executive Minutes, October 20, 1909.
61. Executive Minutes, June 4, 1907.
62. Executive Minutes, August 30, September 20, 1910.
63. Executive Minutes, October 11, 1910.
64. Dowd, Adelaide Kindergarten Teachers College, 48.
65. L. Trethewey, "Lucy Spence Morice: "Mother of Kindergartens" in South Australia," History of Education Review 37, no. 2 (2008): 14-25.
66. KUSA Annual Report, 1909/10, 9.
67. Register, October 24, 1910, p. 3.
68. Register, November 22, 1910, p. 4.
69. Advertiser, November 22, 1910, p. 9.
70. Advertiser, November 28, 1910, p. 11.
71. see also Register, November 23, 1910, p. 9, November 24, 1910, p. 11, November 28, 1910, p. 10 and 15.
72. Register, November 24, 1910, p. 3.
73. Brennan, The Politics of Australian Childcare, 28.
74. Jones, "The Acceptable Crusader", 141.
75. See for example, The Times Educational Supplement, May 5, 1921, 203.
76. Register, November 28, 1910, p. 10.
77. Register, November 29, 1910, p. 8.
78. Executive Minutes, December 16, 1910.
79. Dowd, Adelaide Kindergarten Teachers College, 53-59.
80. Miller, ed., Adelaide Kindergarten Club, March 1913-July 1915: The Kindergarten Graduates Club August 1915- July 1922 (Adelaide: De Lissa Institute Association of Early Childhood Graduates, no date), 6-7.
81. K. Whitehead, "Contextualizing and Contesting National Identities: Lillian de Lissa, 1885-1967," Vitae Scholasticae 26, no. 1: 41-60.
82. See correspondence between White and de Lissa, Merrill-Palmer Institute: Edna Noble White Collection, Acc. 1066, Box 56, Folder 28 and Box 60, Folders 16-22, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University; Beatty, Preschool Education, 150-53.
83. Whitehead, "Contextualizing and Contesting National Identities."
84. K. Whitehead, "Betwixt and Between Speeches: Lillian de Lissa and the Kindergarten Union Jubilee Celebrations of 1955," History of Education Researcher no. 80 (2007): 113-21.
85. Gardiner, The Free Kindergarten Union of Victoria, 19-30.
86. Brennan, The Politics of Australian Childcare, 18, 27-30.
87. K. Whitehead, "The Construction of Early Childhood Teachers' Professional Identities, Then and Now," Australian Journal of Early Childhood 33, no. 3 (2008): 34-41.
88. Final Report of the Royal Commission, 127.
89. Gardiner, The Free Kindergarten Union, 56-58.
90. D. Gahan, "Historical Perspectives on Kindergarten Education in Queensland," in Early Childhood in Australia: Historical and Comparative Contexts ed. J. Ailwood (Frenchs Forest: Pearson SprintPrint, 2007), 7.
91. KUSA, Talks Given by Lillian de Lissa, 47.
92. see also Gardiner, The Free Kindergarten Union, 54.
93. Brennan, The Politics of Australian Childcare, 30.
94. Gahan, "Historical Perspectives", 8.
95. Dombkowski, "Kindergarten Teacher Training", 124.
96. Final Report of the Royal Commission, 127.
97. KUSA, The Kindergarten Teacher (Adelaide: KUSA, no date), 2.
98. See also Beatty, "Child Gardening", 75.
99. Gahan, "Historical Perspectives", 8.
100. J. Ailwood, "Motherhood, Maternalism and Early Childhood Education: Some Historical Connections," in Early Childhood in Australia: Historical and Comparative Contexts, ed. J. Ailwood (Frenchs Forest: Pearson SprintPrint, 2007), 53-54.
101. Final Report of the Royal Commission, 125.
102. KUSA, The Kindergarten Teacher, 1-3.