메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 159, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 716-729

Evaluation of ventricular arrhythmias in early clinical pharmacology trials and potential consequences for later development

(16)  Min, Sherene S a   Turner, J Rick b   Nada, Adel c   DiMino, Tara L a   Hynie, Ivo d   Kleiman, Robert e   Kowey, Peter f   Krucoff, Mitchell W g   Mason, Jay W h   Phipps, Alex i   Newton Cheh, Christopher j   Pordy, Robert k   Strnadova, Colette d   Targum, Shari l   Uhl, Kathleen l   Finkle, John a  


Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT;

EID: 77951612629     PISSN: 00028703     EISSN: 10976744     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2010.02.004     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (18)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 64349084942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New precompetitive paradigms: focus on cardiac safety
    • Finkle J., Bloomfield D., Uhl K., et al. New precompetitive paradigms: focus on cardiac safety. Am Heart J 157 (2009) 825-826
    • (2009) Am Heart J , vol.157 , pp. 825-826
    • Finkle, J.1    Bloomfield, D.2    Uhl, K.3
  • 2
    • 0019446496 scopus 로고
    • The frequency and prognostic significance of electrocardiographic abnormalities in clinically normal individuals
    • Barrett P.A., Peter C.T., Swan H.J., et al. The frequency and prognostic significance of electrocardiographic abnormalities in clinically normal individuals. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 23 (1981) 299-319
    • (1981) Prog Cardiovasc Dis , vol.23 , pp. 299-319
    • Barrett, P.A.1    Peter, C.T.2    Swan, H.J.3
  • 3
    • 0034061252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of a short rhythm strip compared to ambulatory ECG monitoring for ventricular ectopy
    • Evenson K.R., Welch V.L., Cascio W.E., et al. Validation of a short rhythm strip compared to ambulatory ECG monitoring for ventricular ectopy. J Clin Epidemiol 53 (2000) 491-497
    • (2000) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.53 , pp. 491-497
    • Evenson, K.R.1    Welch, V.L.2    Cascio, W.E.3
  • 4
    • 0020374751 scopus 로고
    • Premature beats in healthy subjects 40-79 years of age
    • Bjerregaard P. Premature beats in healthy subjects 40-79 years of age. Eur Heart J 3 (1982) 493-503
    • (1982) Eur Heart J , vol.3 , pp. 493-503
    • Bjerregaard, P.1
  • 5
    • 0020622225 scopus 로고
    • Incidence and prognostic significance of ventricular arrhythmias in individuals without detectable heart disease
    • Bethge K.P., Bethge D., Meiners G., et al. Incidence and prognostic significance of ventricular arrhythmias in individuals without detectable heart disease. Eur Heart J 4 (1983) 338-346
    • (1983) Eur Heart J , vol.4 , pp. 338-346
    • Bethge, K.P.1    Bethge, D.2    Meiners, G.3
  • 6
    • 0021794080 scopus 로고
    • Premature ventricular beats in healthy adult subjects 20 to 79 years of age
    • Rasmussen V., Jensen G., Schnohr P., et al. Premature ventricular beats in healthy adult subjects 20 to 79 years of age. Eur Heart J 6 (1985) 335-341
    • (1985) Eur Heart J , vol.6 , pp. 335-341
    • Rasmussen, V.1    Jensen, G.2    Schnohr, P.3
  • 7
    • 0021234071 scopus 로고
    • Arrhythmias on ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in women without apparent heart disease
    • Romhilt D.W., Chaffin C., Choi S.C., et al. Arrhythmias on ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in women without apparent heart disease. Am J Cardiol 54 (1984) 582-586
    • (1984) Am J Cardiol , vol.54 , pp. 582-586
    • Romhilt, D.W.1    Chaffin, C.2    Choi, S.C.3
  • 8
    • 0015611719 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between ventricular premature contractions on routine electrocardiography and subsequent sudden death from coronary heart disease
    • Fisher F.D., and Tyroler H.A. Relationship between ventricular premature contractions on routine electrocardiography and subsequent sudden death from coronary heart disease. Circulation 47 (1973) 712-719
    • (1973) Circulation , vol.47 , pp. 712-719
    • Fisher, F.D.1    Tyroler, H.A.2
  • 9
    • 33749759322 scopus 로고
    • Electrocardiographic findings in 122,043 individuals
    • Hiss R.G., and Lamb L.E. Electrocardiographic findings in 122,043 individuals. Circulation 25 (1962) 947-961
    • (1962) Circulation , vol.25 , pp. 947-961
    • Hiss, R.G.1    Lamb, L.E.2
  • 10
    • 0001163015 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the electrocardiogram obtained from 1000 young healthy aviators
    • Graybiel A., McFarland R., Gates D., et al. Analysis of the electrocardiogram obtained from 1000 young healthy aviators. Am Heart J 27 (1944) 524-549
    • (1944) Am Heart J , vol.27 , pp. 524-549
    • Graybiel, A.1    McFarland, R.2    Gates, D.3
  • 11
    • 0005485860 scopus 로고
    • Frequency of premature beats in 715 healthy adult subjects
    • Okajima M., Scholmerich P., and Simonson E. Frequency of premature beats in 715 healthy adult subjects. Minn Med 43 (1960) 751-753
    • (1960) Minn Med , vol.43 , pp. 751-753
    • Okajima, M.1    Scholmerich, P.2    Simonson, E.3
  • 12
    • 0005451632 scopus 로고
    • The electrocardiogram in later life. Archives Int
    • Eliaser M., and Kondo B. The electrocardiogram in later life. Archives Int. Med 67 (1941) 637
    • (1941) Med , vol.67 , pp. 637
    • Eliaser, M.1    Kondo, B.2
  • 13
    • 85008137597 scopus 로고
    • Mass survey for cardiovascular disease II. Results of a mass survey of 4,236 workers
    • Yamada K., Yamana K., Mori S., et al. Mass survey for cardiovascular disease II. Results of a mass survey of 4,236 workers. Japanese Circulation Journal 22 (1958) 1
    • (1958) Japanese Circulation Journal , vol.22 , pp. 1
    • Yamada, K.1    Yamana, K.2    Mori, S.3
  • 14
    • 0016632926 scopus 로고
    • Ventricular premature beats in a population sample. Frequency and associations with coronary risk characteristics
    • Crow R.S., et al. Ventricular premature beats in a population sample. Frequency and associations with coronary risk characteristics. Circulation 52 6 Suppl (1975) III211-III215
    • (1975) Circulation , vol.52 , Issue.6 SUPPL
    • Crow, R.S.1
  • 15
    • 0014531335 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of premature systoles to coronary heart disease and sudden death in the Tecumseh epidemiologic study
    • Chiang B.N., Perlman L.V., Ostrander Jr. L.D., et al. Relationship of premature systoles to coronary heart disease and sudden death in the Tecumseh epidemiologic study. Ann Intern Med 70 (1969) 1159-1166
    • (1969) Ann Intern Med , vol.70 , pp. 1159-1166
    • Chiang, B.N.1    Perlman, L.V.2    Ostrander Jr., L.D.3
  • 16
    • 0036184638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of premature ventricular contractions in a population of African American and white men and women: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study
    • Simpson Jr. R.J., Cascio W.E., Schreiner P.J., et al. Prevalence of premature ventricular contractions in a population of African American and white men and women: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Am Heart J 143 (2002) 535-540
    • (2002) Am Heart J , vol.143 , pp. 535-540
    • Simpson Jr., R.J.1    Cascio, W.E.2    Schreiner, P.J.3
  • 17
    • 0018111640 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of increasing hours of continuous ambulatory electrocardiography in detecting maximal ventricular ectopy. Continuous 48 hour study of patients with coronary heart disease and normal subjects
    • Kennedy H.L., Chandra V., Sayther K.L., et al. Effectiveness of increasing hours of continuous ambulatory electrocardiography in detecting maximal ventricular ectopy. Continuous 48 hour study of patients with coronary heart disease and normal subjects. Am J Cardiol 42 (1978) 925-930
    • (1978) Am J Cardiol , vol.42 , pp. 925-930
    • Kennedy, H.L.1    Chandra, V.2    Sayther, K.L.3
  • 18
    • 0019434534 scopus 로고
    • Premature ventricular complexes in the absence of identifiable heart disease
    • Kostis J.B., McCrone K., Moreyra A.E., et al. Premature ventricular complexes in the absence of identifiable heart disease. Circulation 63 (1981) 1351-1356
    • (1981) Circulation , vol.63 , pp. 1351-1356
    • Kostis, J.B.1    McCrone, K.2    Moreyra, A.E.3
  • 19
    • 0024593804 scopus 로고
    • Electrocardiographic findings in male veteran endurance athletes
    • Northcote R.J., Canning G.P., and Ballantyne D. Electrocardiographic findings in male veteran endurance athletes. Br Heart J 61 (1989) 155-160
    • (1989) Br Heart J , vol.61 , pp. 155-160
    • Northcote, R.J.1    Canning, G.P.2    Ballantyne, D.3
  • 20
    • 0014365392 scopus 로고
    • Continuous electrocardiographic monitoring during automobile driving. Studies in normal subjects and patients with coronary disease
    • Bellet S., Roman L., Kostis J., et al. Continuous electrocardiographic monitoring during automobile driving. Studies in normal subjects and patients with coronary disease. Am J Cardiol 22 (1968) 856-862
    • (1968) Am J Cardiol , vol.22 , pp. 856-862
    • Bellet, S.1    Roman, L.2    Kostis, J.3
  • 21
    • 0015875595 scopus 로고
    • Ventricular ectopic beats: relation to angiographically documented coronary artery disease
    • Amsterdam E.A., Vismara L.A., Brocchini R., et al. Ventricular ectopic beats: relation to angiographically documented coronary artery disease. Clin Res 21 (1973) 399
    • (1973) Clin Res , vol.21 , pp. 399
    • Amsterdam, E.A.1    Vismara, L.A.2    Brocchini, R.3
  • 22
    • 84910171267 scopus 로고
    • The variable spectrum of rhythm disturbances in the mitral valve prolapse syndrome
    • DeMaria A.N., Amsterdam E.A., and Vismara L.A. The variable spectrum of rhythm disturbances in the mitral valve prolapse syndrome. Circulation 50 (1974)
    • (1974) Circulation , vol.50
    • DeMaria, A.N.1    Amsterdam, E.A.2    Vismara, L.A.3
  • 23
    • 0017150191 scopus 로고
    • Long-term recording of the electrocardiogram in a normal population
    • Raftery E.B., and Cashman P.M. Long-term recording of the electrocardiogram in a normal population. Postgrad Med J 52 Suppl 7 (1976) 32-38
    • (1976) Postgrad Med J , vol.52 , Issue.SUPPL. 7 , pp. 32-38
    • Raftery, E.B.1    Cashman, P.M.2
  • 24
    • 0017126852 scopus 로고
    • The rhythm of the normal human heart
    • Clarke J.M., Hamer J., Shelton J.R., et al. The rhythm of the normal human heart. Lancet 1 (1976) 508-512
    • (1976) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 508-512
    • Clarke, J.M.1    Hamer, J.2    Shelton, J.R.3
  • 25
    • 0017715123 scopus 로고
    • Ventricular arrhythmia 24 hours before and after maximal treadmill testing
    • Kennedy H.L., Caralis D.G., Khan M.A., et al. Ventricular arrhythmia 24 hours before and after maximal treadmill testing. Am Heart J 94 (1977) 718-724
    • (1977) Am Heart J , vol.94 , pp. 718-724
    • Kennedy, H.L.1    Caralis, D.G.2    Khan, M.A.3
  • 26
    • 84910317925 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of cardiac arrhythmias in a presumed healthy population
    • Stott F.D., Raftery E.B., Sleight P., and Goulding L. (Eds), Academic Press, London
    • Verbaan C.J., Pool J., and Van Wanrooy J. Incidence of cardiac arrhythmias in a presumed healthy population. In: Stott F.D., Raftery E.B., Sleight P., and Goulding L. (Eds). ISAM; 1977 (1977), Academic Press, London 1-5
    • (1977) ISAM; 1977 , pp. 1-5
    • Verbaan, C.J.1    Pool, J.2    Van Wanrooy, J.3
  • 27
    • 0017355703 scopus 로고
    • Arrhythmias documented by 24 hour continuous electrocardiographic monitoring in 50 male medical students without apparent heart disease
    • Brodsky M., Wu D., Denes P., et al. Arrhythmias documented by 24 hour continuous electrocardiographic monitoring in 50 male medical students without apparent heart disease. Am J Cardiol 39 (1977) 390-395
    • (1977) Am J Cardiol , vol.39 , pp. 390-395
    • Brodsky, M.1    Wu, D.2    Denes, P.3
  • 28
    • 0018129859 scopus 로고
    • Detection of ventricular ectopy in patients with coronary heart disease and normal subjects by exercise testing and ambulatory electrocardiography
    • Poblete P.F., Kennedy H.L., and Caralis D.G. Detection of ventricular ectopy in patients with coronary heart disease and normal subjects by exercise testing and ambulatory electrocardiography. Chest 74 (1978) 402-407
    • (1978) Chest , vol.74 , pp. 402-407
    • Poblete, P.F.1    Kennedy, H.L.2    Caralis, D.G.3
  • 29
    • 0018242556 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of disturbance of cardiac rhythm in healthy New Zealand adults: a pilot study
    • Adey H., Ballantyne D.A., Bostock M.I., et al. The prevalence of disturbance of cardiac rhythm in healthy New Zealand adults: a pilot study. N Z Med J 88 (1978) 433-435
    • (1978) N Z Med J , vol.88 , pp. 433-435
    • Adey, H.1    Ballantyne, D.A.2    Bostock, M.I.3
  • 30
    • 0018364016 scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of frequent complex arrhythmias detected by ambulatory monitoring: findings in an apparently healthy asymptomatic elderly population
    • Glasser S.P., Clark P.I., and Applebaum H.J. Occurrence of frequent complex arrhythmias detected by ambulatory monitoring: findings in an apparently healthy asymptomatic elderly population. Chest 75 (1979) 565-568
    • (1979) Chest , vol.75 , pp. 565-568
    • Glasser, S.P.1    Clark, P.I.2    Applebaum, H.J.3
  • 31
    • 0018947327 scopus 로고
    • Results of 24 hour ambulatory monitoring of electrocardiogram in 131 healthy boys aged 10 to 13 years
    • Scott O., Williams G.J., and Fiddler G.I. Results of 24 hour ambulatory monitoring of electrocardiogram in 131 healthy boys aged 10 to 13 years. Br Heart J 44 (1980) 304-308
    • (1980) Br Heart J , vol.44 , pp. 304-308
    • Scott, O.1    Williams, G.J.2    Fiddler, G.I.3
  • 32
    • 0019178443 scopus 로고
    • Electrocardiographic characteristics of neurocirculatory asthenia during everyday activities
    • Tzivoni D., Stern Z., Keren A., et al. Electrocardiographic characteristics of neurocirculatory asthenia during everyday activities. Br Heart J 44 (1980) 426-432
    • (1980) Br Heart J , vol.44 , pp. 426-432
    • Tzivoni, D.1    Stern, Z.2    Keren, A.3
  • 34
    • 0019524223 scopus 로고
    • Arrhythmias documented by 24-hour continuous ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in young women without apparent heart disease
    • Sobotka P.A., Mayer J.H., Bauernfeind R.A., et al. Arrhythmias documented by 24-hour continuous ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in young women without apparent heart disease. Am Heart J 101 (1981) 753-759
    • (1981) Am Heart J , vol.101 , pp. 753-759
    • Sobotka, P.A.1    Mayer, J.H.2    Bauernfeind, R.A.3
  • 35
    • 77951556934 scopus 로고
    • Complex ventricular premature beats in healthy middle aged men during 24-hour Holter tape recording
    • Manger Cats V., Darmanata J., and Durrer D. Complex ventricular premature beats in healthy middle aged men during 24-hour Holter tape recording. Eur Heart J 2 suppl A (1981) 13
    • (1981) Eur Heart J , vol.2 , Issue.SUPPL. A , pp. 13
    • Manger Cats, V.1    Darmanata, J.2    Durrer, D.3
  • 36
    • 0020066862 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac arrhythmias in a healthy elderly population: detection by 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography
    • Fleg J.L., and Kennedy H.L. Cardiac arrhythmias in a healthy elderly population: detection by 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography. Chest 81 (1982) 302-307
    • (1982) Chest , vol.81 , pp. 302-307
    • Fleg, J.L.1    Kennedy, H.L.2
  • 37
    • 0019962567 scopus 로고
    • Twenty-four hour continuous ECG recordings in long-distance runners
    • Talan D.A., Bauernfeind R.A., Ashley W.W., et al. Twenty-four hour continuous ECG recordings in long-distance runners. Chest 82 (1982) 19-24
    • (1982) Chest , vol.82 , pp. 19-24
    • Talan, D.A.1    Bauernfeind, R.A.2    Ashley, W.W.3
  • 38
    • 0020077038 scopus 로고
    • Ambulatory electrocardiographic recording in endurance athletes
    • Viitasalo M.T., Kala R., and Eisalo A. Ambulatory electrocardiographic recording in endurance athletes. Br Heart J 47 (1982) 213-220
    • (1982) Br Heart J , vol.47 , pp. 213-220
    • Viitasalo, M.T.1    Kala, R.2    Eisalo, A.3
  • 39
    • 0020512075 scopus 로고
    • Twenty-four-hour continuous electrocardiography during exercise and free activity in 80 apparently healthy runners
    • Pilcher G.F., Cook A.J., Johnston B.L., et al. Twenty-four-hour continuous electrocardiography during exercise and free activity in 80 apparently healthy runners. Am J Cardiol 52 (1983) 859-861
    • (1983) Am J Cardiol , vol.52 , pp. 859-861
    • Pilcher, G.F.1    Cook, A.J.2    Johnston, B.L.3
  • 40
    • 0021347840 scopus 로고
    • Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in 100 healthy teenage boys
    • Dickinson D.F., and Scott O. Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in 100 healthy teenage boys. Br Heart J 51 (1984) 179-183
    • (1984) Br Heart J , vol.51 , pp. 179-183
    • Dickinson, D.F.1    Scott, O.2
  • 41
    • 0022655128 scopus 로고
    • Frequency of extrasystoles in healthy male employees
    • Orth-Gomer K., Hogstedt C., Bodin L., et al. Frequency of extrasystoles in healthy male employees. Br Heart J 55 (1986) 259-264
    • (1986) Br Heart J , vol.55 , pp. 259-264
    • Orth-Gomer, K.1    Hogstedt, C.2    Bodin, L.3
  • 42
    • 0021473986 scopus 로고
    • Continuous ambulatory electrocardiography in healthy adult subjects over a 24-hour period. Clinical data, and evaluation of instruments for ambulatory electrocardiography
    • Bjerregaard P. Continuous ambulatory electrocardiography in healthy adult subjects over a 24-hour period. Clinical data, and evaluation of instruments for ambulatory electrocardiography. Dan Med Bull 31 (1984) 283-297
    • (1984) Dan Med Bull , vol.31 , pp. 283-297
    • Bjerregaard, P.1
  • 43
    • 0028084579 scopus 로고
    • Ambulatory electrocardiographic findings in top athletes, athletic students and control subjects
    • Bjornstad H., Storstein L., Meen H.D., et al. Ambulatory electrocardiographic findings in top athletes, athletic students and control subjects. Cardiology 84 (1994) 42-50
    • (1994) Cardiology , vol.84 , pp. 42-50
    • Bjornstad, H.1    Storstein, L.2    Meen, H.D.3
  • 44
    • 0029037392 scopus 로고
    • Use of 24 h ambulatory ECG recordings in the assessment of new chemical entities in healthy volunteers
    • Stinson J.C., Pears J.S., Williams A.J., et al. Use of 24 h ambulatory ECG recordings in the assessment of new chemical entities in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 39 (1995) 651-656
    • (1995) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.39 , pp. 651-656
    • Stinson, J.C.1    Pears, J.S.2    Williams, A.J.3
  • 46
    • 0031446175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse events and discomfort in studies on healthy subjects: the volunteer's perspective. A survey conducted by the German Association for Applied Human Pharmacology
    • Hermann R., Heger-Mahn D., Mahler M., et al. Adverse events and discomfort in studies on healthy subjects: the volunteer's perspective. A survey conducted by the German Association for Applied Human Pharmacology. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 53 (1997) 207-214
    • (1997) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.53 , pp. 207-214
    • Hermann, R.1    Heger-Mahn, D.2    Mahler, M.3
  • 47
    • 0017896090 scopus 로고
    • Roles of psychologic stress and autonomic nervous system changes in provocation of ventricular premature complexes
    • Lown B., and DeSilva R.A. Roles of psychologic stress and autonomic nervous system changes in provocation of ventricular premature complexes. Am J Cardiol 41 (1978) 979-985
    • (1978) Am J Cardiol , vol.41 , pp. 979-985
    • Lown, B.1    DeSilva, R.A.2
  • 48
    • 76549257992 scopus 로고
    • Life situations, emotions, and extrasystoles
    • Stevenson I.P., Duncan C.H., et al. Life situations, emotions, and extrasystoles. Psychosom Med 11 (1949) 257-272
    • (1949) Psychosom Med , vol.11 , pp. 257-272
    • Stevenson, I.P.1    Duncan, C.H.2
  • 49
    • 17044370867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of psychologic stress on repolarization and relationship to autonomic and hemodynamic factors
    • Lampert R., Shusterman V., Burg M.M., et al. Effects of psychologic stress on repolarization and relationship to autonomic and hemodynamic factors. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 16 (2005) 372-377
    • (2005) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.16 , pp. 372-377
    • Lampert, R.1    Shusterman, V.2    Burg, M.M.3
  • 50
    • 4444320050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of physical deconditioning on ventricular tachyarrhythmia's in trained athletes
    • Biffi A., Maron B.J., Verdile L., et al. Impact of physical deconditioning on ventricular tachyarrhythmia's in trained athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol 44 (2004) 1053-1058
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.44 , pp. 1053-1058
    • Biffi, A.1    Maron, B.J.2    Verdile, L.3
  • 51
    • 33750087925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and evaluation of ventricular premature beats
    • Olshansky B. (Ed), UpToDate, Inc., Waltham (Mass) Last accessed March 3, 2010
    • Podrid P.J. Prevalence and evaluation of ventricular premature beats. In: Olshansky B. (Ed). UpToDate online, version 16.1 (2008), UpToDate, Inc., Waltham (Mass). http://www.uptodateonline.com/patients/content/topic.do?topicKey=~vHr2tNqmWquuO1t Last accessed March 3, 2010
    • (2008) UpToDate online, version 16.1
    • Podrid, P.J.1
  • 52
    • 77951526699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sorrentino M.J. Arrhythmic complications of mitral valve prolapse. In: Otto C.M, Arnsdorf M.F, editors. UpToDate online, version 16.1. Waltham Mass, UpToDate, Inc. Available at: .com/patients/content/topic.do?topicKey=~wW7GlP5LjIemIR&selectedTitle=6%7E119&source=search_result. Last accessed March 3, 2010
    • Sorrentino M.J. Arrhythmic complications of mitral valve prolapse. In: Otto C.M., Arnsdorf M.F., editors. UpToDate online, version 16.1. Waltham (Mass): UpToDate, Inc. Available at: http://www.uptodateonline.com/patients/content/topic.do?topicKey=~wW7GlP5LjIemIR&selectedTitle=6%7E119&source=search_result. Last accessed March 3, 2010.
  • 53
    • 0017116805 scopus 로고
    • Arrhythmias in the mitral valve prolapse syndrome. Prevalence, nature, and frequency
    • DeMaria A.N., Amsterdam E.A., Vismara L.A., et al. Arrhythmias in the mitral valve prolapse syndrome. Prevalence, nature, and frequency. Ann Intern Med 84 (1976) 656-660
    • (1976) Ann Intern Med , vol.84 , pp. 656-660
    • DeMaria, A.N.1    Amsterdam, E.A.2    Vismara, L.A.3
  • 54
    • 0033168952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and clinical outcome of mitral-valve prolapse
    • Freed L.A., Levy D., Levine R.A., et al. Prevalence and clinical outcome of mitral-valve prolapse. N Engl J Med 341 (1999) 1-7
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.341 , pp. 1-7
    • Freed, L.A.1    Levy, D.2    Levine, R.A.3
  • 55
    • 0030215332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between severity of mitral regurgitation and prognosis of mitral valve prolapse: echocardiographic follow-up study
    • Kim S., Kuroda T., Nishinaga M., et al. Relationship between severity of mitral regurgitation and prognosis of mitral valve prolapse: echocardiographic follow-up study. Am Heart J 132 (1996) 348-355
    • (1996) Am Heart J , vol.132 , pp. 348-355
    • Kim, S.1    Kuroda, T.2    Nishinaga, M.3
  • 56
    • 0018085624 scopus 로고
    • Limitations of routine long-term electrocardiographic monitoring to assess ventricular ectopic frequency
    • Morganroth J., Michelson E.L., Horowitz L.N., et al. Limitations of routine long-term electrocardiographic monitoring to assess ventricular ectopic frequency. Circulation 58 (1978) 408-414
    • (1978) Circulation , vol.58 , pp. 408-414
    • Morganroth, J.1    Michelson, E.L.2    Horowitz, L.N.3
  • 57
    • 0018905388 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous variability of complex ventricular arrhythmias detected by long-term electrocardiographic recording
    • Michelson E.L., and Morganroth J. Spontaneous variability of complex ventricular arrhythmias detected by long-term electrocardiographic recording. Circulation 61 (1980) 690-695
    • (1980) Circulation , vol.61 , pp. 690-695
    • Michelson, E.L.1    Morganroth, J.2
  • 58
    • 0021842708 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the spontaneous variability of ventricular arrhythmias: consecutive ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings of ventricular tachycardia
    • Pratt C.M., Slymen D.J., Wierman A.M., et al. Analysis of the spontaneous variability of ventricular arrhythmias: consecutive ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings of ventricular tachycardia. Am J Cardiol 56 (1985) 67-72
    • (1985) Am J Cardiol , vol.56 , pp. 67-72
    • Pratt, C.M.1    Slymen, D.J.2    Wierman, A.M.3
  • 59
    • 0023705641 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous variability and circadian distribution of ectopic activity in patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmia
    • Raeder E.A., Hohnloser S.H., Graboys T.B., et al. Spontaneous variability and circadian distribution of ectopic activity in patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmia. J Am Coll Cardiol 12 (1988) 656-661
    • (1988) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.12 , pp. 656-661
    • Raeder, E.A.1    Hohnloser, S.H.2    Graboys, T.B.3
  • 60
    • 0022408823 scopus 로고
    • The changing base line of complex ventricular arrhythmias. A new consideration in assessing long-term antiarrhythmic drug therapy
    • Pratt C.M., Delclos G., Wierman A.M., et al. The changing base line of complex ventricular arrhythmias. A new consideration in assessing long-term antiarrhythmic drug therapy. N Engl J Med 313 (1985) 1444-1449
    • (1985) N Engl J Med , vol.313 , pp. 1444-1449
    • Pratt, C.M.1    Delclos, G.2    Wierman, A.M.3
  • 61
    • 0023198223 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous variability in the frequency of ventricular premature complexes over prolonged intervals and implications for antiarrhythmic treatment
    • Toivonen L. Spontaneous variability in the frequency of ventricular premature complexes over prolonged intervals and implications for antiarrhythmic treatment. Am J Cardiol 60 (1987) 608-612
    • (1987) Am J Cardiol , vol.60 , pp. 608-612
    • Toivonen, L.1
  • 65
    • 33747887172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ILSI-HESI cardiovascular subcommittee initiative: Evaluation of three non-clinical models of QT prolongation
    • Hanson L.A., Bass A.S., Gintant G., et al. ILSI-HESI cardiovascular subcommittee initiative: Evaluation of three non-clinical models of QT prolongation. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 54 (2006) 116-125
    • (2006) J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods , vol.54 , pp. 116-125
    • Hanson, L.A.1    Bass, A.S.2    Gintant, G.3
  • 66
    • 33645089223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • QT PRODACT: evaluation of the potential of compounds to cause QT interval prolongation by action potential assay using guinea-pig papillary muscles
    • Kii Y., Hayashi S., Tabo M., et al. QT PRODACT: evaluation of the potential of compounds to cause QT interval prolongation by action potential assay using guinea-pig papillary muscles. J. Pharmacol Sci 99 (2005) 449-457
    • (2005) J. Pharmacol Sci , vol.99 , pp. 449-457
    • Kii, Y.1    Hayashi, S.2    Tabo, M.3
  • 67
    • 33746294441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blinded validation of the isolated arterially perfused rabbit ventricular wedge in preclinical assessment of drug-induced proarrhythmias
    • Liu T., Brown B.S., Wu Y., et al. Blinded validation of the isolated arterially perfused rabbit ventricular wedge in preclinical assessment of drug-induced proarrhythmias. Heart Rhythm 3 (2006 Aug) 948-956
    • (2006) Heart Rhythm , vol.3 , pp. 948-956
    • Liu, T.1    Brown, B.S.2    Wu, Y.3
  • 68
    • 2542457330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of the predictive value of the Langendorff heart model (Screenit system) in assessing the proarrhythmic potential of drugs. J
    • Valentin J.P., Hoffman P., De Clert F., et al. Review of the predictive value of the Langendorff heart model (Screenit system) in assessing the proarrhythmic potential of drugs. J. Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 49 (2004) 171-181
    • (2004) Pharmacol Toxicol Methods , vol.49 , pp. 171-181
    • Valentin, J.P.1    Hoffman, P.2    De Clert, F.3
  • 69
    • 50049133717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relevance of in vitro SCREENIT results for drug-induced QT interval prolongation in vivo: a database review and analysis
    • Dumotier B.M., Deurinck M., Yang Y., et al. Relevance of in vitro SCREENIT results for drug-induced QT interval prolongation in vivo: a database review and analysis. Pharmacol Ther 119 (2008) 152-159
    • (2008) Pharmacol Ther , vol.119 , pp. 152-159
    • Dumotier, B.M.1    Deurinck, M.2    Yang, Y.3
  • 70
    • 50049111108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The canine model with chronic, complete atrioventricular block
    • Oros A., Beekham J.D., and Vos M.A. The canine model with chronic, complete atrioventricular block. Pharmacol Ther 119 (2008) 168-178
    • (2008) Pharmacol Ther , vol.119 , pp. 168-178
    • Oros, A.1    Beekham, J.D.2    Vos, M.A.3
  • 71
    • 0024321898 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary report: effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) Investigators
    • Preliminary report: effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) Investigators. NEJM 321 (1989) 406-412
    • (1989) NEJM , vol.321 , pp. 406-412


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.