The functional morphology of hooding in cobras

Journal of Experimental Biology

Volumn 213, Issue 9, 2010, Pages 1521-1528

  Young, Bruce A ^a   Kardong, Kenneth V ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS LOWELL   (United States)

^b WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Biomechanics; Kinematics; Snake

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; BODY POSTURE; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; HISTOLOGY; MUSCLE; PHYSIOLOGY; SNAKE;

ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; BIOMECHANICS; COBRA; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; MUSCLES; POSTURE;

ELAPIDAE; SERPENTES;

EID: 77951543376     PISSN: 00220949     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.034447     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Auffenberg, W. (1962). A Review of the trunk musculature in the limbless land vertebrates. Am. Zool. 2, 183-190.
2. Carpenter, C. C. and Ferguson, G. W. (1977). Variation and evolution of stereotyped behavior in reptiles. In Biology of the Reptilia, Vol.7 (eds C. Gans and D. W. Tinkle), pp. 335-554. New York: Academic Press.
3. Colin, M. J. and Tickle, C. (1999). Developmental basis of limblessness and axial patterning in snakes. Nature 399, 474-479. (Pubitemid 29258853)
4. FitzSimons, V. F. M. (1962). Snakes of Southern Africa. London: MacDonald.
5. Gans, C. and Taub, A. (1964). Precautions for keeping poisonous snakes in captivity. Curator 7, 196-205.
6. Gase, J.-P. (1981). Axial musculature. In Biology of the Reptilia, Vol.11 (eds C. Gans and T. S. Parsons), pp. 355-435. New York: Academic Press.
7. Greene, H. (1988). Antipredator mechanisms in reptiles. In Biology of the Reptilia, Vol.16 (eds C. Gans and R. B. Huey), pp. 1-152. New York: Alan R. Liss.
8. Hoffstetter, R. (1939). Contribution A L'Etude des Elapidae Actuels et Fossiles et de L'Osteologie des Ophidiens. Arch. Du Museum d'Historie Naturelle du Lyon. 15, 182.
9. Hoffstetter, R. and Gase, J.-P. (1969). Vertebrae and ribs of modern reptiles. In Biology of the Reptilia, Vol.1 (eds C. Gans, A. d'A. Bellairs and T. S. Parsons), pp. 201-310. New York: Academic Press.
10. Humason, G. L. (1979). Animal Tissue Techniques. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.
11. Kardong, K. V. (1980). Jaw musculature of the West Indian snake Alsophis cantherigerus brooksi (Colubridae, Reptilia). Breviora 463, 1-26.
12. Kardong, K. V. (2009). Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution. Boston: McGraw-Hill.
13. Kardong, K. V., Dullemeijer, P. and Fransen, J. A. M. (1986). Feeding mechanisms in rattlesnakes. Amphibia-Reptilia, 271-302.
14. Kramer, E. (1977). Die kopf und Rumpfmuskulatur von Vipera aspis (Linnaeus, 1758). Rev. Suisse Zool. 84, 767-790.
15. Luna, L. G. (1968). Manual of Histological Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology New York: McGraw-Hill.
16. Mosauer, W. (1935). The mycology off the trunk region of snakes and its significance for ophidian taxonomy and phytogeny. Publ. Univ. Cal. Los Angeles Biol. Sci. 1, 81120.
17. Myers, C. W. (1986). An enigmatic new snake from the Peruvian Andes, with notes on the Xenodontini (Colubridae: Xenodontinae). Am. Mus. Nov. 2853, 1-12.
18. Pregill, G. K. (1977). Axial mycology of the racer Coluber constrictor with emphasis on the neck region. Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 18, 185-206.
19. Romer, A. S. (1976). Osteology of the Reptiles. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
20. Rosenberg, H. I. (1973). Functional anatomy of pulmonary ventilation in the garter snake Thamnophis elegans. J. Morph. 140, 171-184.
21. Ruben, J. A. (1977). Some correlates of cranial and cervical morphology with predatory mode in snakes. J. Morph. 152, 89-100.
22. Russell, P. and Home, E. (1804). Remarks on the voluntary expansion of the skin of the neck in the Cobra de Capello or hooded snake of the East Indies. With a description of the structures of the parts which perform that office. Philos. Trans. R Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. 94, 346-352.
23. Socha, J. J. (2002). Gliding flight in the paradise tree snake. Nature 418, 603-604.
24. Wall, F. (1921). Ophidia Taprobonica or the Snakes of Ceylon. Ceylon: H. R. Cottle.
25. Young, B. A. and Morain, M. (2003). The mechanics of vertical burrowing in the Saharan sand vipers (Cerastes). Copela 2003, 132-138.
26. Young, B. A., Lalor, J. and Solomon, J. (1999). The comparative biomechanics of an ophidian defensive behavior: Head triangulation in hognose snake (Heterodorn ) and egg-eating snake (Dasypeltis). J. Zool. Lond. 248, 169-177.
27. Young, B. A., Nejman, N. and Jaggers, J. (2000). Snakes that inflate: The functional morphology of a defensive behavior. Zoology 103, 25-30. (Pubitemid 33223902)
28. Young, B. A., Dunlap, K., Koenig, K. and Singer, M. (2004). The buccal buckle: The functional morphology of venom spitting in cobras. J. Exp. Biol. 207, 3483-3494. (Pubitemid 39384803)