Text-bullying: Associations with traditional bullying and depression among New Zealand adolescents

Journal of School Violence

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 74-97

  Raskauskas, Juliana ^a  

^a CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Adolescent development; Bullying; Depression; Victimization

Indexed keywords

EID: 77951441297     PISSN: 15388220     EISSN: 15388239     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15388220903185605     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Adair, V. A., Dixon, R. S., Moore, D. W., & Sutherland, C. M. (2000). Ask your mother not to make yummy sandwiches: Bullying in New Zealand secondary schools. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 35, 207-221.
2. Andreou, E. (2001). Bully/victim problems and their association with coping behavior in conflictual peer interactions among school-age children. Educational Psychology, 21, 59-66.
3. Bradshaw, C. D., Sawyer, A. L., & O'Brennan, L. M. (2007). Bullying and peer victimization at school: Perceptual differences between students and school staff. School Psychology Review, 36, 361-382.
4. Bramwell, S., & Mussen, D. (2003, November 20). Boy text bullied to death. Star Times, pp. A1.
5. Campbell, M. A. (2005). Cyber bullying: An old problem in a new guise? Australian Journal of Guidance & Counseling, 15, 68-76.
6. Caravan: Opinion Research Corporation. (2006a). Cyber bully pre-teen. Report for Fight Crime: Invest in Kids. Retrieved May 15, 2009, from www.fightcrime.org/ cyberbullying/cyberbullyingpreteen.pdf
7. Caravan: Opinion Research Corporation. (2006b). Cyber bully teen. Report for Fight Crime: Invest in Kids. Retrieved May 15, 2009, from www.fightcrime.org/cyberbullying/cyberbullyingteen.pdf
8. Crick, N. R., & Grotpeter, J. K. (1995). Relational aggression, gender, and socialpsychological adjustment. Child Development, 66, 710-722.
9. Espelage, D. L., & Swearer, S. M. (2003). Research on school bullying and victimization: What have we learned and where do we go from here? School Psychology Review, 32, 365-383.
10. Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R. K., & Turner, H. A. (2007). Poly-victimization: A neglected component in child victimization. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31, 7-26.
11. Furlong, M. J., Chung, A., Bates, M., & Morrison, R. L. (1995). Who are the victims of school violence? A comparison of student non-victims and multi-victims. Education and Treatment of Children, 18, 283-298.
12. Grills, A. E., & Ollendick, T. H. (2002). Peer victimization, global self-worth, and anxiety in middle school. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 31, 59-68.
13. Hall, S. (2006, March 20). Alex's Story. 60 Minutes New Zealand. Retrieved June 10, 2006, from www.tv3.co.nz/60minutes
14. Hawker, D. S., & Boulton, M. J. (2000). Twenty years' research on peer victimization and psychosocial maladjustment: A meta-analytic review of cross-sectional studies. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, 441-455.
15. Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2007). Offline consequences of online victimization: School violence and delinquency. Journal of School Violence, 6, 89-112.
16. Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2009). Bullying beyond the schoolyard: Preventing and responding to cyberbullying. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
17. Holt, M. K., Finkelhor, D., & Kantor, G. K. (2007a). Hidden forms of victimization in elementary students involved in bullying. School Psychology Review, 36, 345-360.
18. Holt, M. K., Finkelhor, D., & Kantor, G. K. (2007b). Multiple victimization experiences of urban elementary school students: Associations with psychosocial functioning and academic performance. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31, 503-515.
19. Internet Safety Group. (2005). The text generation: Mobile phones and New Zealand youth. Auckland, New Zealand: Author.
20. Kingsbury, W., & Espelage, D. L. (in press). Self-blaming attributions as mediators between victimization and psychological outcomes during early adolescence. European Journal of Educational Psychology.
21. Kochenderfer-Ladd, B., & Skinner, K. (2002). Children's coping strategies: Moderators of the effects of peer victimization? Developmental Psychology, 38, 267-278.
22. Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2007). Electronic bullying among middle school students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, S22-S30.
23. Ladd, G. W., & Kochenderfer, B. J. (1996). Peer victimization: Cause or consequence of school maladjustment. Child Development, 67, 1293-1305.
24. Lenhart, A., Madden, M., & Hitlin, P. (2005). Teens and technology: Youth are leading the transition to a fully wired and mobile nation. Pew Internet & American Life Project Report. Retrieved May 14, 2009, from www.pewinternet.org
25. Lenhart, A., Madden, M., Rankin, M. A., & Smith, A. (2007). Teens and social media. Pew Internet & American Life Project Report. Retrieved May 14, 2009, from www.pewinternet.org
26. Li, Q. (2006). Cyberbullying in schools: A research of gender differences. School Psychology International, 27, 157-170.
27. Li, Q. (2007). New bottle but old wine: A research of cyberbullying in schools. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 1777-1791.
28. Nansel, T. R., Overpeck, M., Pilla, R. S., Ruan, W. J., Simons-Morton, B., & Scheidt, P. (2001). Bullying behaviors among US youth: Prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment. JAMA, 285, 2094-2100.
29. National Children's Home. (2002). NCH National Survey 2002: Bullying. Retrieved September 20, 2005, from www.nch.org.uk
30. National Children's Home. (2005). Putting U in the picture: Mobile bullying survey 2005. Retrieved September 20, 2005, from www.nch.org.uk
31. Noret, N., & Rivers, I. (2006). The prevalence of bullying by text-messages or e-mail: Results of a four-year study. Poster presented at British Psychological Society Annual Conference, Cardiff, UK.
32. Oakley Browne, M. E., Wells, J. E., & Scott, K. M. (Eds.). (2006). Te Rav Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey. Wellington: Ministry of Health.
33. O'Moore, M., & Kirkham, C. (2001). Self-esteem and its relationship to bullying behavior. Aggressive Behavior, 27, 269-283.
34. Olweus, D. (2001). Peer harassment: A critical analysis and some important issues. In J. Juvonen & S. Graham (Eds.), Peer harassment in school: The plight of the vulnerable and victimized (pp. 3-20). New York: Guilford.
35. Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385-401.
36. Radloff, L. S. (1991). The use of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in adolescents and young adults. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 20, 149-165.
37. Raskauskas, J., Carroll-Lind, J., & Kearney, A. (2005). Text-bullying: Is it related to relational or verbal aggression? SET: Research Information for Teachers, 3, 7-10.
38. Raskauskas, J., & Stoltz, A. (2007). Involvement in traditional and electronic bullying among adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 43, 564-575.
39. Rutter, M. (1987). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57, 316-331.
40. Rys, G. S., & Bear, G. G. (1997). Relational aggression and peer relations: Gender and developmental issues. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 43, 87-106.
41. Salmivalli, C., Karhunen, J., & Lagerspetz, K. M. J. (1996). How do the victims respond to bullying? Aggressive Behavior, 22, 99-109.
42. Scheithauer, H., Hayer, T., Petermann, F., & Jugert, G. (2006). Physical, verbal, and relational forms of bullying among German students: Age trends, gender differences, and correlates. Aggressive Behavior, 32, 261-275.
43. Slonje, R., & Smith, P. K. (2008). Cyberbullying: Another main type of bullying? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49, 147-152.
44. Smith, P. K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 376-385.
45. Smith, P. K., Shu, S., & Madsen, K. (2001). Characteristics of victims of school bullying: Developmental changes in coping strategies and skills. In J. Juvonen & S. Graham (Eds.), Peer harassment in school: The plight of the vulnerable and victimized (pp. 332-351). New York: Guilford.
46. Swearer, S. M., Grills, A. E., Haye, K. M., & Cary, P. T. (2004). Internalizing problems in students involved in bullying and victimization: Implications for intervention. In D. L. Espelage & S. M. Swearer (Eds.), Bullying in American schools: A social-ecological perspective on prevention and intervention (pp. 63-84). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
47. Underwood, M. K. (2002). Sticks and stones and social exclusion: Aggression among girls and boys. In P. K. Smith & C. H. Hart (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of childhood social development (pp. 533-548). Oxford, England, UK: Blackwell.
48. Weissman, M. M., Bland, R. C., Canino, G. J., Hwu, H. G., Furavelli, C., Greenwald, S. et al. (1996). Cross-national epidemiology of depression and bipolar disorder. Journal of the American Medical Association, 276, 293-299.
49. Wilcox, H., Field, T., Prodromidis, M., & Scafidi, F. (1998). Correlations between BDI and CES-D in a sample of adolescent mothers. Adolescence, 22, 565-575.
50. Wolak, J., Mitchell, K. J., & Finkelhor, D. (2007). Does online harassment constitute bullying? An exploration of online harassment by known peers and onlineonly contacts. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, S51-S58.
51. Wolke, D., Woods, S., Bloomfield, L., & Karstadt, L. (2000). The association between direct and relational bullying and behavior problems among primary school children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, 989-1002.
52. Ybarra, M. L., Diener-West, M., & Leaf, P. J. (2007). Examining the overlap in Internet harassment and school bullying: Implications for school intervention. Journal of Adolescents Health, 41, S42-S50.
53. Ybarra, M. L., & Mitchell, K. J. (2004). Youth engaging in on-line harassment: Associations with caregiver-child relationships, internet use, and personal characteristics. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 319-336.
54. Ybarra, M. L., Mitchell, K. J., Wolak, J., & Finkelhor, D. (2006). Examining characteristics and associated distress related to internet harassment: Findings from the second youth Internet safety survey, Pediatrics, 118, 1169-1177.