Defining consciousness: Lessons from patients and modern techniques

Journal of Neurotrauma

Volumn 27, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 771-773

  Sarà, Marco ^a   Pistoia, Francesca ^a,b  

^a Istituto San Raffaele   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF L'AQUILA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMANTADINE; BACLOFEN; ZOLPIDEM;

ALERTNESS; AROUSAL; ARTICLE; AUDITORY CORTEX; AUDITORY STIMULATION; BRAIN FUNCTION; BRAIN SURGERY; BRAIN TUMOR; COMA; COMATOSE PATIENT; CONSCIOUSNESS; CONSCIOUSNESS DISORDER; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG MECHANISM; EPILEPSY; FRONTAL LOBE; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HUMAN; LOCKED IN SYNDROME; MINIMALLY CONSCIOUS STATE; NERVE CELL NETWORK; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; PATIENT ASSESSMENT; PEER REVIEW; PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PROGNOSIS; RATING SCALE; RELIABILITY; SURVIVAL RATE; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; TREATMENT RESPONSE; UNCONSCIOUSNESS;

BRAIN; CONSCIOUSNESS; CONSCIOUSNESS DISORDERS; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; HUMANS; NERVE NET; PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE; PROGNOSIS; PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY;

EID: 77951266882     PISSN: 08977151     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/neu.2008.0804     Document Type: Article

References (16)

1. Clauss, R.P., Güldenpfennig, W.M., Nel, H.W., Sathekge, M.M., and Venkannagari, R.R. (2000). Extraordinary arousal from semi-comatose state on zolpidem. A case report. South Afr. Med. J. 90, 68-72.
2. Damasio, A. (1994). Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain. Putnam's Sons Publishing: New York, 1994.
3. Di. H.B., Yu, S.M., Weng, X.C., Laureys, S., Yu, D., Li, J.Q., Qin, P.M., Zhu, Y.H., Zhang, S.Z., and Chen, Y.Z. (2007). Cerebral response to patient's own name in the vegetative and minimally conscious states. Neurology 68, 895-899. (Pubitemid 46568500)
4. García-Molina, A. (2008). A historical view of behavioural alterations due to lesions in the prefrontal cortex: from Phineas Gage to Luria. Rev. Neurol. 46, 175-181. (Pubitemid 351397744)
5. Gütling, E., Isenmann, S., and Wichmann, W. (1996). Electrophysiology in the locked-in-syndrome. Neurology 46, 1092-1101. (Pubitemid 26134659)
6. Jacome, D.E., and Morilla-Pastor, D. (1990). Unreactive EEG: pattern in locked-in syndrome. Clin. Electroencephalogr. 21, 31-36. (Pubitemid 20035399)
7. Laureys, S. (2005). The neural correlate of (un)awareness: lessons from the vegetative state. Trends Cogn. Sci. 9, 556-559. (Pubitemid 41677486)
8. Owen, A.M., Coleman, M.R., Boly, M., Davis, M.H., Laureys, S., and Pickard, J.D. (2007). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging to detect covert awareness in the vegetative state. Arch. Neurol. 64, 1098-1102. (Pubitemid 47258067)
9. Pistoia, F., Sacco, S., Palmirotta, R., Onorati, P., Carolei, A., and Sarà, M. (2008). Mismatch of neurophysiological findings in partial recovery of consciousness: a case report. Brain Inj. 22, 633-637. (Pubitemid 351877858)
10. Sarà, M., Pistoia, F., Mura, E., Onorati, P., and Govoni, S. (2009). Intrathecal baclofen in patients with persistent vegetative state: two hypotheses. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 90, 1245-1249.
11. Sarà, M., Sacco, S., Cipolla, F., Onorati, P., Scoppetta, C., Albertini, G., and Carolei, A. (2007). An unexpected recovery from permanent vegetative state. Brain Inj. 21, 101-103. (Pubitemid 46957679)
12. Schiff, N.D., Rodriguez-Moreno, D., Kamal, A., Kim, K.H., Giacino, J.T., Plum, F., and Hirsch, J. (2005). fMRI reveals large-scale network activation in minimally conscious patients. Neurology 64, 514-523. (Pubitemid 40189872)
13. Schnakers, C., Hustinx, R., Vandewalle, G., Majerus, S., Moonen, G., Boly, M., Vanhaudenhuyse, A., and Laureys, S. (2008). Measuring the effect of amantadine in chronic anoxic minimally conscious state. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 79, 225-227. (Pubitemid 351236567)
14. Shames, J.L., and Ring, H. (2008). Transient reversal of anoxic brain injury-related minimally conscious state after zolpidem administration: a case report. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 89, 386-388.
15. Singh, R., McDonald, C., Dawson, K., Lewis, S., Pringle, A.M., Smith, S., and Pentland, B. (2008). Zolpidem in a minimally conscious state. Brain Inj. 22, 103-106.
16. Taira, T., and Hori, T. (2007). Intrathecal baclofen in the treatment of post-stroke central pain, dystonia, and persistent vegetative state. Acta Neurochir. Suppl. 97, 227-229.