메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 342-351

Personal exposure of traffic police officers to particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and benzene in the city of Milan, Italy

Author keywords

Benzene; Carbon monoxide; Particulate matter; Personal exposure; Police officers

Indexed keywords

BENZENE; BENZENE DERIVATIVE; CARBON MONOXIDE; ETHYLBENZENE; TOLUENE;

EID: 77951220202     PISSN: 15459624     EISSN: 15459632     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15459621003729966     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (36)

References (51)
  • 1
    • 0343973533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diesel fuel and exhaust emissions
    • World Health Organization (WHO): Geneva: WHO
    • World Health Organization (WHO): Diesel fuel and exhaust emissions. In Environmental Health Criteria, Vol.171. Geneva: WHO, 1996.
    • (1996) Environmental Health Criteria , vol.171
  • 2
    • 7444262092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speciation and origin of PM10 and PM2.5in selected European cities
    • Querol, X., A. Alastuey, C.R. Ruiz, et al.: Speciation and origin of PM10 and PM2.5in selected European cities. Atmos. Environ. 38:6547-6555 (2004).
    • (2004) Atmos. Environ. , vol.38 , pp. 6547-6555
    • Querol, X.1    Alastuey, A.2    Ruiz, C.R.3
  • 3
    • 0005476089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human exposure to carbon monoxide from mobile sources
    • Flachsbart, P.G.: Human exposure to carbon monoxide from mobile sources. Chemosphere 1:301-329 (1999).
    • (1999) Chemosphere , vol.1 , pp. 301-329
    • Flachsbart, P.G.1
  • 4
    • 0028305525 scopus 로고
    • Concentration of air pollutants inside cars driving on highways and in downtown areas
    • Rudolf, W.: Concentration of air pollutants inside cars driving on highways and in downtown areas. Sci. Total Environ. 146/147:433-445 (1994).
    • (1994) Sci. Total Environ , vol.146-147 , pp. 433-445
    • Rudolf, W.1
  • 5
    • 0034745597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to benzene in urban workers: Environmental and biological monitoring of traffic police in Rome
    • Crebelli, R., F. Tomei, A. Zijno, et al.: Exposure to benzene in urban workers: Environmental and biological monitoring of traffic police in Rome. Occup. Environ. Med. 58:165-171 (2001).
    • (2001) Occup. Environ. Med. , vol.58 , pp. 165-171
    • Crebelli, R.1    Tomei, F.2    Zijno, A.3
  • 6
    • 0030870085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traffic as a source of volatile hydrocarbons in ambient air
    • Guicherit, R.: Traffic as a source of volatile hydrocarbons in ambient air. Sci. Total Environ. 205:201-213 (1997).
    • (1997) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.205 , pp. 201-213
    • Guicherit, R.1
  • 9
    • 0034596496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public-health impact of outdoor and traffic-related air pollution: A European assessment
    • Künzli, N., R. Kaiser, S.Medina, et al.: Public-health impact of outdoor and traffic-related air pollution: A European assessment. Lancet 356:795-801 (2000).
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , pp. 795-801
    • Künzli, N.1    Kaiser, R.2    Medina, S.3
  • 11
    • 0031044335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between ambient carbon monoxide levels and hospitalizations for congestive heart failure in the elderly in 10 Canadian cities
    • Burnett, R.T., R.E. Dales, J.R. Brook, M.E. Raizenne, and D. Krewski: Association between ambient carbon monoxide levels and hospitalizations for congestive heart failure in the elderly in 10 Canadian cities. Epidemiology 8:162-167 (1997).
    • (1997) Epidemiology , vol.8 , pp. 162-167
    • Burnett, R.T.1    Dales, R.E.2    Brook, J.R.3    Raizenne, M.E.4    Krewski, D.5
  • 12
    • 0032142964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between ambient carbon monoxide levels and daily mortality in Toronto, Canada
    • Burnett, R.T., S. Cakmak, M.E. Raizenne, et al.: The association between ambient carbon monoxide levels and daily mortality in Toronto, Canada. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 48:689-700 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. , vol.48 , pp. 689-700
    • Burnett, R.T.1    Cakmak, S.2    Raizenne, M.E.3
  • 13
    • 0032500789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular disease hospitalization and ambient levels of carbon monoxide
    • Yang, W., B.L. Jennison, and S.T. Omaye: Cardiovascular disease hospitalization and ambient levels of carbon monoxide. J. Toxicol. Environ Health A 55:185-196 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Toxicol. Environ Health A , vol.55 , pp. 185-196
    • Yang, W.1    Jennison, B.L.2    Omaye, S.T.3
  • 14
    • 23644443880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low level carbon monoxide and mortality of persons aged 65 or older in Tokyo Japan, 1976-1990
    • Honda, Y., H. Nitta, and M. Ono: Low level carbon monoxide and mortality of persons aged 65 or older in Tokyo, Japan, 1976-1990. J. Health Sci. 49:454-458 (2003).
    • (2003) J Health Sci. , vol.49 , pp. 454-458
    • Honda, Y.1    Nitta, H.2    Ono, M.3
  • 15
    • 0347086147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular mortality and long-term exposure to particulate air pollution: Epidemiological evidence of general pathophysiological pathways of disease
    • Pope, C.A. III, R.T.Burnett, G.D. Thurston, et al.: Cardiovascular mortality and long-term exposure to particulate air pollution: Epidemiological evidence of general pathophysiological pathways of disease. Circulation 109:71-77 (2004).
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 71-77
    • Pope III, C.A.1    Burnett, R.T.2    Thurston, G.D.3
  • 16
    • 0037029043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution
    • Pope, C.A. III, R.T. Burnett, M.J. Thun, et al.: Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. JAMA 287:1132-1141 (2002).
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.287 , pp. 1132-1141
    • Pope III, C.A.1    Burnett, R.T.2    Thun, M.J.3
  • 17
    • 33644807437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases
    • Dominici, F., R.D. Peng, M.L. Bell, et al.: Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. JAMA 295:1127-1134 (2006).
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.295 , pp. 1127-1134
    • Dominici, F.1    Peng, R.D.2    Bell, M.L.3
  • 19
    • 21344438133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of the Italian studies on short term effects of air pollution (MISA) 1990-1999
    • Biggeri, A., M. Baccini, P. Bellini, and B. Terracini: Meta-analysis of the Italian studies on short term effects of air pollution (MISA) 1990-1999. Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health 11:107-122 (2005).
    • (2005) Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health , vol.11 , pp. 107-122
    • Biggeri, A.1    Baccini, M.2    Bellini, P.3    Terracini, B.4
  • 23
    • 77951241541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dispersion of carbon monoxide in some streets of Milan city
    • (In Italian)
    • Angelino, C., R. Gualdi, and G. Manini: Dispersion of carbon monoxide in some streets of Milan city. IA Ingegneria Ambientale 25:597-602 (1996). (In Italian)
    • (1996) IA Ingegneria Ambientale , vol.25 , pp. 597-602
    • Angelino, C.1    Gualdi, R.2    Manini, G.3
  • 24
    • 23044498550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traffic-related occupational exposures to PM2.5, CO, and VOCs in Trujillo, Peru
    • Han, X., M. Aguilar-Villalobos, J. Allen, et al.: Traffic-related occupational exposures to PM2.5, CO, and VOCs in Trujillo, Peru. Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health 11:276-288 (2005).
    • (2005) Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health , vol.11 , pp. 276-288
    • Han, X.1    Aguilar-Villalobos, M.2    Allen, J.3
  • 25
    • 0028789879 scopus 로고
    • Individual exposure to particulate air pollution and its relevance to thresholds for health effect: A study of traffic wardens
    • Watt, M., D. Godden, J. Cherrie, and A. Seaton: Individual exposure to particulate air pollution and its relevance to thresholds for health effect: A study of traffic wardens. Occup. Environ. Med. 52:790-792 (1995).
    • (1995) Occup. Environ. Med. , vol.52 , pp. 790-792
    • Watt, M.1    Godden, D.2    Cherrie, J.3    Seaton, A.4
  • 26
    • 0025270975 scopus 로고
    • The personal, indoor and outdoor concentrations of PM10 measured in an industrial community during the winter
    • Lioy, P.J., J.M. Waldman, T. Buckley, J. Butler, and C. Pietarinen: The personal, indoor and outdoor concentrations of PM10 measured in an industrial community during the winter. Atmos. Environ. 24:57-66 (1990).
    • (1990) Atmos. Environ. , vol.24 , pp. 57-66
    • Lioy, P.J.1    Waldman, J.M.2    Buckley, T.3    Butler, J.4    Pietarinen, C.5
  • 27
    • 0032190705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personal exposures to carbon monoxide in the city of Athens: I. Commuters' exposures
    • Vellopoulou, A.V., and M.R. Ashmore: Personal exposures to carbon monoxide in the city of Athens: I. Commuters' exposures. Environ Int. 24:713-720 (1998).
    • (1998) Environ Int. , vol.24 , pp. 713-720
    • Vellopoulou, A.V.1    Ashmore, M.R.2
  • 28
    • 0028852068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure of city residents to carbon monoxide and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during commuting trips in the Paris metropolitan area
    • Dor, F., Y. LeMoullec, and B. Festy: Exposure of city residents to carbon monoxide and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during commuting trips in the Paris metropolitan area. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 45:103-110 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. , vol.45 , pp. 103-110
    • Dor, F.1    Lemoullec, Y.2    Festy, B.3
  • 29
    • 0020314204 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of carbon monoxide concentrations in indoor and outdoor locations using personal exposuremonitors
    • Ott, W., and P. Flachsbart: Measurement of carbon monoxide concentrations in indoor and outdoor locations using personal exposuremonitors. Environ. Int. 8:295-304 (1982).
    • (1982) Environ. Int. , vol.8 , pp. 295-304
    • Ott, W.1    Flachsbart, P.2
  • 30
    • 0029807620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban air pollutant exposure among traffic policemen
    • Priante, E., I. Schiavon, G. Boschi, et al. Urban air pollutant exposure among traffic policemen. Med. Lav. 87:314-322 (1996).
    • (1996) Med. Lav. , vol.87 , pp. 314-322
    • Priante, E.1    Schiavon, I.2    Boschi, G.3
  • 31
    • 0035953085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to volatile organic compounds for individuals with occupations associated with potential exposure to motor vehicle exhaust and/or gasoline vapor emissions
    • Jo, W.K., and K.B. Song: Exposure to volatile organic compounds for individuals with occupations associated with potential exposure to motor vehicle exhaust and/or gasoline vapor emissions. Sci. Total Environ. 269:25-37 (2001).
    • (2001) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.269 , pp. 25-37
    • Jo, W.K.1    Song, K.B.2
  • 32
    • 0037470992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambient air levels and occupational exposure to benzene, toluene, and xylenes in northwestern Italy
    • Bono, R., E. Scursatone,T. Schilir̀o, andG.Gilli: Ambient air levels and occupational exposure to benzene, toluene, and xylenes in northwestern Italy. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 66:519-531 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , vol.66 , pp. 519-531
    • Bono, R.1    Scursatone, E.2    Schilir̀o, T.3    Gilli, G.4
  • 33
    • 18144362089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of environmental benzene: Micronucleus frequencies and haematological values in traffic police working in an urban area
    • Maffei, F., S. Angelini, F. Carbone, et al.: Effects of environmental benzene: Micronucleus frequencies and haematological values in traffic police working in an urban area. Mutat. Res. 583:1-11 (2005).
    • (2005) Mutat. Res. , vol.583 , pp. 1-11
    • Maffei, F.1    Angelini, S.2    Carbone, F.3
  • 34
    • 0031238991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary evaluation, using passive tubes, of carbon monoxide concentrations in outdoor and indoor air at street levels shops in Genoa (Italy)
    • Valerio, F., M. Pala, A. Lazzarotto, and D. Balducci: Preliminary evaluation, using passive tubes, of carbon monoxide concentrations in outdoor and indoor air at street levels shops in Genoa (Italy). Atmos. Environ. 31:2871-2876 (1997).
    • (1997) Atmos. Environ. , vol.31 , pp. 2871-2876
    • Valerio, F.1    Pala, M.2    Lazzarotto, A.3    Balducci, D.4
  • 35
    • 0033627378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban CO exposure and its health effects on traffic policemen in Ankara
    • Atimtay, A.T., S. Emri, T. Bagci, and A.U. Demir: Urban CO exposure and its health effects on traffic policemen in Ankara. Environ. Res. 82:222-230 (2000).
    • (2000) Environ. Res. , vol.82 , pp. 222-230
    • Atimtay, A.T.1    Emri, S.2    Bagci, T.3    Demir, A.U.4
  • 36
    • 0036150337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personal carbon monoxide exposure in five European cities and its determinants
    • Georgoulis, L.B., O. Hanninen, E. Samoli, et al.: Personal carbon monoxide exposure in five European cities and its determinants. Atmos. Environ. 36:963-974 (2002).
    • (2002) Atmos. Environ. , vol.36 , pp. 963-974
    • Georgoulis, L.B.1    Hanninen, O.2    Samoli, E.3
  • 37
    • 1942451872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of working population exposures to carbon monoxide using EXPOLISMilan microenvironment concentration and time-activity data
    • Bruinen de Bruin, Y., O. Haenninen, P. Carrer, et al.: Simulation of working population exposures to carbon monoxide using EXPOLISMilan microenvironment concentration and time-activity data. J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. 14:154-163 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. , vol.14 , pp. 154-163
    • Bruinen De Bruin, Y.1    Haenninen, O.2    Carrer, P.3
  • 38
    • 4344602261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personal carbon monoxide exposure levels: Contribution of local sources to exposures and microenvironment concentrations in Milan
    • Bruinen De Bruin, Y., P. Carrer, M. Jantunen, et al.: Personal carbon monoxide exposure levels: Contribution of local sources to exposures and microenvironment concentrations in Milan. J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. 14:312-322 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. , vol.14 , pp. 312-322
    • Bruinen De Bruin, Y.1    Carrer, P.2    Jantunen, M.3
  • 39
    • 20444449155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personal exposure of street canyon intersection users to PM2.5, ultrafine particle counts and carbon monoxide in Central London, UK
    • Kaur, S., M. Nieuwenhuijsen, and R. Colvile: Personal exposure of street canyon intersection users to PM2.5, ultrafine particle counts and carbon monoxide in Central London, UK. Atmos Environ. 39:3629-3641 (2005).
    • (2005) Atmos Environ. , vol.39 , pp. 3629-3641
    • Kaur, S.1    Nieuwenhuijsen, M.2    Colvile, R.3
  • 40
    • 0000004140 scopus 로고
    • Measurement in medicine: The analysis of method comparison studies
    • Altman, D.G., and J.M. Bland: Measurement in medicine: The analysis of method comparison studies. Statistician 32:307-317 (1983).
    • (1983) Statistician , vol.32 , pp. 307-317
    • Altman, D.G.1    Bland, J.M.2
  • 41
    • 84908219488 scopus 로고
    • Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement
    • Bland, J.M., and D.G. Altman: Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet 8:307-310 (1986).
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.8 , pp. 307-310
    • Bland, J.M.1    Altman, D.G.2
  • 42
    • 36248972597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing mobile source particulate matter emissions-to- exposure relationships in the Boston urban area
    • Greco, S.L., A.M.Wilson, S.R. Hanna, and J.I. Levy: Factors influencing mobile source particulate matter emissions-to-exposure relationships in the Boston urban area. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41:7675-7682 (2007).
    • (2007) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.41 , pp. 7675-7682
    • Greco, S.L.1    Wilson, A.M.2    Hanna, S.R.3    Levy, J.I.4
  • 44
    • 33846379154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomonitoring of exposure to urban air pollutants: Analysis of sister chromatid exchanges and DNA lesions in peripheral lymphocytes of traffic policemen
    • Carere, A., C. Andreoli, R. Galati, et al.: Biomonitoring of exposure to urban air pollutants: Analysis of sister chromatid exchanges and DNA lesions in peripheral lymphocytes of traffic policemen. Mutat. Res. 518:215-224 (2002).
    • (2002) Mutat. Res. , vol.518 , pp. 215-224
    • Carere, A.1    Andreoli, C.2    Galati, R.3
  • 45
    • 0037951755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterising seasonal variations and spatial distribution of ambient PM10 and PM2.5concentrations based on long-term Swiss monitoring data
    • Gehrig, R., and B. Buchmann: Characterising seasonal variations and spatial distribution of ambient PM10 and PM2.5concentrations based on long-term Swiss monitoring data. Atmos. Environ. 37:2571-2580 (2003).
    • (2003) Atmos. Environ. , vol.37 , pp. 2571-2580
    • Gehrig, R.1    Buchmann, B.2
  • 48
    • 33746024693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban atmospheric pollution: Personal exposure versus fixed monitoring station measurements
    • Violante, F.S., A. Barbieri, S. Curti, G. Sanguinetti, F. Graziosi, and S. Mattioli: Urban atmospheric pollution: Personal exposure versus fixed monitoring station measurements. Chemosphere 64:1722-1729 (2006).
    • (2006) Chemosphere , vol.64 , pp. 1722-1729
    • Violante, F.S.1    Barbieri, A.2    Curti, S.3    Sanguinetti, G.4    Graziosi, F.5    Mattioli, S.6
  • 49
    • 0034214904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hourly personal exposures to fine particles and gaseous pollutants-Results from Baltimore, Maryland
    • Chang, L.T., P. Koutrakis, P.J. Catalano, and H.H. Suh: Hourly personal exposures to fine particles and gaseous pollutants-Results from Baltimore, Maryland. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 50:1223-1235 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. , vol.50 , pp. 1223-1235
    • Chang, L.T.1    Koutrakis, P.2    Catalano, P.J.3    Suh, H.H.4
  • 50
    • 33646476704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between personal exposures and fixed-site ambient measurements of fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide in Toronto, Canada
    • Kim, D., A. Sass-Kortsak, J.T. Purdham, R.E. Dales, and J.R. Brook: Associations between personal exposures and fixed-site ambient measurements of fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide in Toronto, Canada. J. Exp. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 16:172-183 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Exp. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. , vol.16 , pp. 172-183
    • Kim, D.1    Sass-Kortsak, A.2    Purdham, J.T.3    Dales, R.E.4    Brook, J.R.5
  • 51


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.