메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 41-53

Preventing and managing exacerbations in COPD - Critical appraisal of the role of tiotropium

Author keywords

Cardiovascular safety; COPD; Exacerbations; Hospitalization; Tiotropium

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; BRONCHODILATING AGENT; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CORTICOSTEROID; FENOTEROL; FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE PLUS SALMETEROL; FORMOTEROL; IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE; LONG ACTING DRUG; PLACEBO; PREDNISOLONE; SALBUTAMOL; SALMETEROL; SHORT ACTING DRUG; TIOTROPIUM BROMIDE;

EID: 77951180205     PISSN: 11769106     EISSN: 11782005     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2147/copd.s9443     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (11)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 0034064973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a consensus definition of COPD exacerbations
    • Rodriguez-Roisin R. Toward a consensus definition of COPD exacerbations. Chest. 2000;117:398S-401S.
    • (2000) Chest , vol.117
    • Rodriguez-Roisin, R.1
  • 2
    • 0023164742 scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic therapy in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Anthonisen NR, Manfreda J, Warren CP, et al. Antibiotic therapy in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:196-204.
    • (1987) Ann Intern Med , vol.106 , pp. 196-204
    • Anthonisen, N.R.1    Manfreda, J.2    Warren, C.P.3
  • 3
    • 30444452071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung mechanics and dyspnea during exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Stevenson NJ, Walker PP, Costello RW, et al. Lung mechanics and dyspnea during exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;172:1510-1516.
    • (2005) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.172 , pp. 1510-1516
    • Stevenson, N.J.1    Walker, P.P.2    Costello, R.W.3
  • 4
    • 0037677450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time course of recovery of health status following an infective exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
    • GLOBE study group
    • Spencer S, Jones PW; GLOBE study group. Time course of recovery of health status following an infective exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Thorax. 2003;58:589-593.
    • (2003) Thorax , vol.58 , pp. 589-593
    • Spencer, S.1    Jones, P.W.2
  • 5
    • 0032749946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etiology and management of infections in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Sethi S. Etiology and management of infections in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Pulm Med. 1999;6:327-332.
    • (1999) Clin Pulm Med , vol.6 , pp. 327-332
    • Sethi, S.1
  • 6
    • 0037103420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New strains of bacteria and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Sethi S, Evans N, Grant BJB, et al. New strains of bacteria and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:465-471.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.347 , pp. 465-471
    • Sethi, S.1    Evans, N.2    Grant, B.J.B.3
  • 7
    • 17244382260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airway inflammation during stable and acutely exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Fujimoto K, Yasuo M, Urushibata K, et al. Airway inflammation during stable and acutely exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J. 2005;25:640-646.
    • (2005) Eur Respir J , vol.25 , pp. 640-646
    • Fujimoto, K.1    Yasuo, M.2    Urushibata, K.3
  • 8
    • 33847711510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammaatory changes, recovery and recurrence at COPD exacerbations
    • Perera WR, Hurst JR, Wilkinson TMA, et al. Inflammaatory changes, recovery and recurrence at COPD exacerbations. Eur Respir J. 2007;29:527-534.
    • (2007) Eur Respir J , vol.29 , pp. 527-534
    • Perera, W.R.1    Hurst, J.R.2    Wilkinson, T.M.A.3
  • 9
    • 0037764092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • COPD exacerbations: Definitions and classifications
    • Burge S, Wedzicha JA. COPD exacerbations: definitions and classifications. Eur Respir J. 2003;21(Suppl 4):46S-53S.
    • (2003) Eur Respir J , vol.21 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Burge, S.1    Wedzicha, J.A.2
  • 10
    • 0032992798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its exacerbations in general practice
    • Miravitlles M, Mayordomo C, Artes M, et al. Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its exacerbations in general practice. Respir Med. 1999;93:173-179.
    • (1999) Respir Med , vol.93 , pp. 173-179
    • Miravitlles, M.1    Mayordomo, C.2    Artes, M.3
  • 11
    • 70349547108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of tiotropium on outcomes in GOLD stage II COPD: Subgroup analysis from the UPLIFT (Understanding Potential Long-term Impacts on Function with Tiotropium) Study
    • Decramer M, Celli B, Kesten S, et al. Effects of tiotropium on outcomes in GOLD stage II COPD: Subgroup analysis from the UPLIFT (Understanding Potential Long-term Impacts on Function with Tiotropium) Study. Lancet. 2009;374:1171-1178.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.374 , pp. 1171-1178
    • Decramer, M.1    Celli, B.2    Kesten, S.3
  • 12
    • 33751325576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining COPD exacerbations: Impact on estimation of incidence and burden in primary care
    • O'Reilly JF, Williams AE, Holt K, et al. Defining COPD exacerbations: impact on estimation of incidence and burden in primary care. Prim Care Respir J. 2006;15:346-353.
    • (2006) Prim Care Respir J , vol.15 , pp. 346-353
    • O'Reilly, J.F.1    Williams, A.E.2    Holt, K.3
  • 13
    • 32644435902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • COPD exacerbations: 1: Epidemiology
    • Donaldson GC, Wedzicha JA. COPD exacerbations: 1: Epidemiology. Thorax. 2006;61:164-168.
    • (2006) Thorax , vol.61 , pp. 164-168
    • Donaldson, G.C.1    Wedzicha, J.A.2
  • 14
    • 33747812892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitchell lecture: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, phenotypes and their clinical relevance
    • Celli B. Roger S. Mitchell lecture: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, phenotypes and their clinical relevance. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2006;3:461-465.
    • (2006) Proc Am Thorac Soc , vol.3 , pp. 461-465
    • Celli, B.1    Roger, S.2
  • 15
    • 0031746535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of exacerbations on quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Seemungal TA, Donaldson GC, Paul EA, et al. Effect of exacerbations on quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;157:1418-1422.
    • (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.157 , pp. 1418-1422
    • Seemungal, T.A.1    Donaldson, G.C.2    Paul, E.A.3
  • 16
    • 2442552129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of preventing exacerbations on deterioration of health status in COPD
    • Spencer S, Calverley PM, Burge PS, et al. Impact of preventing exacerbations on deterioration of health status in COPD. Eur Respir J. 2004;23:698-702.
    • (2004) Eur Respir J , vol.23 , pp. 698-702
    • Spencer, S.1    Calverley, P.M.2    Burge, P.S.3
  • 17
    • 0035446990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic hyperinflation and exercise intolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • O'Donnell DE, Revill SM, Web KA. Dynamic hyperinflation and exercise intolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;164:770-777.
    • (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.164 , pp. 770-777
    • O'Donnell, D.E.1    Revill, S.M.2    Web, K.A.3
  • 18
    • 24644518890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological changes during symptom recovery from moderate exacerbations of COPD
    • Parker CM, Voduc N, Aaron SD, et al. Physiological changes during symptom recovery from moderate exacerbations of COPD. Eur Respir J. 2005;26:420-428.
    • (2005) Eur Respir J , vol.26 , pp. 420-428
    • Parker, C.M.1    Voduc, N.2    Aaron, S.D.3
  • 19
    • 2542603339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of tiotropium on lung hyperinflation, dyspnoea and exercise tolerance in COPD
    • O'Donnell DE, Fluge T, Gerken F, et al. Effects of tiotropium on lung hyperinflation, dyspnoea and exercise tolerance in COPD. Eur Respir J. 2004;23:832-840.
    • (2004) Eur Respir J , vol.23 , pp. 832-840
    • O'Donnell, D.E.1    Fluge, T.2    Gerken, F.3
  • 20
    • 53749102775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A four-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Tashkin DP, Celli B, Senn S, et al. A four-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2008;359: 1543-1554.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , pp. 1543-1554
    • Tashkin, D.P.1    Celli, B.2    Senn, S.3
  • 21
    • 0035422691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower respiratory illnesses promote FEV1 decline in current smokers but not ex-smokers with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Kanner RE, Anthonisen NR, Connett JE. Lower respiratory illnesses promote FEV1 decline in current smokers but not ex-smokers with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;164:358-364.
    • (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.164 , pp. 358-364
    • Kanner, R.E.1    Anthonisen, N.R.2    Connett, J.E.3
  • 22
    • 0036794862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between exacerbation frequency and lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Donaldson GC, Seemungal TAR, Bhowmik A, et al. Relationship between exacerbation frequency and lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 2002;57:847-852.
    • (2002) Thorax , vol.57 , pp. 847-852
    • Donaldson, G.C.1    Seemungal, T.A.R.2    Bhowmik, A.3
  • 24
    • 0000809921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotics are associated with lower relapse rates in outpatients with acute exacerbations of COPD
    • Adams SG, Melo J, Luther M, et al. Antibiotics are associated with lower relapse rates in outpatients with acute exacerbations of COPD. Chest. 2000;117:1345-1352.
    • (2000) Chest , vol.117 , pp. 1345-1352
    • Adams, S.G.1    Melo, J.2    Luther, M.3
  • 25
    • 0025974169 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of decompensated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the emergency department - Correlation between clinical features and prognosis
    • Murata GH, Gorby MS, Chick TW, et al. Treatment of decompensated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the emergency department correlation between clinical features and prognosis. Ann Emerg Med. 1991;20:125-129.
    • (1991) Ann Emerg Med , vol.20 , pp. 125-129
    • Murata, G.H.1    Gorby, M.S.2    Chick, T.W.3
  • 27
    • 0038243725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-hospital mortality following acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Patil SP, Krishnan JA, Lechtzin N, et al. In-hospital mortality following acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:1180-1186.
    • (2003) Arch Intern Med , vol.163 , pp. 1180-1186
    • Patil, S.P.1    Krishnan, J.A.2    Lechtzin, N.3
  • 28
    • 0029562173 scopus 로고
    • Hospital and 1-year survival of patients admitted to intensive care units with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Seneff MG, Wagner DP, Wagner RP, et al. Hospital and 1-year survival of patients admitted to intensive care units with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. JAMA. 1995;274:1852-1857.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 1852-1857
    • Seneff, M.G.1    Wagner, D.P.2    Wagner, R.P.3
  • 29
    • 23144436700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting survival of hospitalised patients with COPD
    • Gunen H, Hacievliyagil SS, Kosar F, et al. Factors affecting survival of hospitalised patients with COPD. Eur Respir J. 2005;26:234-241.
    • (2005) Eur Respir J , vol.26 , pp. 234-241
    • Gunen, H.1    Hacievliyagil, S.S.2    Kosar, F.3
  • 31
    • 0036181956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A long-term evaluation of once-daily inhaled tiotorpium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Casaburi R, Mahler DA, Jones PW, et al. A long-term evaluation of once-daily inhaled tiotorpium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J. 2002;19:217-224.
    • (2002) Eur Respir J , vol.19 , pp. 217-224
    • Casaburi, R.1    Mahler, D.A.2    Jones, P.W.3
  • 32
    • 33745885342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of tiotropium bromide (Spiriva) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of different severities
    • Beeh KM, Beier J, Buhl R, et al. Efficacy of tiotropium bromide (Spiriva) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of different severities. Pneumologie. 2006;60:3341-3346.
    • (2006) Pneumologie , vol.60 , pp. 3341-3346
    • Beeh, K.M.1    Beier, J.2    Buhl, R.3
  • 33
    • 0038366897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health outcomes following treatment for six months with once daily tiotropium compared with twice daily salmeterol in patients with COPD
    • Brusasco V, Hodder R, Miravitlles M, et al. Health outcomes following treatment for six months with once daily tiotropium compared with twice daily salmeterol in patients with COPD. Thorax. 2003;58:399-404.
    • (2003) Thorax , vol.58 , pp. 399-404
    • Brusasco, V.1    Hodder, R.2    Miravitlles, M.3
  • 34
    • 33644859913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of tiotorpium on exacerbations and airflow in patients with COPD
    • Dusser D, Braveo M-L, Iacono P, et al. The effect of tiotorpium on exacerbations and airflow in patients with COPD. Eur Respir J. 2008;27:547-555.
    • (2008) Eur Respir J , vol.27 , pp. 547-555
    • Dusser, D.1    Braveo, M.-L.2    Iacono, P.3
  • 35
    • 24644492301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with tiotropium, a once-daily inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator
    • Niewoehner DE, Rice K, Cote C, et al. Prevention of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with tiotropium, a once-daily inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator. Ann Intern Med. 2005;143:317-326.
    • (2005) Ann Intern Med , vol.143 , pp. 317-326
    • Niewoehner, D.E.1    Rice, K.2    Cote, C.3
  • 36
    • 38849186086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premature discontinuation of patients: A potential bias in COPD clinical trials
    • Kesten S, Plautz M, Piquette CA, et al. Premature discontinuation of patients: a potential bias in COPD clinical trials. Eur Respir J. 2007;30:898-906.
    • (2007) Eur Respir J , vol.30 , pp. 898-906
    • Kesten, S.1    Plautz, M.2    Piquette, C.A.3
  • 37
    • 18244368740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved health outcomes in patients with COPD during 1 year's treatment with tiotropium
    • Vincken W, van Noord JA, Greefhorst APM, et al. Improved health outcomes in patients with COPD during 1 year's treatment with tiotropium. Eur Respir J. 2002;19:209-216.
    • (2002) Eur Respir J , vol.19 , pp. 209-216
    • Vincken, W.1    van Noord, J.A.2    Greefhorst, A.P.M.3
  • 38
    • 25144513905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved daytime spirometric efficacy of tiotropium compared with salmeterol in patients with COPD
    • Briggs DD Jr, Covelli H, Lapidus R, et al. Improved daytime spirometric efficacy of tiotropium compared with salmeterol in patients with COPD. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2005;18:397-405.
    • (2005) Pulm Pharmacol Ther , vol.18 , pp. 397-405
    • Briggs Jr., D.D.1    Covelli, H.2    Lapidus, R.3
  • 39
    • 0033022767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacoeconomic evalulation of a combination of ipratropium plus albuterol compared with ipratropium alone and albuterol alone in COPD
    • Friedman M, Serby CW, Menjoge SS, et al. Pharmacoeconomic evalulation of a combination of ipratropium plus albuterol compared with ipratropium alone and albuterol alone in COPD. Chest. 1999;115:635-641.
    • (1999) Chest , vol.115 , pp. 635-641
    • Friedman, M.1    Serby, C.W.2    Menjoge, S.S.3
  • 40
    • 37849011194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations by salmeterol/ fluticasone propionate or tiotropium bromide
    • Wedzicha JA, Calverley PM, Seemungal TA, et al. The prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations by salmeterol/ fluticasone propionate or tiotropium bromide. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;177:19-26.
    • (2008) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.177 , pp. 19-26
    • Wedzicha, J.A.1    Calverley, P.M.2    Seemungal, T.A.3
  • 41
    • 0035422692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of withdrawal of inhaled steroids in men with severe irreversible airflow obstruction
    • O'Brien A, Russo-Magno P, Karki A, et al. Effects of withdrawal of inhaled steroids in men with severe irreversible airflow obstruction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;164:365-371.
    • (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.164 , pp. 365-371
    • O'Brien, A.1    Russo-Magno, P.2    Karki, A.3
  • 42
    • 0037111198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of discontinuation of inhaled corticosteroids in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The COPE study
    • van der Valk P, Monninkhof E, van der Palen J, et al. Effect of discontinuation of inhaled corticosteroids in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the COPE study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:1358-1363.
    • (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.166 , pp. 1358-1363
    • van der Valk, P.1    Monninkhof, E.2    van der Palen, J.3
  • 43
    • 33847172367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Calverley PM, Anderson JA, Celli B, et al. Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:775-789.
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.356 , pp. 775-789
    • Calverley, P.M.1    Anderson, J.A.2    Celli, B.3
  • 44
    • 57049135358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhaled corticosteroids in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Drummond MB, Dasenbrook EC, Pitz MW, Murphy DJ, Fan E. Inhaled corticosteroids in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008; 300:2407-2416.
    • (2008) JAMA , vol.300 , pp. 2407-2416
    • Drummond, M.B.1    Dasenbrook, E.C.2    Pitz, M.W.3    Murphy, D.J.4    Fan, E.5
  • 45
    • 34447310860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhaled corticosteroid use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia
    • Ernst P, Gonzalez AV, Brassard P, Suissa S. Inhaled corticosteroid use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;176:162-166.
    • (2007) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.176 , pp. 162-166
    • Ernst, P.1    Gonzalez, A.V.2    Brassard, P.3    Suissa, S.4
  • 46
    • 76149098230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longterm efficacy of tiotropium in relation to smoking status in the UPLIFT trial
    • Tashkin DP, Celli B, Kesten S, Lystig T, Mehra S, Decramer M. Longterm efficacy of tiotropium in relation to smoking status in the UPLIFT trial. Eur Respir J. 2010;35:287-294.
    • (2010) Eur Respir J , vol.35 , pp. 287-294
    • Tashkin, D.P.1    Celli, B.2    Kesten, S.3    Lystig, T.4    Mehra, S.5    Decramer, M.6
  • 47
    • 34247561439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tiotropium in combination with placebo, salmeterol or fluticasone-salmeterol for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Randomized trial
    • Aaron SD, Vandemheen KL, Fergusson D, et al. Tiotropium in combination with placebo, salmeterol or fluticasone-salmeterol for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:545-555.
    • (2007) Ann Intern Med , vol.146 , pp. 545-555
    • Aaron, S.D.1    Vandemheen, K.L.2    Fergusson, D.3
  • 48
    • 70350120604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination of formoterol and tiotropium in the treatment of COPD
    • Cazzola M, Tashkin DP. Combination of formoterol and tiotropium in the treatment of COPD. COPD. 2009;6:404-415.
    • (2009) COPD , vol.6 , pp. 404-415
    • Cazzola, M.1    Tashkin, D.P.2
  • 49
    • 68149158110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phamacologic treatments for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A mixed-treatment comparison metaanalysis
    • Baker WL, Baker EL, Coleman CI. Phamacologic treatments for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A mixed-treatment comparison metaanalysis. Pharmacotherapy. 2009;29:891-905.
    • (2009) Pharmacotherapy , vol.29 , pp. 891-905
    • Baker, W.L.1    Baker, E.L.2    Coleman, C.I.3
  • 50
    • 0037470634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The presence and function of muscarinic receptors on human T cells: The involvement in IL-2 and IL-2 receptor systems
    • Nomura J, Hosoi T, Okuma Y, et al. The presence and function of muscarinic receptors on human T cells: the involvement in IL-2 and IL-2 receptor systems. Life Sci. 2003;72:2121-2126.
    • (2003) Life Sci , vol.72 , pp. 2121-2126
    • Nomura, J.1    Hosoi, T.2    Okuma, Y.3
  • 51
    • 0026697298 scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholine stimulates bronchial epithelial cells to release neutrophil and monocyte chemotactic activity
    • Koyama S, Rennard SI, Robbins RA. Acetylcholine stimulates bronchial epithelial cells to release neutrophil and monocyte chemotactic activity. Am J Physiol. 1992;262:L466-L471.
    • (1992) Am J Physiol , vol.262
    • Koyama, S.1    Rennard, S.I.2    Robbins, R.A.3
  • 52
    • 37849014833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of tiotropium on sputum and serum inflammatory markers and exacerbations in COPD
    • Powrie DJ, Wilkinson TMA, Donaldson GC, et al. Effect of tiotropium on sputum and serum inflammatory markers and exacerbations in COPD. Eur Respir J. 2007;30:472-478.
    • (2007) Eur Respir J , vol.30 , pp. 472-478
    • Powrie, D.J.1    Wilkinson, T.M.A.2    Donaldson, G.C.3
  • 53
    • 0028233668 scopus 로고
    • Effect of long term treatment with oxitropium bromide on airway secretions in chronic bronchitis and diffuse panbronchiolitis
    • Tamaoki J, Chiyotani A, Tagaya E, et al. Effect of long term treatment with oxitropium bromide on airway secretions in chronic bronchitis and diffuse panbronchiolitis. Thorax. 1994;49:545-548.
    • (1994) Thorax , vol.49 , pp. 545-548
    • Tamaoki, J.1    Chiyotani, A.2    Tagaya, E.3
  • 54
    • 0242721244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement in resting inspiratory capacity and hyperinflation with tiotropium in COPD patients with increased static lung volumes
    • Celli B, ZuWallack R, Wang S, et al. Improvement in resting inspiratory capacity and hyperinflation with tiotropium in COPD patients with increased static lung volumes. Chest. 2003;124:1743-1748.
    • (2003) Chest , vol.124 , pp. 1743-1748
    • Celli, B.1    Zuwallack, R.2    Wang, S.3
  • 55
    • 24944525709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvements in symptomlimited exercise performance over 8 hr with once-daily tiotropium in patients with COPD
    • Maltais F, Hamilton A, Marciniuk D, et al. Improvements in symptomlimited exercise performance over 8 hr with once-daily tiotropium in patients with COPD. Chest 2005;128:1168-1178.
    • (2005) Chest , vol.128 , pp. 1168-1178
    • Maltais, F.1    Hamilton, A.2    Marciniuk, D.3
  • 56
    • 39049096870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Counting, analysing and reporting exacerbations of COPD in randomised controlled trials
    • Aaron SK, Ferguson D, Marks GB, et al. Counting, analysing and reporting exacerbations of COPD in randomised controlled trials. Thorax 2008;63:122-128.
    • (2008) Thorax , vol.63 , pp. 122-128
    • Aaron, S.K.1    Ferguson, D.2    Marks, G.B.3
  • 57
    • 47049130249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methodologic issues in therapeutic trials
    • Suissa S, Ernst P, Vandemheen KL, et al. Methodologic issues in therapeutic trials. Eur Respir J. 2008;31:927-933.
    • (2008) Eur Respir J , vol.31 , pp. 927-933
    • Suissa, S.1    Ernst, P.2    Vandemheen, K.L.3
  • 58
    • 33646368915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical treatment of exacerbations in therapeutic trials of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Suissa S. Statistical treatment of exacerbations in therapeutic trials of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173:842-846.
    • (2006) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.173 , pp. 842-846
    • Suissa, S.1
  • 59
    • 33646162900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analytic perspective: A demonstration of modeling count data with an application to physical activity
    • Slymen D, Ayala G, Arredondo EM, et al. Analytic perspective: a demonstration of modeling count data with an application to physical activity. Epidemiol Perspect Innovations. 2006;3:1-9.
    • (2006) Epidemiol Perspect Innovations , vol.3 , pp. 1-9
    • Slymen, D.1    Ayala, G.2    Arredondo, E.M.3
  • 60
    • 33749330419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of formoterol, tiotropium, and their combination in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A pilot study
    • Di Marco F, Verga M, Santus P, Morelli N, Cazzola M, Centanni S. Effect of formoterol, tiotropium, and their combination in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot study. Respir Med. 2006;100:1925-1932.
    • (2006) Respir Med , vol.100 , pp. 1925-1932
    • Di Marco, F.1    Verga, M.2    Santus, P.3    Morelli, N.4    Cazzola, M.5    Centanni, S.6
  • 61
    • 61449365647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incorporating tiotropium into a respiratory therapist-directed bronchodilator protocol for managing inpatients with COPD exacerbations decreases bronchodilator costs
    • Drescher G, Carnathan B, Imus S, Colice G. Incorporating tiotropium into a respiratory therapist-directed bronchodilator protocol for managing inpatients with COPD exacerbations decreases bronchodilator costs. Respir Care. 2008;53:1678-1684.
    • (2008) Respir Care , vol.53 , pp. 1678-1684
    • Drescher, G.1    Carnathan, B.2    Imus, S.3    Colice, G.4
  • 62
    • 14944368661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A respiratory therapist-directed protocol for managing in-patients with asthma and COPD incorporating a long-acting bronchodilator
    • Colice GL, Carnathan B, Sung J, et al. A respiratory therapist-directed protocol for managing in-patients with asthma and COPD incorporating a long-acting bronchodilator. J Asthma. 2005;42:29-34.
    • (2005) J Asthma , vol.42 , pp. 29-34
    • Colice, G.L.1    Carnathan, B.2    Sung, J.3
  • 63
    • 36348991345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of short-acting bronchodilaters added to maintenance tiotropium therapy
    • Kerstjens HAM, Bantje TA, Luursema PB, et al. Effects of short-acting bronchodilaters added to maintenance tiotropium therapy. Chest. 2007;132:1493-1499.
    • (2007) Chest , vol.132 , pp. 1493-1499
    • Kerstjens, H.A.M.1    Bantje, T.A.2    Luursema, P.B.3
  • 64
    • 52449106502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhaled anticholinergics and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Singh S, Loke YK, Furberg CD. Inhaled anticholinergics and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008;300:1439-1450.
    • (2008) JAMA , vol.300 , pp. 1439-1450
    • Singh, S.1    Loke, Y.K.2    Furberg, C.D.3
  • 65
    • 74949134191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular safety of tiotropium in patients with COPD
    • Celli B, Decramer M, Leimer I, et al. Cardiovascular safety of tiotropium in patients with COPD. Chest. 2010;137(1):20-30.
    • (2010) Chest , vol.137 , Issue.1 , pp. 20-30
    • Celli, B.1    Decramer, M.2    Leimer, I.3
  • 66
    • 33845938174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pooled clinical trial analysis of tiotropium safety
    • Kesten S, Jara M, Wentworth C, et al. Pooled clinical trial analysis of tiotropium safety. Chest. 2006;130:1695-1703.
    • (2006) Chest , vol.130 , pp. 1695-1703
    • Kesten, S.1    Jara, M.2    Wentworth, C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.