메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 31, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 495-510

Neural networks modelling of nitrogen export: Model development and application to unmonitored boreal forest watersheds

Author keywords

Artificial neural networks; Modelling; Nitrogen; Remote sensing; Watershed similarity

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE MODELS; FORECASTING; NEURAL NETWORKS; NITROGEN; RAPID SOLIDIFICATION; REMOTE SENSING; WATERSHEDS;

EID: 77951166228     PISSN: 09593330     EISSN: 1479487X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09593330903527880     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (6)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 0034174280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artificial neural networks in hydrology. I: Preliminary concepts
    • ASCE Task Committee
    • ASCE Task Committee, Artificial Neural Networks in Hydrology. I: Preliminary Concepts, J. Hydrol. Eng. 5 (2000), pp. 115-123.
    • (2000) J. Hydrol. Eng. , vol.5 , pp. 115-123
  • 2
    • 0034254196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing neural network and autoregressive moving average techniques for the provision of continuous river flow forecasts in two contrasting catchments
    • R.J. Abrahart and L. See, Comparing neural network and autoregressive moving average techniques for the provision of continuous river flow forecasts in two contrasting catchments, Hydrol. Process. 14 (2000), pp. 2157-2172.
    • (2000) Hydrol. Process. , vol.14 , pp. 2157-2172
    • Abrahart, R.J.1    See, L.2
  • 3
    • 33845270185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of process-based and artificial neural network approaches for streamflow modeling in an agricultural watershed
    • P. Srivastava, J.N. McVair, and T.E. Johnson, Comparison of process-based and artificial neural network approaches for streamflow modeling in an agricultural watershed, J. Am. Water. Resour. Assoc. 42 (2006), pp. 545-563.
    • (2006) J. Am. Water. Resour. Assoc. , vol.42 , pp. 545-563
    • Srivastava, P.1    McVair, J.N.2    Johnson, T.E.3
  • 5
    • 0842349306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A two-stepahead recurrent neural network for stream-flow forecasting
    • L.C. Chang, F.J. Chang, and Y.M. Chiang, A two-stepahead recurrent neural network for stream-flow forecasting, Hydrol. Process. 18 (2004), pp. 81-92.
    • (2004) Hydrol. Process. , vol.18 , pp. 81-92
    • Chang, L.C.1    Chang, F.J.2    Chiang, Y.M.3
  • 6
    • 10244249159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-layer perceptrons with Levenberg- Marquardt training algorithm for suspended sediment concentration prediction and estimation
    • O. Kisi, Multi-layer perceptrons with Levenberg- Marquardt training algorithm for suspended sediment concentration prediction and estimation, Hydrol. Sci. J. 49 (2004), pp. 1025-1040.
    • (2004) Hydrol. Sci. J. , vol.49 , pp. 1025-1040
    • Kisi, O.1
  • 7
    • 33846854883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artificial neural networks and time series modelling of TP concentration in boreal streams: A comparative approach
    • M.H. Nour, D.W. Smith, and M. Gamal El-Din, Artificial neural networks and time series modelling of TP concentration in boreal streams: A comparative approach, J. Environ. Eng. Sci. 5 (2006), pp. 39-52.
    • (2006) J. Environ. Eng. Sci. , vol.5 , pp. 39-52
    • Nour, M.H.1    Smith, D.W.2    Gamal El-Din, M.3
  • 8
    • 33745337472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forecasting chlorine residuals in a water distribution system using a general regression neural network
    • G.J. Bowden, J.B. Nixon, G.C. Dandy, H.R. Maier, and M. Holmes, Forecasting chlorine residuals in a water distribution system using a general regression neural network, Math. Comput. Model. 44 (2006), pp. 469-484.
    • (2006) Math. Comput. Model. , vol.44 , pp. 469-484
    • Bowden, G.J.1    Nixon, J.B.2    Dandy, G.C.3    Maier, H.R.4    Holmes, M.5
  • 9
    • 0037217838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artificial neural network modelling: A summary of successful applications relative to microbial water quality
    • G.M. Brion and S. Lingireddy, Artificial neural network modelling: a summary of successful applications relative to microbial water quality, Water Sci. Technol. 47 (2003), pp. 235-240.
    • (2003) Water Sci. Technol. , vol.47 , pp. 235-240
    • Brion, G.M.1    Lingireddy, S.2
  • 10
    • 28444499275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The application of artificial neural networks to flow and phosphorus dynamics in small streams on the Boreal Plain, with emphasis on the role of wetlands
    • M.H. Nour, D.W. Smith, M. Gamal El-Din, and E.E. Prepas, The application of artificial neural networks to flow and phosphorus dynamics in small streams on the Boreal Plain, with emphasis on the role of wetlands, Ecol. Model. 191 (2006), pp. 19-32.
    • (2006) Ecol. Model. , vol.191 , pp. 19-32
    • Nour, M.H.1    Smith, D.W.2    Gamal El-Din, M.3    Prepas, E.E.4
  • 11
    • 65649148777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling nitrogen composition in streams on the Boreal Plain using genetic adaptive general regression neural networks
    • X. Li, M.H. Nour, D.W. Smith, and E.E. Prepas, Modelling nitrogen composition in streams on the Boreal Plain using genetic adaptive general regression neural networks, J. Environ. Eng. Sci. 7 (2008), pp. S109-S125.
    • (2008) J. Environ. Eng. Sci. , vol.7
    • Li, X.1    Nour, M.H.2    Smith, D.W.3    Prepas, E.E.4
  • 13
    • 0033019602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short streamflow forecasting using artificial neural networks
    • C.M. Zealand, D.H. Burn, and S.P. Simonovic, Short streamflow forecasting using artificial neural networks, J. Hydrol. 214 (1999), pp. 32-48.
    • (1999) J. Hydrol. , vol.214 , pp. 32-48
    • Zealand, C.M.1    Burn, D.H.2    Simonovic, S.P.3
  • 14
    • 0033957764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural networks for the prediction and forecasting of water resources variables: A review of modelling issues and applications
    • H.R. Maier, and G.C. Dandy, Neural networks for the prediction and forecasting of water resources variables: a review of modelling issues and applications, Environ. Model. Softw. 15 (2000), pp. 101-124.
    • (2000) Environ. Model. Softw. , vol.15 , pp. 101-124
    • Maier, H.R.1    Dandy, G.C.2
  • 15
    • 1342310688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation and forecasting of daily suspended sediment data by multi-layer perceptrons
    • H.K. Cigizoglu, Estimation and forecasting of daily suspended sediment data by multi-layer perceptrons. Adv. Water Resour. 27 (2004), pp. 185-195.
    • (2004) Adv. Water Resour. , vol.27 , pp. 185-195
    • Cigizoglu, H.K.1
  • 16
    • 28944434082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods to improve the neural network performance in suspended sediment estimation
    • H.K. Cigizoglu, and O. Kisi, Methods to improve the neural network performance in suspended sediment estimation, J. Hydrol. 317 (2006), pp. 221-238.
    • (2006) J. Hydrol. , vol.317 , pp. 221-238
    • Cigizoglu, H.K.1    Kisi, O.2
  • 17
    • 33644924333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artificial neural networks for estimating daily total suspended sediment in natural streams
    • G. Tayfur, and V. Guldal, Artificial neural networks for estimating daily total suspended sediment in natural streams, Nord. Hydrol. 37 (2006), pp. 69-79.
    • (2006) Nord. Hydrol. , vol.37 , pp. 69-79
    • Tayfur, G.1    Guldal, V.2
  • 18
    • 0035127502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using neural networks to predict peak Cryptosporidium concentrations
    • G.M. Brion, T.R. Neelakantan, and S. Lingireddy, Using neural networks to predict peak Cryptosporidium concentrations, J. Amer. Water Works Assoc. 93 (2001), pp. 99-105.
    • (2001) J. Amer. Water Works Assoc. , vol.93 , pp. 99-105
    • Brion, G.M.1    Neelakantan, T.R.2    Lingireddy, S.3
  • 19
    • 0034915469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural network modelling of Cryptosporidium and Giardia concentrations in the Delaware River, USA
    • T.R. Neelakantan, G.M. Brion, and S. Lingireddy, Neural network modelling of Cryptosporidium and Giardia concentrations in the Delaware River, USA, Water Sci. Technol. 43 (2001), pp. 125-132.
    • (2001) Water Sci. Technol. , vol.43 , pp. 125-132
    • Neelakantan, T.R.1    Brion, G.M.2    Lingireddy, S.3
  • 20
    • 0031933254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of artificial neural networks for modelling cyanobacteria Anabaena spp. in the River Murray, South Australia
    • H.R. Maier, G.C. Dandy, and M.D. Burch, Use of artificial neural networks for modelling cyanobacteria Anabaena spp. in the River Murray, South Australia, Ecol. Model. 105 (1998), pp. 257-272.
    • (1998) Ecol. Model. , vol.105 , pp. 257-272
    • Maier, H.R.1    Dandy, G.C.2    Burch, M.D.3
  • 21
    • 0035669543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forecasting cyanobacterium Anabaena spp. in the River Murray, South Australia, using B-spline neurofuzzy models
    • H.R. Maier, T. Sayed, and B.J. Lence, Forecasting cyanobacterium Anabaena spp. in the River Murray, South Australia, using B-spline neurofuzzy models, Ecol. Model. 146 (2001), pp. 85-96.
    • (2001) Ecol. Model. , vol.146 , pp. 85-96
    • Maier, H.R.1    Sayed, T.2    Lence, B.J.3
  • 22
    • 33745323400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time series forecasting of cyanobacteria blooms in the Crestuma Reservoir (Douro River Portugal) using artificial neural networks
    • L.O. Teles, V. Vasconcelos, E. Pereira, and M. Saker, Time series forecasting of cyanobacteria blooms in the Crestuma Reservoir (Douro River, Portugal) using artificial neural networks, Environ. Manage. 38 (2006), pp. 227-237.
    • (2006) Environ. Manage. , vol.38 , pp. 227-237
    • Teles, L.O.1    Vasconcelos, V.2    Pereira, E.3    Saker, M.4
  • 24
    • 2342561137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of an artificial neural network for hydrologic and water quality modeling of agricultural watersheds
    • C. Yu, W.J. Northcott, and G.F. McIsaac, Development of an artificial neural network for hydrologic and water quality modeling of agricultural watersheds, Trans. ASAE. 47 (2004), pp. 285-290.
    • (2004) Trans. ASAE. , vol.47 , pp. 285-290
    • Yu, C.1    Northcott, W.J.2    McIsaac, G.F.3
  • 25
    • 0032842742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting stream nitrogen concentration from watershed features using neural networks
    • S. Lek, M. Guiresse, and J.-L. Giraudel, Predicting stream nitrogen concentration from watershed features using neural networks, Water Res. 33 (1999), pp. 3469-3478.
    • (1999) Water Res , vol.33 , pp. 3469-3478
    • Lek, S.1    Guiresse, M.2    Giraudel, J.-L.3
  • 26
    • 0029849763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in discharge and dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen export from terrestrial basins with changes in climate: A neural network approach
    • T.A. Clair, and J.M. Ehrman, Variations in discharge and dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen export from terrestrial basins with changes in climate: A neural network approach, Limnol. Oceanogr. 41 (1996), pp. 921-927.
    • (1996) Limnol. Oceanogr. , vol.41 , pp. 921-927
    • Clair, T.A.1    Ehrman, J.M.2
  • 27
    • 33644502597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of soil-based and calibrated parameters of the Sacramento model and parameter transferability
    • T.Y. Gan, and S.J. Burges, Assessment of soil-based and calibrated parameters of the Sacramento model and parameter transferability, J. Hydrol. 320 (2006), pp. 117-131.
    • (2006) J. Hydrol. , vol.320 , pp. 117-131
    • Gan, T.Y.1    Burges, S.J.2
  • 28
    • 28444460124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Forest Watershed and Riparian Disturbance study: A multi-discipline initiative to evaluate and manage watershed disturbance on the Boreal Plain of Canada
    • D.W. Smith, E.E. Prepas, G. Putz, J.M. Burke, W.L. Meyer, and I. Whitson, The Forest Watershed and Riparian Disturbance study: a multi-discipline initiative to evaluate and manage watershed disturbance on the Boreal Plain of Canada, J. Environ. Eng. Sci. 2 (2003), pp. S1-S13.
    • (2003) J. Environ. Eng. Sci. , vol.2
    • Smith, D.W.1    Prepas, E.E.2    Putz, G.3    Burke, J.M.4    Meyer, W.L.5    Whitson, I.6
  • 29
    • 65649133010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The FORWARD Project: Objectives, framework and initial integration into a Detailed Forest Management Plan in Alberta
    • E.E. Prepas, G. Putz, D.W. Smith, J.M. Burke, and J.D. MacDonald, The FORWARD Project: Objectives, framework and initial integration into a Detailed Forest Management Plan in Alberta, For. Chron. 84 (2008), pp. 330-337.
    • (2008) For. Chron. , vol.84 , pp. 330-337
    • Prepas, E.E.1    Putz, G.2    Smith, D.W.3    Burke, J.M.4    MacDonald, J.D.5
  • 30
    • 33846872338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between watershed characteristics, runoff, and stream water quality: Hypothesis development for watershed disturbance experiments and modelling in the Forest Watershed and Riparian Disturbance (FORWARD) project
    • E.E. Prepas, J.M. Burke, I.R. Whitson, G. Putz, and D.W. Smith, Associations between watershed characteristics, runoff, and stream water quality: hypothesis development for watershed disturbance experiments and modelling in the Forest Watershed and Riparian Disturbance (FORWARD) project, J. Environ. Eng. Sci. 5 (2006), pp. S27-S37.
    • (2006) J. Environ. Eng. Sci. , vol.5
    • Prepas, E.E.1    Burke, J.M.2    Whitson, I.R.3    Putz, G.4    Smith, D.W.5
  • 31
    • 77951165887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada. Available at
    • Geomatica V9.1, PCI Geomatics, Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada, 2007. Available at http://www. pcigeomatics.com/.
    • (2007) PCI Geomatics
  • 32
    • 77951145846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redlands, California, USA, software available at
    • ArcGIS 9.2, ESRI, Redlands, California, USA, 2007; software available at http://www.esri.com/software/ arcgis/
    • (2007)
  • 33
    • 10644295753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Input determination for neural network models in water resources applications. Part 1 - Background and methodology
    • G.J. Bowden, G.C. Dandy, and H.R. Maier, Input determination for neural network models in water resources applications. Part 1 - background and methodology, J. Hydrol. 301 (2005), pp. 75-92.
    • (2005) J. Hydrol. , vol.301 , pp. 75-92
    • Bowden, G.J.1    Dandy, G.C.2    Maier, H.R.3
  • 34
    • 0031730434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Export of nitrogen from catchments within a temperate forest: Evidence for a unifying mechanism regulated by variable source area dynamics
    • I.F. Creed and L.E. Band, Export of nitrogen from catchments within a temperate forest: Evidence for a unifying mechanism regulated by variable source area dynamics, Water Resour. Res. 34 (1998), pp. 3105-3120.
    • (1998) Water Resour. Res. , vol.34 , pp. 3105-3120
    • Creed, I.F.1    Band, L.E.2
  • 35
    • 0032777994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen and phosphorus emissions from soil to surface water in the Rhine and Elbe basins
    • M. de Wit and H. Behrendt, Nitrogen and phosphorus emissions from soil to surface water in the Rhine and Elbe basins, Water Sci. Technol. 39 (1999), pp. 109-116.
    • (1999) Water Sci. Technol. , vol.39 , pp. 109-116
    • De Wit, M.1    Behrendt, H.2
  • 36
    • 20444423854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of nitrogen cycling on stream water quality in a basin associated with forest, grassland, and animal husbandry, Hokkaido, Japan
    • R. Hatano, T. Nagumo, H. Hata, and K. Kuramochi, Impact of nitrogen cycling on stream water quality in a basin associated with forest, grassland, and animal husbandry, Hokkaido, Japan, Ecol. Eng. 24 (2005), pp. 509-515.
    • (2005) Ecol. Eng. , vol.24 , pp. 509-515
    • Hatano, R.1    Nagumo, T.2    Hata, H.3    Kuramochi, K.4
  • 37
    • 33846653117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of discharge level on the load of dissolved and particulate components of stream nitrogen and phosphorus from a small afforested watershed of Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa)
    • J. Ide, O. Nagafuchi, M. Chiwa, A. Kume, K. Otsuki, and S. Ogawa, Effects of discharge level on the load of dissolved and particulate components of stream nitrogen and phosphorus from a small afforested watershed of Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa), J. For. Res. 12 (2007), pp. 45-56.
    • (2007) J. For. Res. , vol.12 , pp. 45-56
    • Ide, J.1    Nagafuchi, O.2    Chiwa, M.3    Kume, A.4    Otsuki, K.5    Ogawa, S.6
  • 38
    • 33750476984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of storm events on solute exports from a glaciated forested watershed in western New York, USA
    • S.P. Inamdar, N. O'Leary, M.J. Mitchell, and J.T. Riley, The impact of storm events on solute exports from a glaciated forested watershed in western New York, USA, Hydrol. Process. 20 (2006), pp. 3423-3439.
    • (2006) Hydrol. Process. , vol.20 , pp. 3423-3439
    • Inamdar, S.P.1    O'Leary, N.2    Mitchell, M.J.3    Riley, J.T.4
  • 39
    • 84867849101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Runoff and inorganic nitrogen export from Boreal Plain watersheds six years after wildfire and one year after harvest
    • D. Pelster, J.M. Burke, and E.E. Prepas, Runoff and inorganic nitrogen export from Boreal Plain watersheds six years after wildfire and one year after harvest, J. Environ. Eng. Sci. 7 (2008), pp. S51-S61.
    • (2008) J. Environ. Eng. Sci. , vol.7
    • Pelster, D.1    Burke, J.M.2    Prepas, E.E.3
  • 40
    • 33144487840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water and nitrogen processes along a typical water flowpath and streamwater exports from a forested catchment and changes after clear-cutting: A modelling study
    • A. Lauren, L. Finer, H. Koivusalo, T. Kokkonen, T. Karvonen, S. Kellomadki, H. Mannerkoski, and M. Ahtiainen, Water and nitrogen processes along a typical water flowpath and streamwater exports from a forested catchment and changes after clear-cutting: a modelling study, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 9 (2005), pp. 657-674.
    • (2005) Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. , vol.9 , pp. 657-674
    • Lauren, A.1    Finer, L.2    Koivusalo, H.3    Kokkonen, T.4    Karvonen, T.5    Kellomadki, S.6    Mannerkoski, H.7    Ahtiainen, M.8
  • 41
    • 1942531270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the seasonal dynamics of the Brazilian Cerrado vegetation through the use of spectral vegetation indices
    • L.G. Ferreira and A.R. Huete, Assessing the seasonal dynamics of the Brazilian Cerrado vegetation through the use of spectral vegetation indices, Int. J. Remote Sens. 25 (2004), pp. 1837-1860.
    • (2004) Int. J. Remote Sens. , vol.25 , pp. 1837-1860
    • Ferreira, L.G.1    Huete, A.R.2
  • 43
    • 47549084090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The assessment of vegetation seasonal dynamics using multitemporal NDVI and EVI images derived from MODIS
    • E.M.D. Silveira, L.M.T. de Carvalho, F.W. Acerbi- Junior, and J.M. de Mello, The assessment of vegetation seasonal dynamics using multitemporal NDVI and EVI images derived from MODIS, Cerne 14 (2008), pp. 177-184.
    • (2008) Cerne , vol.14 , pp. 177-184
    • Silveira, E.M.D.1    De Carvalho, L.M.T.2    Acerbi-Junior, F.W.3    De Mello, J.M.4
  • 45
    • 0742323231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural networks for predicting nitrate-nitrogen in drainage water
    • V. Sharma, S.C. Negi, R.P. Rudra, and S. Yang, Neural networks for predicting nitrate-nitrogen in drainage water, Agric. Water Manage. 63 (2003), pp. 169-183.
    • (2003) Agric. Water Manage. , vol.63 , pp. 169-183
    • Sharma, V.1    Negi, S.C.2    Rudra, R.P.3    Yang, S.4
  • 46
    • 0031239528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forecasting raw-water quality parameters for the North Saskatchewan River by neural network modelling
    • Q. Zhang and S.J. Stanley, Forecasting raw-water quality parameters for the North Saskatchewan River by neural network modelling, Water Res. 31 (1997), pp. 2340-2350.
    • (1997) Water Res , vol.31 , pp. 2340-2350
    • Zhang, Q.1    Stanley, S.J.2
  • 47
    • 0004941790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ward Systems Group Inc, Frederick, MD, USA, Available at
    • Neuroshell 2, Ward Systems Group Inc, Frederick, MD, USA, 2005. Available at http://www.wardsystems. com/
    • (2005) Neuroshell 2
  • 48
    • 0036221122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal division of data for neural network models in water resources applications
    • G.J. Bowden, H.R. Maier, and G.C. Dandy, Optimal division of data for neural network models in water resources applications, Water Resour. Res. 38 (2002), pp. 1-11.
    • (2002) Water Resour. Res. , vol.38 , pp. 1-11
    • Bowden, G.J.1    Maier, H.R.2    Dandy, G.C.3
  • 49
    • 16444364474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data division for developing neural networks applied to geotechnical engineering
    • M.A. Shabin, H.R. Maier, and M.B. Jaksa, Data division for developing neural networks applied to geotechnical engineering, J. Comput. Civil. Eng. 18 (2004), pp. 105-114.
    • (2004) J. Comput. Civil. Eng. , vol.18 , pp. 105-114
    • Shabin, M.A.1    Maier, H.R.2    Jaksa, M.B.3
  • 50
    • 2942626614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MATLAB R, Natick, MA, USA; software available at
    • MATLAB R2007a, The MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA, USA; software available at http://www.mathworks. com/
    • (2007) The MathWorks Inc
  • 51
    • 65649131315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a generic neural network model for the prediction of daily streamflow in ungauged boreal plain watersheds
    • M.H. Nour, D.W. Smith, M. Gamal El-Din, and E.E. Prepas, Towards a generic neural network model for the prediction of daily streamflow in ungauged boreal plain watersheds, J. Environ. Eng. Sci. 7, (2008), pp. S79-S93.
    • (2008) J. Environ. Eng. Sci. , vol.7
    • Nour, M.H.1    Smith, D.W.2    Gamal El-Din, M.3    Prepas, E.E.4
  • 52
    • 0032920124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the use of "goodness-of-fit" measures in hydrologic and hydroclimatic model validation
    • D.R. Legates and G.J. McCabe, Evaluating the use of "goodness-of- fit" measures in hydrologic and hydroclimatic model validation, Water Resour. Res. 35 (1999), pp. 233-241.
    • (1999) Water Resour. Res. , vol.35 , pp. 233-241
    • Legates, D.R.1    McCabe, G.J.2
  • 53
    • 0036711389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflectance characteristics and remote sensing of a riparian zone in south Texa
    • J.H. Everitt, C. Yang, D.E. Escobar, R.I. Lonard, and M.R. Davis, Reflectance characteristics and remote sensing of a riparian zone in south Texa, Southw. Natural. 47 (2002), pp. 433-439.
    • (2002) Southw. Natural. , vol.47 , pp. 433-439
    • Everitt, J.H.1    Yang, C.2    Escobar, D.E.3    Lonard, R.I.4    Davis, M.R.5
  • 54
    • 33645020484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the classification of wetland characteristics by linear spectral mixture modelling and traditional hard classifiers on multispectral remotely sensed imagery in southern India
    • P. Shanmugam, Y.H. Ahn, and S. Sanjeevi, A comparison of the classification of wetland characteristics by linear spectral mixture modelling and traditional hard classifiers on multispectral remotely sensed imagery in southern India, Ecol. Model. 194 (2006), 379-394.
    • (2006) Ecol. Model. , vol.194 , pp. 379-394
    • Shanmugam, P.1    Ahn, Y.H.2    Sanjeevi, S.3
  • 55
    • 39749188754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating nitrogen exports in response to forest vegetation, age and soil types in two coastal-forested watersheds in British Columbia
    • J.Z. Zhu and A. Mazumder, Estimating nitrogen exports in response to forest vegetation, age and soil types in two coastal-forested watersheds in British Columbia, For. Ecol. Manage. 255 (2008), pp. 1945-1959.
    • (2008) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.255 , pp. 1945-1959
    • Zhu, J.Z.1    Mazumder, A.2
  • 56
    • 38049127160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Riparian areas in the Canadian boreal forest and linkages with water quality in streams
    • S.H. Luke, N.J. Luckai, J.M. Burke, and E.E. Prepas, Riparian areas in the Canadian boreal forest and linkages with water quality in streams, Environ. Rev. 15 (2007), pp. 79-97.
    • (2007) Environ. Rev. , vol.15 , pp. 79-97
    • Luke, S.H.1    Luckai, N.J.2    Burke, J.M.3    Prepas, E.E.4
  • 57
    • 0035704095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GIS-based hydrologic modeling of riparian areas: Implications for stream water quality
    • M.E. Baker, M.J. Wiley, and P.W. Seelbach, GIS-based hydrologic modeling of riparian areas: Implications for stream water quality, J. Amer. Water Resour. Assoc. 37 (2001), pp. 1615-1628.
    • (2001) J. Amer. Water Resour. Assoc. , vol.37 , pp. 1615-1628
    • Baker, M.E.1    Wiley, M.J.2    Seelbach, P.W.3
  • 58
    • 0033033916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the riparian zone in controlling the distribution and fate of agricultural nitrogen near a small stream in southern
    • E.E. Cey, D.L. Rudolph, R. Aravena, and G. Parkin, Role of the riparian zone in controlling the distribution and fate of agricultural nitrogen near a small stream in southern Ontario, J. Contam. Hydrol. 37 (1999), pp. 45-67.
    • (1999) Ontario J. Contam. Hydrol. , vol.37 , pp. 45-67
    • Cey, E.E.1    Rudolph, D.L.2    Aravena, R.3    Parkin, G.4
  • 59
    • 25844463683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation water content estimation for corn and soybeans using spectral indices derived from MODIS near- and shortwave infrared bands
    • D.Y. Chen, J.F. Huang, and T.J. Jackson, Vegetation water content estimation for corn and soybeans using spectral indices derived from MODIS near- and shortwave infrared bands, Remote Sens. Environ. 98 (2005), pp. 225-236.
    • (2005) Remote Sens. Environ. , vol.98 , pp. 225-236
    • Chen, D.Y.1    Huang, J.F.2    Jackson, T.J.3
  • 61
    • 77951201220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PA, USA, Available at, Références
    • AVGWLF, Penn State Institute Energy & The Environment, PA, USA, 2009. Available at http://www.avgwlf. psu.edu/. 533-543 Références
    • (2009) Penn State Institute Energy & the Environment


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.