Thermal decomposition of acetic and formic acid catalyzed by red mud - Implications for the potential use of red mud as a pyrolysis bio-oil upgrading catalyst

Energy and Fuels

Volumn 24, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 2747-2757

  Karimi, Elham ^a   Gomez, Ariel ^a   Kycia, Stefan W ^a   Schlaf, Marcel ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETIC ACID DEHYDRATION; ALDOL CONDENSATION; ALUMINUM INDUSTRY; BIO OIL; CELLULOSIC BIOMASS; COLOR CHANGES; DEOXYGENATION REACTIONS; DIRECT USE; FAST PYROLYSIS; GASPHASE; HIGHER HYDROCARBONS; INTERNAL SOURCE; METALLIC IRON; NON-POLAR PHASE; POLAR LIQUIDS; PRODUCT MIXTURE; RED MUD; THERMAL DECOMPOSITIONS; WASTE BYPRODUCTS; WATER GAS SHIFT REACTIONS;

ACETONE; ALUMINUM PLANTS; CARBON MONOXIDE; CATALYSTS; CHEMICAL SHIFT; HYDROGENATION; MAGNETIC MATERIALS; OLEFINS; ORGANIC ACIDS; PARAFFINS; PHOTORESISTS; PYROLYSIS; REACTION KINETICS; SYNTHESIS (CHEMICAL); SYNTHESIS GAS; THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS;

FORMIC ACID;

EID: 77951113977     PISSN: 08870624     EISSN: 15205029     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ef1000375     Document Type: Conference Paper

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28. The total amount of HOAc used in the reaction was lowered to 734 mmol in order to remain within 90% of the pressure limit of the reactor (5000 psi) that was approached when using 1049 mmol of HOAc prompting us to stop the reaction before the 8 h time point.
29. Compounds b, c, and d were identified by comparing their fragmentation patterns with those of the corresponding saturated esters. The identity of compound c was inferred by both its fragmentation pattern and the fact that its concentration is strongly dependent on the amount of HCOOH used. Note that the relative peak intensities are the reconstituted total ion counts detected by the ion trap and thus do not reflect the actual relative concentrations between different compounds in the same sample but can be interpreted with respect to the relative concentrations of the same compounds within different samples.
30. A list of possible other components identified by GC-MS is given in the Supporting Information.
31. Our present experimental setup and available equipment suite does not allow for a quantitative analysis of the gas-phase headspace. This also prevents the determination of a mass balance for any of the reactions carried out.
32. The presence of hydrogenated products points to a background catalytic hydrogenation activity of the 316SS reactor body (Fe/Ni/Cr/Mo alloy) itself under the aqueous acidic reaction conditions
33. See the Supporting Information for a digital photograph of the appearance of Red Mud before and after the reaction.
34. The vapor pressure of water at 330 °C is 1866 and 2398 psi at 350 °C, i.e., lower than the observed pressures of >3000 psi (source: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics).
35. Followed by further reactivity. See Table S1, Supporting Information.