A systematic review of clinical trials of pharmacological interventions for acute ischaemic stroke (1955-2008) that were completed, but not published in full

Trials

Volumn 11, Issue , 2010, Pages

  Gibson, Lorna M ^a   Brazzelli, Miriam ^b   Thomas, Brenda M ^b   Sandercock, Peter A G ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARUNDIC ACID; BATROXOBIN; CEREBROLYSIN; DANAPAROID; DOBUTAMINE; ELIPRODIL; EMOXIPIN; GANGLIOSIDE GM1; INSULIN; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; NIFEDIPINE; PICLOZOTAN; PIRACETAM; PLACEBO; TICLOPIDINE; CARDIOVASCULAR AGENT;

ACUTE DISEASE; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLASSIFICATION; CLINICAL STUDY; CLINICAL TRIAL; COOLING; DATA EXTRACTION; DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS; DRUG DOSE ESCALATION; DRUG EFFICACY; HEMODYNAMICS; HUMAN; PREVALENCE; PUBLICATION; STROKE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; INFORMATION DISSEMINATION; INFORMED CONSENT; PUBLISHING; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CARDIOVASCULAR AGENTS; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; HUMANS; INFORMATION DISSEMINATION; INFORMED CONSENT; PUBLISHING; RISK ASSESSMENT; STROKE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 77951080145     PISSN: 17456215     EISSN: 17456215     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-11-43     Document Type: Article

References (147)

1. Moher D. Publication bias. Lancet 1993, 342:1116.
2. Egger M, Smith GD. Misleading meta-analysis. BMJ 1995, 311:753-754. 2550754, 7549720.
3. Easterbrook PJ, Berlin JA, Gopalan R, Matthews DR. Publication bias in clinical research. Lancet 1991, 337:867-872. 10.1016/0140-6736(91)90201-Y, 1672966.
4. Klassen TP, Wiebe N, Russell K, Stevens K, Hartling L, Craig WR, Moher D. Abstracts of randomized controlled trials presented at the society for pediatric research meeting: an example of publication bias. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2002, 156:474-479.
5. Timmer A, Hilsden RJ, Cole J, Hailey D, Sutherland LR. Publication bias in gastroenterological research - a retrospective cohort study based on abstracts submitted to a scientific meeting. BMC Med Res Methodol 2002, 2:7. 10.1186/1471-2288-2-7, 115863, 11978183.
6. Toma M, McAlister FA, Bialy L, Adams D, Vandermeer B, Armstrong PW. Transition from meeting abstract to full-length journal article for randomized controlled trials. JAMA 2006, 295:281-1287. 10.1001/jama.295.11.1281, 16418460.
7. Blumle A, Antes G, Schumacher M, Just H, von Elm E. Clinical research projects at a German medical faculty: follow-up from ethical approval to publication and citation by others. J Med Ethics 2008, 34:e20. 10.1136/jme.2008.024521, 18757621.
8. von Elm E, Rollin A, Blumle A, Huwiler K, Witschi M, Egger M. Publication and non-publication of clinical trials: longitudinal study of applications submitted to a research ethics committee. Swiss Med Wkly 2008, 138:197-203.
9. Melander H, Ahlqvist-Rastad J, Meijer G, Beermann B. Evidence b(i)ased medicine - selective reporting from studies sponsored by pharmaceutical industry: review of studies in new drug applications. BMJ 2003, 326:1171-1173. 10.1136/bmj.326.7400.1171, 156459, 12775615.
10. Liebeskind DS, Kidwell CS, Sayre JW, Saver JL. Evidence of publication bias in reporting acute stroke clinical trials. Neurology 2006, 67:973-979. 10.1212/01.wnl.0000237331.16541.ac, 17000963.
11. Thomas B, Mclnnes A. [O33] The Cochrane Stroke Group's Specialised Register of Trials: A Comprehensive and Unique Resource for Reviewers. Cochrane Colloquium Proceedings: 5-9 October 1999; Rome
12. Sandercock P, Algra A, Anderson C, Bereczki D, Berge E, Bowen A, et al. Cochrane Stroke Group. About The Cochrane Collaboration (Cochrane Review Groups (CRGs)) 2009, (2). Art. No.: STROKE.
13. Learning to identify and classify reports of controlled trials in healthcare journals. , http://apps1.jhsph.edu/cochrane/srch.htm
14. True random number service. , http://www.random.org
15. Gardner MJ, Altman DG. Calculating confidence intervals for proportions and their differences. Statistics with confidence: confidence intervals and statistical guidelines 1989, 28-33. London: BMJ, Gardner MJ, Altman DG, 1.
16. TUCSON: Safety study of microbubbles with transcranial ultrasound and tPA in the management of acute ischemic stroke. , http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/
17. Alvarez-Sabin J, Chacon P, Molina CA, Arenillas JF, Ribo M, Fernandez-Cadenas I, Rosall A, Penalba A, Pujadas F, Montaner J. Triflusal is superior to aspirin suppressing the inflammatory response that follows ischemic attack [abstract]. Cerebrovasc Dis 2004, 17:s109.
18. ARTIST+. , http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/
19. ARTIST MRI. , http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/
20. Orgogozo JM, Massey D, Whitehead J, Lataste X. Prediction of functional recovery after middle cerebral artery infarction [abstract]. Cerebrovasc Dis 1994, 4:242.
21. Awadh MMM, Ali S, Sherif MA, Afify H, Aref H, Moustafa R, Abdulghani O. Large-dose loading clopidogrel is well tolerated in ischaemic stroke up to 24 hours from onset. Proceedings of the UK Stroke Forum Conference: 4-6 December 2007; Harrogate
22. Schabitz WR, Laage R, Schwab S, Schneider D, Hamann G, Rosenkranz M. AX200 (G-CSF) for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AXIS) [abstract]. Stroke 2008, 39:561.
23. Balkuv-Ulutin S, Hacihanefioglu M, Ulutin ON. Clinical and laboratory results obtained with defibrotide in the cases of acute stroke [abstract]. Thromb Haemost 1989, 62:585.
24. Combined aspirin, clopidogrel and dipyridamole versus aspirin alone in acute stroke; a safety, tolerability and feasibility study. , https://portal.nihr.ac.uk/Profiles/NRR.aspx?Publication_ID=N0170106720
25. Bergamasco B, Gentile S, Tarenzi L, Scarzella L. Cyticholine in acute ischemic stroke: results of a controlled multicentric double blind study [abstract]. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1986, 64:98P.
26. Bo W, Ming L, Song T. A randomized controlled trial of ligustrazine for acute ischemic stroke [abstract]. J Neurol Sci 2005, 238:s415.
27. The SaTIS Investigators Safety of tirofiban in acute ischemic stroke (SaTIS) [abstract]. Cerebrovasc Dis 2006, 21:s60. The SaTIS Investigators.
28. Caille JM, Bidabe AM, Dartigues JF, Pere JJ, Orgogozo JM. Action of an anti-aldosterone agent on ischemic cerebral oedema. A randomised therapeutic trial [abstract]. Neuroradiology 1982, 22:272.
29. Chandra B. Neuroprotective drugs in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 1997, 6:453.
30. ROSIE-CT: ReoPro retavase reperfusion of stroke safety study - imaging evaluation with computed tomography. , http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/
31. Chen W-H, Lien L-M, Fang S-C, Chiu H-C. Low molecular weight heparin for acute ischemic stroke. Annual Meeting of Taiwan Stroke Society: 22-23 March 2003; Taipei
32. Clark WM, Coull BM. Randomised trial of CGS19755 a glutamate antagonist, in acute ischaemic stroke treatment [abstract]. Neurology 1944, 44:A270.
33. Fiblast Phase 3: European-Australian Fiblast (Trafermin) in acute stroke. , http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/
34. Block GA, . 1102-003 Study Group Final results from a dose-escalating safety and tolerance study of the non-competitive NMDA antagonist CNS 1102 in patients with acute cerebral ischemia [abstract]. Stroke 1995, 26:185. 1102-003 Study Group.
35. Cuparnecu B. Efficacy of cerebrolysin in patients with ischaemic stroke of the middle cerebral artery [abstract]. Pharmacol Toxicol 2001, 89:s136.
36. Dan G-A, Gonta A, Serbanescu A, Ionete C. Improvement of outcome in patients with acute ischaemic stroke treated with fragmin. Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Thromboembolic Diseases: 9-10 June 2000; Palma de Mallorca. Haemostasis 2000, 30:168-169. Haas S, Marder VJ, Samama M-M.
37. Davalos EA, de Cendra E, Genis D, Teruel J, Ruibal A, Musoles S. Double blind controlled trial of nicardipine versus placebo in the treatment of the acute phase of cerebral infarction [abstract]. Neurologia 1992, 7:157.
38. Defer G, Cesaro P, Moretti JL, Cinotti L, Degos JD. The cerebral effect of one-week intravenous administration of nicergoline in stroke patients: a SPECT study [abstract]. J Neurol 1988, 235:s84.
39. Delwaide PJ, de Pasqua V, Lehert P, D'Hooge R. Naftidrofuryl and quantified EEG of patients with ischemic stroke. A double-blind controlled trial [abstract]. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 1992, 2:s111.
40. Dib H, Horozoglu H, Afsar N, Ekinci G, Aktan S. The effect of statins on infarct size and prognosis [abstract]. Cerebrovasc Dis 2006, 21:s146.
41. Mori E, Takakura K, Yamaguchi T, Terashi A, Saito I, Shinohara Y, Kikuchi H, Tanikawa T, Kobayashi S, Kobayashi N, Machida T. Multicenter trial of a novel modified t-PA, E6010 by iv bolus injection in patients with acute carotid artery territory stroke [abstract]. Cerebrovasc Dis 1996, 6:191.
42. Zimmerman TR, Kidwell CS, Fisher M, Fiebach JB, Davalos A, Cheung Y-K, Arima K. Piclozotan (SUN N4057) in patients with acute ischemic stroke and MRI penumbra: a double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study - the EPIC trial. Proceedings of the 15th European Stroke Conference: 16-19 May 2006; Brussels
43. Fisher M. Eliprodil [abstract]. Cerebrovasc Dis 1996, 6:189.
44. ROSIE: ReoPro retevase reperfusion of stroke safety study - imaging evaluation. , http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/
45. Fayad P, Caplik J, Culligan N, Edwards K, Maisel J, Moonis M, Newman G, Srinivas N, Wirkowski E, Bozik M. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous BMS-204352: a novel maxi-K channel opener, in patients up to 48 hours after acute ischemic stroke [abstract]. Cerebrovasc Dis 2000, 10:s71.
46. The FIBLAST Safety Study Group Clinical safety trial of intravenous basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FIBLAST) in acute stroke [abstract]. Stroke 1998, 29:287. The FIBLAST Safety Study Group.
47. Hommel M. Fraxiparine in ischaemic stroke study (FISS bis) [abstract]. Cerebrovasc Dis 1998, 8:s19.
48. Fogari R, Pasotti C, Zoppi A, Corradi L, Mugellini A, Preti P, Derosa G, Rinaldi A. Effect of perindopril and atenolol on plasma PAI-1 in hypertensive patients with acute ischemic stroke [abstract]. Stroke 2003, 34:309.
49. Galeas T, Contos T, Exarhos P, Galea V, Valotasiou B. The role of magnesium (Mg) a natural calcium (Ca) antagonist in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) (clinical study) [abstract]. Cerebrovasc Dis 1999, 9:s102.
50. Garcia Pastor A, Diaz OF, Gil Nunez AC, Villanueva Osorio JA. Tolerability and efficacy of the combination of piracetam and citicoline in acute ischemic stroke. A randomized comparative open study [abstract]. Stroke 2004, 35:e286.
51. Garcia Tigera J, Martinez DR. Levamisol, a new treatment for cerebral infarction [abstract]. J Neurol 1994, 241:s162.
52. Study of ONO-2506 in patients with acute ischemic stroke. , http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00229177?term=ONO-2506&rank=1
53. MITI-IV: Intravenous administration of microplasmin for treatment of acute ischemic stroke. , http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/
54. Giroux C, Rosen P, Scatton B. Preclinical, pharmacology and clinical safety profile of eliprodil, an atypical NMDA receptor antagonist. Pharmacology of Cerebral Ischemia 1994 1994, 643-648. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verglagsgesellschaft, Krieglstein J, Oberpichler-Schwenk H.
55. Guillen F, Buendia C, Herrera J. CDP-choline in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke [abstract]. J Neurol 1995, 242:s76.
56. Gusev EI, Skvortsova VI, Komissarova IA. Glycine in therapy of acute ischemic stroke [abstract]. Eur J Neurol 1997, 4:s78.
57. Cerebrolysin in acute ischemic stroke. , http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/
58. HALT: Hu23F2G phase 3 stroke trial. , http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/
59. Hamamoto M, Nagao T, Kanda A, Ichiseki H, Miyazaki T, Terashi A. Hypervolemic hemodilution therapy for the elderly patients with atherothrombotic and hemodynamic ischemic stroke [abstract]. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 1992, 2:s136.
60. Oral aspirin vs intravenous heparin for acute ischemic stroke progression. , http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/
61. Hernandez Fustes O, Macarini L, Munhoz R, Panfilio C, Moreira A, Arteaga C. Evaluation of the neuroprotection with citicolina in the treatment of the acute cerebral infarct [abstract]. J Neurol Sci 2005, 238:s399.
62. Huang P, Li XH, Qiao LJ. A study on the changes in plasma coagulative, anticoagulative, fibrinolytic activities in patients with cerebral infarction treated with low molecular weight heparin [abstract]. Hong Kong Med J 2001, 7:24.
63. Iannuzzi NP, Liebeskind DS, Jacoby M, Arima K, Shimizu K, Zimmerman TR. Piclozotan (SUN N4057), a novel 5HT1A receptor antagonist, is well tolerated in patients with acute stroke [abstract]. Stroke 2006, 37:655.
64. Jamieson DG, Reivich M, Alves W, Fazekas F, Kushner M, Chawluk J, Blackman D, Silver F, Alavi A. The effect of ganglioside (GM1) treatment in acute ischemic infarction: a positron emission tomography study [abstract]. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1989, 9:s602.
65. Ji S, Liu Y, Li T, Ma M. Effect observation of shuxuetong on nervous function defect of cerebral infarction. Chin J Clin Rehabil 2003, 7:866-867.
66. Khrapova E, Chukhrova V, Kistenev B. Antioxidant emoxypine in complex treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke [abstract]. Eur J Neurol 1998, 5:s40.
67. Kistenev B, Suslina Z, Maksimov M, Geraskina L. Clinical effects of antioxidant therapy in patients with acute cerebral infarction. III South American Conference on Cerebrovascular Diseases: 15-18 June 1994; Buenos Aires
68. Konta Y, Aizu K, Fuziwara K, Matsui T. Evaluation of intravenous urokinase, ozagrel sodium and low molecular dextran therapy in acute ischemic stroke - comparison of infusion methods of urokinase [abstract]. Cerebrovasc Dis 1996, 6:187.
69. Kopa J, Radai F. A new combination of neuroprotective drugs in the therapy of acute ischemic stroke (comparative study) [abstract]. Stroke 2000, 31:2840.
70. Staszewski J, Kotowicz J, Swistak J, Stepien A. Intravenous insulin therapy in maintenance of euglycemia in nondiabetic acute stroke patients [abstract]. Cerebrovasc Dis 2005, 19:s66.
71. Kovacevic MS, Mrsulja BB, Bumbasirevic LJ, Jovanovic D, Zidverc J, Bugarski C, Dodic A, Pecic O. Acute nonhemorrhagic stroke: neurological and biochemical study [abstract]. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 1992, 2:s90.
72. Kwiecinski H, Pniewski J, Kaminska A, Szyluk B. A randomized trial of fraxiparine in acute ischemic stroke [abstract]. Cerebrovasc Dis 1995, 5:234.
73. Lee JH, Seo DC, Kim JS, Lee MC. Therapeutic efficacy of urokinase and heparin in acute ischaemic stroke [abstract]. Stroke 1994, 25:268.
74. Li CY. Influence of ligustrazine in acute cerebral thrombosis [abstract]. Chinese Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry 1986, 19:386.
75. Li BXY, Lang S, Zhang Z, Dong Q, Zhu K, Zhang Z. Defibrase for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke [abstract]. Circulation 1999, 100:sI-36.
76. Li C, Wang L, Dong W, Hu C. Fractal dimension of heart rate variability: a useful marker to predict the sudden unexpected death in patients with stroke. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Research Advances in Cerebrovascular Disease: 13-15 October 2003; Chengdu
77. Dong Q, Lu C-Z, Zhen H-M. Low-molecular-weight heparin for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke: a randomized controlled trial [abstract]. Neurology 2003, 60:A228.
78. Lu XR, Mi ZZ, Yuan XD. Study of correlation between times of a disease and plasma fibrinogen molecular reactivity in patients with acute cerebral infarction [abstract]. Hong Kong Med J 2001, 7:s42.
79. Luo ZM, Yang L. A randomized controlled clinical trial of MgSO4 plus cyclophophamide and colchicine in patients suffered from acute cerebral infarction [abstract]. Hong Kong Med J 2001, 7:23.
80. Luo Z, Zeng X, Chen H, Liu L, He L, Yuan G. Anti-inflammatory cell therapy for cerebral ischemic stroke in rats and patients. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Research Advances in Cerebrovascular Disease: 13-15 October 2003; Chengdu
81. Maksimova M, Kistenev B, Khrapova E, Geraskina L, Smirnova I. Comparative analysis of the clinical efficiency of ischaemic stroke therapy [abstract]. Int Angiol 1995, 14:s181.
82. Mazagri R, Shuaib A, McPherson M, Deighton M. Amphetamine failed to improve motor function in acute stroke [abstract]. Can J Neurol Sci 1995, 22:s25.
83. McCormick M, McLean JR, Condon B, Hadley D, Muir KW. Randomized controlled trial of insulin in hyperglycemia: lesion volume progression depends on vessel recanalization [abstract]. Stroke 2007, 38:505.
84. Metoki N, Konta Y, Baba Y, Okuguchi T, Matsui T, Fukuda M, Satoh K, Okumura K. Efficacy of combined therapy with ozagrel sodium and edaravone in patients with acute cerebral thrombosis [abstract]. Stroke 2004, 35:e214.
85. Mihout B, Malberin M, Salzman V, Guez D, Bogousslavsky J. Effect of almitrine-raubasine combination on functional recovery in patients with ischemic stroke [abstract]. J Neurol 1994, 241:s78.
86. Monaco P, Pastore L, Cottone A, Conti S. Effect of treatment with monosialotetraesosil-ganglioside (GM1) on neurological impairment in the acute and post-acute phases of the ischemic stroke [abstract]. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 1992, 2:s119.
87. Moriwaki H, Nagatsuka K, Miyashita K, Yamagami H, Yamawaki T, Naritomi H. Antipyretic therapy prevents the development of cerebral edema in acute embolic stroke: a pilot study using serial CT examinations [abstract]. Stroke 2000, 31:313.
88. Crepin-Leblond T, Moulin T, Ziegler F, Bataillard M, Chopard JL, Chavot D, Rumbach L, Bonneville JF, Bogousslavsky J. A randomised trial of heparin therapy in acute ischemic stroke: first results [abstract]. Cerebrovasc Dis 1994, 4:259.
89. Teal P, Lyden P, Kaste M, Davis S, Hacke W, Fierus M. Effects of repinotan in patients with acute ischemic stroke: phase IIb modified randomized exposure controlled trial (MRECT) [abstract]. Cerebrovasc Dis 2005, 19:s68.
90. Nakamura T, Uchiyama S, Tsutsumi Y, Shimizu Y, Iwata M. Renin-angiotensin system blockade safely reduces blood pressure without affecting cerebral blood flow in patients with acute ischemic stroke [abstract]. Stroke 2007, 38:517.
91. PASS II: Piracetam in acute stroke study II. , http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/
92. Effect of MK-0724 on the improvement of neurological damage and recovery from ischemic stroke. , http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/
93. GRASP: glucose regulation in acute stroke patients. , http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/
94. Peng XS. Antioxidant treatment in high-altitude ischaemic stroke [abstract]. Chinese Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry 1994, 27:303.
95. Saltarelli MD, Weaver JJ, Hsu C, Bednar MM. Randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CP101,606 (Traxoprodil), an NR2B-selective N-methyl D-aspartate receptor antagonist, in subjects with acute ischemic stroke [abstract]. Stroke 2004, 35:241.
96. Piradov MA, Suslina ZA, Lebedeva NV, Altunina MN, Shchukin JD. Piracetam in acute ischemic stroke [abstract]. Cerebrovasc Dis 1992, 2:235.
97. Pokrupa R, Hakim A, Villanueva J, Francis G, Wolfe L. Clinical study of prostacyclin infusion after acute ischemic stroke [abstract]. Can J Neurol Sci 1986, 13:165.
98. Steiner TJ. Naftidrofuryl in the treatment of acute cerebral hemisphere infarction (ACHI). Stroke 1996, 27:195.
99. Fosphenytoin Phase 3: Multicenter study to evaluate the safety of intravenous fosphenytoin in patients with acute ischemic stroke. , http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/
100. Qiang D. The dynamic study of stroke MRI in hyperacute stroke patients with thrombolysis [abstract]. Hong Kong Med J 2001, 7:16.
101. Haley EC. High-dose tirilazad for acute stroke (RANTTAS II) [letter]. Stroke 1998, 29:1256-1257.
102. RECT: Repinotan - randomized exposure controlled trial. , http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/
103. Ricci S, Ricciotti E, Celani MG, Righetti E, Stragliotto E, Stracci F, Patrignani P. Differential suppression of thromboxane biosynthesis by indobufen and ASA in patients with ischaemic stroke [abstract]. Cerebrovasc Dis 2003, 16:s114.
104. Rosenberg G, Angel I, Kozak A, Schneider D. Evaluation of safety and changes in the NIH Stroke Scale, Rankin, and Barthel scores following DP-b99 administration to acute stroke patients [abstract]. Stroke 2004, 35:338.
105. Teal PA, Sherman DG, Selchen DH, Grotta JC, Albers GW, Due BR. Arundic acid (ONO-2506 MK-0724) in acute ischemic stroke: results of RREACT study [abstract]. Stroke 2007, 38:472.
106. The rt-PA/acute Stroke Study Group An open safety/efficacy trial of rt-PA in acute thromboembolic stroke: final report [abstract]. Stroke 1991, 22:153. The rt-PA/acute Stroke Study Group.
107. Rubiera M, Ribo M, Santamarina E, Delgado-Mederos R, Delgado P, Alvarez-Sabin J, Molina CA. Effects of blood pressure on the efficacy of microbubbles-enhanced sonothrombolysis in acute stroke [abstract]. Stroke 2007, 38:507.
108. Sansone A, Gulotta G, Sparacia B, Alongi A, Savoia G, Sparacia GV. Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on neurologic recovery after focal cerebral ischaemia [abstract]. Br J Anaesth 1997, 78:s73-74.
109. Overell J, Nazir F, Hilditch T, Lowe G, Lees KR. Vascular effects of statins in acute cerebral ischemia: the statins in acute stroke (SAS) trial [abstract]. Stroke 2003, 34:308.
110. Shamalov NA, Stakhovskaya LV, Gubsky LV, Tikhonova IV, Smichkov AS, Skvortsova VI. Effects of the neuroprotective drug cerebrolysin on the infarct volume after acute ischemic stroke [abstract]. Cerebrovasc Dis 2005, 19:s107.
111. SIS: Sipatrigine in stroke. , http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/
112. Staedt U, Heene DL, Bayerl JR, Schwarz M, Schwarz M. Comparative study with HAS and dextran of patients with cerebral ischemia. Neurological findings and a daily profile of rheological and hemostatic parameters [abstract]. Klin Wochenschr 1985, 63:s18.
113. Szczepanska-Szerej A, Wojczal, Stelmasiak Z. Anti-aggregating effect of indobufen (IB) in acute ischemic stroke [abstract]. Eur J Neurol 1998, 5:s109.
114. Szczepanska-Szerej A, Kurzepa J, Wojczal J, Stelmasiak Z, Stryjecka-Zimmer M. Simvastatin prevents increasing MMP-9 activity in acute phase of ischemic stroke. J Neurol Sci 2005, 238:s445.
115. Tamura A, Amano T, Sherman DG, Houkin K, Asano T, Fukuuchi Y. Arundic acid (ONO-2506 MK-0724) for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke: phase II clinical trial in Japan [abstract]. Stroke 2007, 38:s511-512.
116. TEST: Tolerability of enecadin (INN) in acute ischemic stroke trial. , http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/
117. Tietjen GE, Dombi T, Pulsinelli WA, Beckse T, Kulger AR, Mann ME. A double-blind, safety, and tolerance study of single intravenous doses of fosphenytoin in patients with acute ischemic stroke [abstract]. Neurology 1996, 46:s424.
118. Azzimondi G, Casmiro M, D'Alessandro R, Fiorani L, Nonino F. Italian trial on glycerol in ischemic stroke (trial Italiano sul glicerolo nell'ictus: TIGI) [abstract]. Stroke 1994, 25:2113.
119. Molina CA, Ribo M, Rubiera M, Santamarina E, Delgado-Mederos R, Maisterra O. TNK induces faster MCA recanalization and leads to better short- and long-term clinical outcomes than native tPA. The TNK-TPA reperfusion stroke study [abstract]. Stroke 2008, 39:563.
120. Toso V, D'Agnolo B, Feruglio FS, Basaglia N, Donati G, Falezza G, Bruno R, Salvato G. GM1 therapy of acute stroke. A multicentre trial [abstract]. Cerebrovasc Dis 1992, 2:210.
121. Treib J, Behnke S, Seltmann A, Fischer C, Windisch F, Grauer MT, Schenk JF, Wenzel E, Haass A. Effects of a high-dose hypervolemic volume therapy using HES 200/0.5 or HES 70/0.5 on hemodynamics, hemorheology and coagulation in patients suffering from acute stroke. Results of a randomised double-blind study [abstract]. Cerebrovasc Dis 1999, 9:s101.
122. Edaravone and argatroban stroke therapy for acute ischemic stroke. , http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/
123. Wardlaw JM, Lindley RI, Warlow CP, Sandercock PAG. A pilot study of intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke [abstract]. JNNP 1994, 57:251.
124. Wester PO, Asplund K, Eriksson S, Hagg E, Lithner F, Strand T. Infusion of magnesium in patients with acute brain infarction [abstract]. Acta Neurol Scand 1984, 70:143.
125. Sprigg N, Willmot MR, Gray LJ, Walker MF, Sunderland A, Bath PM. The effect of dexamphetamine on motor recovery and systemic and cerebral hemodynamics in subacute ichemic stroke [abstract]. Stroke 2007, 38:520.
126. Wojczal J, Szczepanska-Szerej A, Stelmasiak Z. Pentoxifylline (PTX) and indobufen (IB) reduce platelet activation in the acute phase of ischemic stroke (IS) [abstract]. Eur J Neurol 1998, 5:s108.
127. Standardized evaluation of Chinese medicine injection for cerebral infarction. , http://dlib.edu.cnki.net/kns50/Navigator.aspx?ID=9
128. Zeng X, Li Y. Effects of pravastatin on the function of dendritic cells and high sensitive C-reactive protein and clinical effects in patients with acute ischemic stroke [abstract]. Stroke 2005, 36:495.
129. Zhang JJ, Deng M, Zhang Y, Sui W, Wang L, Sun A. A short-term assessment of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (RHG-CSF) in treatment of acute cerebral infarction [abstract]. Cerebrovasc Dis 2006, 21:s143-144.
130. Edwards K, . CNS 1102-008 Study Group Cerestat (aptiganel hydrochloride) in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke: results of a phase II trial [abstract]. Neurology 1996, 46:s424. CNS 1102-008 Study Group.
131. Anonymous Eliprodil stroke trial halted. SCRIP 1996, 2102:20. Anonymous.
132. Peinemann F, McGauran N, Sauerland S, Lange S. Negative pressure wound therapy: potential publication bias caused by lack of access to unpublished study results data. BMC Med Res Methodol 2008, 8:4. 10.1186/1471-2288-8-4, 2291064, 18267008.
133. Fletcher RW, Fletcher SW. Clinical epidemiology: the essentials 2005, Baltimore: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
134. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.0. , http://www.cochrane-handbook.org
135. Roberts I. An amnesty for unpublished trials. One year on, many trials are unregistered and the amnesty remains open. BMJ 1998, 317:763-764. 1113903, 9740559.
136. Hetherington J, Dickersin K, Chalmers I, Meinert CL. Retrospective and prospective identification of unpublished controlled trials: lessons from a survey of obstetricians and pediatricians. Pediatrics 1989, 84:374-380.
137. Pearn J. Publication: an ethical imperative. BMJ 1995, 310:1313-1315. 2549684, 7773049.
138. Chalmers I. Underreporting research is scientific misconduct. JAMA 1990, 263:1405-1408. 10.1001/jama.263.10.1405, 2304220.
139. Tumber MB, Dickersin K. Publication of clinical trials: accountability and accessibility. J Intern Med 2004, 256:271-283. 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01392.x, 15367169.
140. Standard operating procedures for research ethics committees. , http://www.nres.npsa.nhs.uk/news-and-publications/publications/standard-operating-procedures/
141. Shields PG. Publication bias is a scientific problem with adverse ethical outcomes: the case for a section for null results. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000, 9:771-772.
142. Random samples. Science 2002, 296:2137.
143. Hopewell S, Clarke M, Moher D, Wager E, Middleton P, Altman DG, Schultz KF, . the CONSORT Group CONSORT for reporting randomized controlled trials in journal and conference abstracts: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med 2008, 5:e20. 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050020, 2211558,2211558, 18215107, the CONSORT Group.
144. Hopewell S, Altman DG, Moher D, Schultz KF. Endorsement of the CONSORT statement by high impact factor medical journals: a survey of journal editors and journal 'Instructions to Authors.'. Trials 2008, 9:20. 10.1186/1745-6215-9-20, 2359733, 18423021.
145. Chalmers I. In the dark. New Scientist 2004, 6:9.
146. Project to improve public reporting of clinical trials underway. , http://www.nres.npsa.nhs.uk/news-and-publications/news/project-to-improve-public-reporting-of-clinical-trials-underway/
147. PRS Information: U.S. Public Law 110-85. , http://prsinfo.clinicaltrials.gov/fdaaa.html