Can a one-weekend group therapy reduce fear of blushing? Results of an open trial

Anxiety, Stress and Coping

Volumn 23, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 303-318

  Chaker, Samia ^a   Hofmann, Stefan G ^b   Hoyer, Juergen ^a  

^a DRESDEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^b BOSTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Attention training; Behavioral therapy; Erythrophobia; Fear of blushing; Social anxiety disorder; Social phobia

Indexed keywords

ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY; FACE; FEAR; GROUP THERAPY; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; METHODOLOGY; NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION; PHOBIA; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUESTIONNAIRE; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; VASCULARIZATION;

ANXIETY DISORDERS; ATTENTION; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY; BLUSHING; FACE; FEAR; HUMANS; INTERVIEWS AS TOPIC; PHOBIC DISORDERS; PSYCHOTHERAPY, GROUP; QUESTIONNAIRES; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR;

EID: 77951033053     PISSN: 10615806     EISSN: 14772205     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10615800903075132     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Abbass, A., Sheldon, A., Gyra, J., & Kalpin, A. (2008). Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy for DSM-IV personality disorders. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 196, 211-216.
2. Balon, R. (2005). Measuring anxiety: Are we getting what we need? Depression and Anxiety, 22, 110.
3. Bögels, S.M. (2006). Task concentration training versus applied relaxation, in combination with cognitive therapy, for social phobia patients with fear of blushing, trembling, and sweating. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1199-1210.
4. Bögels, S.M., Alberts, M., & De Jong, P.J. (1996). Self-consciousness, self-focused attention, blushing propensity and fear of blushing. Personality and Individual Differences, 21, 573-581.
5. Bögels, S.M., Mulkens, S., & de Jong, P.J. (1997). Task concentration training and fear of blushing. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 4, 251-258.
6. Bögels, S.M., & Reith, W. (1999). Validity of two questionnaires to assess social fears: The dutch social phobia and anxiety inventory and the blushing, trembling and sweating questionnaire. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 21, 51-66.
7. Bögels, S.M., Sijbers, G.F.V.M., & Voncken, M.J. (2006). Mindfulness and task concentration training for social phobia: A pilot study. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 20, 33-44.
8. Brown, T.A., Di Nardo, P.A., & Barlow, D.H. (1994). Anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
9. Butler, A., Chapman, J.E., Forman, E.M., & Beck, A.T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 17-31.
10. Chaker, S., & Hoyer, J. (2007). Erythrophobie: Störungswissen und Verhaltenstherapie [Fear of blushing: The disorder and its cognitive behavioural therapy]. Verhaltenstherapie, 17, 183-190.
11. Clark, D.M., Ehlers, A., McManus, F., Hackman, A., Fennell, M., Campbell, H., et al. (2003). Cognitive therapy versus fluoxetine in generalized social phobia: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 1058-1067.
12. Clark, D.M., Ehlers, A., McManus, F., Hackman, A., Fennell, M., Grey, N., et al. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 568-578.
13. Clark, D.M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In R.G. Heimberg, M.R. Liebowitz, D.A. Hope, & F.R. Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia diagnosis, assessment and treatment (pp. 69-93). New York: The Guilford Press.
14. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the social sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
15. Connor, K.M., Davidson, J.R.T., Chung, H., Yang, R., & Clary, C.M. (2006). Multi-dimensional effects of sertraline in social anxiety disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 23, 6-10.
16. Davidson, J.R.T., Foa, E.B., Huppert, J.D., Keefe, F.J., Franklin, M.E., Compton, J.S., et al. (2004). Fluoxetine, comprehensive cognitive behavioral therapy, and placebo in generalized social phobia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 1005-1013.
17. Deacon, B. (2008). Two-day, intensive cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorder a case study. Behavior Modification, 31, 595-615.
18. Drummond, P.D. (1997). The effect of adrenergic blockade on blushing and facial flushing. Psychophysiology, 34, 163-168.
19. Drummond, P.D., Back, K., Harrison, J., Helgadottir, F.D., Lange, B., Lee, C., et al. (2007). Blushing during social interactions in people with a fear of blushing. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 1601-1608.
20. Drummond, P.D., Camacho, L., Formentin, N., Heffernan, T.D., Williams, F., & Zekas, T.E. (2003). The impact of verbal feedback about blushing on social discomfort and facial blood flow during embarrasing tasks. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 413-425.
21. Fedoroff, I.C., & Taylor, S. (2001). Psychological and pharmacological treatments of social phobia: A meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 21, 311-324.
22. Fehm, L., Beesdo, K., Jacobi, F., & Fiedler, A. (2008). Social anxiety disorder above and below the diagnostic threshold: Prevalence, comorbidity and impairment in the general population. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 43, 257-265.
23. Gerlach, A.L., Wilhelm, F.H., Gruber, K., & Roth, W.T. (2001). Blushing and physiological arousability in social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 247-258.
24. Ginsburg, G.S., Riddle, M.A., & Davies, M. (2006). Somatic symptoms in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45, 1179-1187.
25. Hedges, D.W., Brown, B.L., Shwalb, D.A., Godfrey, K., & Larcher, A.M. (2007). The efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in adult social anxiety disorder: A meta-analysis of double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 21, 102-111.
26. Heimberg, R. (2002). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder: Current status and future directions. Society of Biological Psychiatry, 51, 101-108.
27. Heinrichs, N., Rapee, R.M., Alden, L.A., Bogels, S.M., Hofmann, S.G., Oh, K.J., et al. (2006). Cultural differences in perceived social norms and social anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1187-1197.
28. Hofmann, S.G. (2007). Cognitive factors that maintain social anxiety disorder: A comprehensive model and its treatment implications. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 36, 193-209.
29. Hofmann, S.G., Heinrichs, N., & Moscovitch, D.A. (2004). The nature and expression of social phobia: Toward a new classification. Clinical Psychology Review, 24, 769-797.
30. Hofmann, S.G., Moscovitch, D.A., & Kim, H-J. (2006). Autonomic correlates of social anxiety and embarrassment in shy and non-shy individuals. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 61, 134-142.
31. Jacobson, N.S., & Truax, P. (1991). Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 12-19.
32. Lang, T., & Hoyer, J. (2007). Massed exposure and fast remission of panic disorder with agoraphobia: A case example. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 35, 371-375.
33. Morgan, H., & Raffle, C. (1999). Does reducing saftey behaviours improve treatment response in patients with social phobia? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 33, 503-510.
34. Mörtberg, E., Clark, D.M., Sundin, Ö., & Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. Treatment as usual in soical phobia: A randomised controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 115, 142-154.
35. Mulkens, S., & Bogels, S.M. (1999). Learning history in fear of blushing. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 1159-1167.
36. Mulkens, S., Bogels, S.M., de Jong, P.J., & Louwers, J. (2001). Fear of blushing: Effects of task concentration training versus exposure in vivo on fear and physiology. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 15, 413-432.
37. Newman, M.G., Kachin, K.E., Zuellig, A.R., Constantino, M.J., & Cashman-McGrath, L. (2003). The social phobia diagnostic questionnaire: Preliminary validation of a new self-report diagnostic measure of social phobia. Psychological Medicine, 33, 623-635.
38. Powers, M.B., Sigmarrson, S.R., & Emmelkamp, P.M.G. (2008). A meta-analytic review of psychological treatments for social anxiety disorder. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 1, 94-113.
39. Rapee, R.M., & Heimberg, R.G. (1997). A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behavior Research and Therapy, 35, 741-756.
40. Ruscio, A.M., Brown, T.A., Chiu, W.T., Sareen, J., Stein, M.B., & Kessler, R.C. (2008). Social fears and social phobia in the USA: Results from the national comorbidity survey replication. Psychological Medicine, 38, 15-28.
41. Scholing, A., & Emmelkamp, P.M.G. (1993). Cognitive and behavioural treatments of fear of blushing, sweating or trembling. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 115-170.
42. Schramm, E., van Calker, D., Dykierek, P., Lieb, K., Kech, S., Zobel, I., et al. (2007). An intensive treatment program of interpersonal psychotherapy plus pharmacotherapy for depressed inpatients: Acute and long-term results. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 768-777.
43. Schultz, L., & Heimberg, R.G. (2008). Attentional focus in social anxiety disorder: Potential for interactive processes. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 1206-1221.
44. Stangier, U., Heidenreich, T., Peitz, M., Lauterbach, W., & Clark, D.M. (2003). Cognitive therapy for social phobia: Individual versus group treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 991-1007.
45. Stein, M.B., & Stein, D.J. (2008). Social anxiety disorder. The Lancet, 371, 1115-1125.
46. Storch, E.A., Merlo, L.J., Lehmkuhl, H., Geffken, G.R., Jacob, M., Ricketts, E., et al. (2008). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A non-randomized comparison of intensive and weekly approaches. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22, 1146-1158.
47. Sullivan, G., Craske, M.G., Sherbourne, C., Edlund, M.J., Rose, R.D., Golinelli, D., et al. (2007). Design of the coordinated anxiety learning and management (calm) study: Innovations in collaborative care for anxiety disorders. General Hospital Psychiatry, 29, 379-387.
48. Wells, A., Clark, D.M., Salkovskis, P., Ludgate, J., Hackmann, A., & Gelder, M. (1995). Social phobia: The role of in-situation safety behaviors in maintaining anxiety and negative beliefs. Behavior Therapy, 26, 153-161.
49. Wittchen, H-U., & Pfister, H. (1997). DIA-X Diagnostisches Expertensystem für Psychische Störungen [Diagnostic expert system for psychological disorders]. Frankfurt: Harcourt.