Arctic energy in EU policy: Arbitrary interest in the Norwegian High North

Arctic

Volumn 63, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 30-42

  Offerdali, Kristine ^a,b  

^a FRIDTJOF NANSEN INSTITUTE   (Norway)

^b NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE FOR DEFENCE STUDIES   (Norway)

Author keywords

Arctic; Energy policy for Europe; European Union; Gas; High North; Northern dimension; Norway; Oil

Indexed keywords

ENERGY POLICY; EUROPEAN UNION; NATURAL GAS; NORTHERN HEMISPHERE; POLITICAL REFORM; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS;

ARCTIC; ARCTIC OCEAN; BARENTS SEA; BELGIUM; BRUSSELS [BELGIUM]; NORWAY;

EID: 77950833440     PISSN: 00040843     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Barroso, J.M.D. 2006. The potential emergence of the Barents Sea as a 'petroleum province': Implications for Norway and Europe. Conference speech at the European Policy Centre, 10 October 2006. Copy in author's files.
2. - 2007. The EU: Ending the doubts on energy and climate change. Speech at the Institut français des relations internationales (IFRI) energy programme, Brussels, 24 May. Speech/07/332. http://europa.eu/rapid/ pressReleasesAction.do ? reference=SPEECH/07/332&format=HTML&aged= 1&langu age =EN&guiL anguage=en.
3. - 2008. The EU/Norway partnership: A European approach to energy security and climate change. speech at the Europe Conference, Oslo, 25 February. Speech/08/98. http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/08/ 98&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en.
4. In: Ojanen, H., ed., Catellani, N. 2001. The multilevel implementation of the Northern Dimension. In: Ojanen, H., ed. The Northern Dimension: Fuel for the EU? Kauhava, Finland: Ulkopoliittinen instituutti and Institut fur Europäische Politik. 54-77.
5. Council of the European Union. 1999. Implementation of a Northern Dimension for the Policies of the European Union. Conclusions adopted by the Council on 31 May. 9034/99.
6. - 2006. Presidency conclusions. Brussels European Council 23/24 March 2006. 7775/1/06 REV1. http://www.consilium. europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/st09971. en06.pdf.
7. - 2007. Brussels European Council. 8/9 March 2007. Presidency Conclusions. 7224/1/07 REV1. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms-Data/ docs/pressData/en/ec/93135.pdf.
8. De Palacio, L. 2000. Future European energy policy and security of supply issues. Speech at the COALTRANS Conference: Speech/00/398, Madrid, 23 October. http://europa.eu/rapid/ pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/00/ 398&format=HTML&aged=1&language=EN&guiLanguage=en.
9. - 2002. The way forward of the IEF in addressing international energy issues. Speech at the 8th International Energy Forum: Speech/02/415, Osaka, 23 September. http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/02/ 415&format=HTML&aged=1&language=EN&guiLangua ge=en.
10. EC (European Commission). 1998. A Northern Dimension for the Policies of the Union COM/98/0589 Final. Copy in author's files.
11. - 2000. Green Paper: Towards a European strategy for the security of energy supply. COM(2000) 769 final. http://aei.pitt.edu/1184/01/enegy-supply- security-gp-COM-2000-769.pdf.
12. - 2001. A northern dimension for the policies of the Union: An inventory of current activities. April. Copy in author's files.
13. - 2005. 2004 Annual Progress Report on the Implementation of the Northern Dimension Action Plan. SEC(2005) 688. Copy in author's files.
14. - 2006a. Green Paper: A European strategy for sustainable, competitive and secure energy. COM(2006) 105 final. http:// eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/ LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2006 :0105:FIN:EN:PDF.
15. - 2006b. Communication from the Commission to the European Council: External energy relations- from principles to action. COM(2006) 590 final. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2006:0590:FIN:EN:PDF.
16. - 2006c. 2005 Annual Progress Report on the Implementation of the Northern Dimension Action Plan. SEC(2006) 729. Copy in author's files.
17. - 2007a. Communication from the Commission to the European Council and the European Parliament. An energy policy for Europe. COM(2007) 1 final. http://ec.europa.eu/energy/energy-policy/doc/01-energy-policy-for-europe-en.pdf.
18. - 2007b. Developing external energy policy for the EU. MEMO/07/533. http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/07/533.
19. - 2007c. Norway increases EU's security of gas supplies. Press Release: IP/07/1454, 8 October. http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference= IP/07/1454.
20. - 2007d. EC-Norway energy dialogue: Both parties confirm strong commitment to carbon capture and storage technology. Press release: IP/07/879. 25 June. http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/07/ 879&format= HT ML&aged= 1 &language =EN&guiL anguage=en.
21. - 2007e. Commissioner Piebalgs and Minister Enoksen discuss EC-Norway cooperation on carbon capture and storage (CCS). Press release: IP/07/130, 2 February. http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/07/ 130&format.
22. - 2007f. 2006 Annual Progress Report on the Implementation of the Northern Dimension Action Plan. SEC(2007) 79. Copy in author's files.
23. European Commission and the High Representative of the European Council. 2006. An external policy to serve Europe's energy interests. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/st09971.en06.pdf.
24. European Communities. 2007. Towards an EU external energy policy: The 2006 Brussels Conference, 20-21 November 2006. http://ec.europa.eu/external- relations/energy/events/energy-conference-2006/fina-brochure-en.pdf.
25. European Parliament. 2003. The Northern Dimension: European Parliament resolution on the Northern Dimension. P5-TA (2003)0521. http://www.europarl. europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//NONSGML+TA+P5-TA-2003-0521+0+DOC+PDF+V0/ /EN.
26. - 2006. Security of energy supply in the European Union: European Parliament resolution on security of energy supply in the European Union. P6-TA(2006)0110. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP// NONSGML+TA+P6-TA-2006-0110+0+DOC+PDF+V0//EN.
27. Greenwood, J. 1997. Representing interests in the European Union. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
28. Haga, Å. 2007a. Aktiv og grenn Europapolitikk. speech, 5 December. http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/oed/dep/Aslaug-Marie/Taler-og-artikler/2007/ Aktiv-og-gronn-Europapolitikk. html?id=493331.
29. - 2007b. Orientation to the EEA group. The Norwegian Parliament/ stortinget, 18 October. http://www.stortinget.no/no/saker-og-publikasjoner/ Publikasjoner/Referater/Europaut valget/2007-2008/18-oktober-2007/sak-nr-1/.
30. - 2008b. Increasing non-Arctic interest in the Arctic Council. http://arctic-council.org/article/2008/4/increasing-non-arctic-interest-in-the- arctic-council.
31. Hansen J., Many countries court the Arctic Council , 2008, http://arctic-council.org/article/2008/2/many-countries-court-the- arctic-council.
32. Hønneland, G., and Jensen, L.C. 2008. Den nye nordområde- politikken: Barentsbilder etter artusenskiftet (The new Norwegian politics in the High North: Barents images after the turn of the millennium). Bergen: Fagbokforlaget.
33. - 2008b. Increasing non-Arctic interest in the Arctic Council. http://arctic-council.org/article/2008/4/increasing-non-arctic-interest-in-the- arctic-council.
34. Hull, R. 1993. Lobbying Brussels: A view from within. In: Mazey, S., and Richardson J., eds. Lobbying in the European Community. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 82-92.
35. Lipponen, P. 1997. The European Union needs a policy for the Northern Dimension. In: Heininen, L., and Langlais, R., eds. Europe's Northern Dimension: The BEAR meets the south. Publications of the Administrative Office of the University of Lapland 1999(39). 29-35.
36. Matláry, J.H. 1997. Energy policy in the European Union. London: Macmillan Press.
37. Mazey, S., and Richardson, J., eds. 1993. Lobbying in the European Community. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
38. Michel, L. 2005. Northern Dimension. speech to the European Parliament, strasbourg, 8 september. speech/05/495. http:// europa.eu/rapid/ pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/05/495&format=HTML&aged= 0&language=EN&guiLangua ge=en.
39. Northern Dimension. 2006a. Northern Dimension policy framework document. Adopted at the Helsinki summit 24 November. http://ec.europa.eu/external- relations/north-dim/docs/frame- pol-1106-en.pdf.
40. - 2006b. Political declaration on the Northern Dimension policy. Adopted at the Helsinki summit 24 November. http://ec.europa.eu/external-relations/ north-dim/docs/pol-dec- 1106-en.pdf.
41. Norwegian Government. 2005. Plattform for regjeringssam- arbeidet mellom Arbeiderpartiet, sosialistisk Venstreparti og Senter-partiet 2005-09. Copy in author's files.
42. - 2007. The soria Moria Declaration on International Policy. http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/smk/documents/Reports-and-action-plans/ rapporter/2005/The-soria-Moria- Declaration-on-Internati.html?id=43 8515.
43. Norwegian Ministry of the Environment. 2006. Report No. 8 to the storting: Integrated management of the marine environment of the Barents Sea and the sea areas off the Lofoten Islands. http://www.regjeringen.no/upload/MD/ Vedlegg/sTM200520060008EN-PDF.pdf.
44. Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2001. Om Norge og Europa ved inngangen til et nyt arhundre. White paper 12, 2000-2001.http://www.regjeringen. no/nb/dep/ud/dok/regpubl/stmeld/20002001/stmeld-nr-12-2000-2001-html?id=193849.
45. - 2005. Muligheter og utfordringer i nord [Opportunities and challenges in the North]. White Paper 30, 2004-2005. Oslo: Ministry of Foreign Affairs. http://www.regjeringen.no/Rpub/sTM/20042005/030/PDFs/sTM200420050030000 DDDPDFs.pdf.
46. - 2006. The Norwegian Government's High North strategy. Oslo/Troms0: Ministry of Foreign Affairs. http://www.regjeringen.no/upload/UD/Vedlegg/ strategien.pdf.
47. Offerdal, K. 2007. Oil, gas and the environment. In: stokke, O.s., and H0nneland, G., eds. International cooperation and Arctic governance. London: Routledge.138-163.
48. - 2009. The European Arctic in US foreign energy policy:The case of the Norwegian High North. Polar Record 45(1): 59-71.
49. Patten, C. 1999. A Northern Dimension for the policies of the Union: Current and future activities. Foreign Ministers' Conference on the Northern Dimension, Helsinki, 12 November. http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do? reference=SPEECH/99/161&format=HTML&aged=1&language= EN&guiLangua ge=en.
50. - 2001. Public debate on "Northern Dimension and cooperation in the Baltic Sea area" Overseas Club and 'Pro Baltica' with Hamburg Mayor O. Runde and Finnish FM E. Tuomioja Dresdner Bank, Hamburg, 6 June. http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/01/260&fo rmat=HTML&aged=1&language=EN&guiLanguage=en.
51. Piebalgs, A. 2005. The Arctic Energy Agenda- sustainable oil and gas activities in the North- Perspectives and challenges. Intervention at the Arctic Energy Round Table, Kirkenes, Norway, 7 July. http://ec.europa.eu/commission- barroso/pie balgs/doc/media/2005-07-07-arctic-en.pdf.
52. - 2006a. A common energy policy for Europe. EU Energy Policy and Law Conference, Brussels, 9 March. speech/06/161. http://europa.eu/rapid/ pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPE ECH/06/161&format=HTML&aged= 0&language=EN&guiL anguage=en.
53. - 2006b. What are the EU energy challenges? Offshore Northern seas Conference 2006, Norway, 23 August. speech/ 06/472. http://europa.eu/rapid/ pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/06/472&format=HTML&aged= 0&language=E N&guiLanguage=en.
54. Rhodes, R.A.W. 1988. Beyond Westminister and Whitehall: The sub-central governments of Britain. London: Routledge.
55. scapucci, G. 1998. Institutional framework. In: Glöckler, G., Junius, L., scapucci, G., Usherwood, s., and Vassallo, J., eds. Guide to EU policies. London: Blackstone Press Limited. 31-62.
56. Snyder, R.C., Bruck, H.W., and sapin, B. 2002. Foreign policy decision-making (revisited). Originally published in 1962. With new chapters by V.M. Hudson, D.H. Chollet and J.M. Goldgeier. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
57. støre, J.G. 2006. The emergence of the Barents Sea as a petroleum province: Implications for Norway and Europe. EPC Policy Briefing, Brussels, 10 October. http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/ud/dep/utenriksminister-jonas-gahr- store/taler-artikler/2006/The-Emergence-of-the-Barents-sea-as-a-Petroleum- Province-Implications-for-Norway-and-Europe. html?id=420883.
58. - 2008. Norway and the United states in the 21st century. speech at the Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 26 March. http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/ud/about-mfa/minister-of-foreign- affairs-jonas-gahr-s/speeches-and-articles/2008/norway-21thcentury. html?id=505109.
59. Usherwood, s. 1998. Energy policy. In: Glockler, G., Junius, L., scapucci, G., Usherwood, s., and Vassallo, J., eds. Guide to EU policies. London: Blackstone Press Limited. 120-131.
60. Wallis, D. 2008. Cross-border governance in vulnerable areas: Has the EU anything to offer in the Arctic? Speech at the Standing Committee of the Parliamentarians of the Arctic Region, Rovaniemi, Finland, 28 February. http://www.dianawallismep.org.uk/speeches/000022/crossborder-governance-in- vulner-able-areas-has-the-eu-anything-to-offer-in-the-arctic.html.
61. Young, O. 2008. Whither the Arctic? Conflict or cooperation in the circumpolar North. Polar Record 45(1):73-82.