Temperature elevation in the fetus from electromagnetic exposure during magnetic resonance imaging

Physics in Medicine and Biology

Volumn 55, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 2411-2426

  Kikuchi, Satoru ^a   Saito, Kazuyuki ^a   Takahashi, Masaharu ^a   Ito, Koichi ^a  

^a CHIBA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

A-THERMAL; BLOOD TEMPERATURE; CORE TEMPERATURE; ELECTROMAGNETIC EXPOSURE; HUMAN BODIES; INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION; INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION; IRRADIATION TIME; ON-BODY; OPERATING MODES; PREGNANT WOMAN; SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE; TEMPERATURE ELEVATION; THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSE; WHOLE-BODY;

ABSORPTION; ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE ABSORPTION; ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES; HISTOLOGY; IONIZING RADIATION; IRRADIATION; MAGNETIC RESONANCE; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; RADIATION SHIELDING; WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION;

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS;

ARTICLE; AUDIOVISUAL EQUIPMENT; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; BODY TEMPERATURE; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FEMALE; FETUS; HUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PHYSIOLOGY; PREGNANCY; RADIATION EXPOSURE; RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION; SWEATING; TEMPERATURE; THERMOREGULATION;

BODY TEMPERATURE; BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FEMALE; FETUS; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MODELS, ANATOMIC; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PREGNANCY; RADIO WAVES; SWEATING; TEMPERATURE;

EID: 77950548807     PISSN: 00319155     EISSN: 13616560     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/55/8/018     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Bernardi P, Cavagnaro M, Pisa S and Piuzzi E 2003 Specific absorption rate and temperature elevation in a subject exposed in the far-field of radio-frequency sources operating in the 10-900 MHz rage IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 50 295-304 (Pubitemid 36331671)
2. Boutelier C, Bougues L and Timbal L 1977 Experimental study of convective heat transfer coefficient for the human body in water J. Appl. Physiol. 42 93-100 (Pubitemid 8039920)
3. Chambers C D, Johnson K A, Dick L M, Felix R J and Jones K L 1998 Maternal fever and birth outcome: a prospective study Teratology 18 251-7 (Pubitemid 29039072)
4. De Wilde J P, Rivers A W and Price D L 2005 A review of the current use of magnetic resonance imaging in pregnancy and safety implications for the fetus Prog. Biophys. Mol. Bio. 87 335-53
5. Dimbylow P J 2006 Development of pregnant female, hybrid voxel-mathematical models and their application to the dosimetry of applied magnetic and electric fields at 50 Hz Phys. Med. Biol. 51 2383-94
6. Duck F A 1990 Physical Properties of Tissue (A Comprehensive Reference Book) (New York: Academic)
7. Edwards M J, Saunders R D and Shiota K 2003 Effect of heat on embryos and foetuses Int. J. Hyperthermia 19 295-324
8. Fiala D, Lomas K J and Stohrer M 2001 Computer prediction of human thermoregulatory and temperature responses to a wide range of environmental conditions Int. J. Biometeorol. 45 143-59 (Pubitemid 33629125)
9. Follow B and Neil E (ed) 1971 Circulation (New York: Oxford University Press)
10. Fujimoto S and Watanabe T 1969 Studies on body surface area of Japanese Acta. Med. Nagasaki 14 1-13
11. Gabriel C 1996 Compilation of the dielectric properties of body tissues at RF and microwave frequencies Armstrong Laboratory, Brooks Air Force Technical Report AL/OE-TR-1996-0037
12. Gill R W, Kossoff G, Warren P S and Garret W J 1984 Umbilical venous flow in normal and complicated pregnancy Ultrasound Med. Biol. 10 349-63 (Pubitemid 14075167)
13. Gordon R G, Roemer R B and Horvath S M 1976 A mathematical model of the human temperature regulatory system-transient cold exposure response IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 23 434-44
14. Gowland P A and De Wilde J 2008 Temperature increase in the fetus due to radio frequency exposure during magnetic resonance scanning Phys. Med. Biol. 53 L15-8
15. Gowland P A, Francis S T, Duncan K R, Freeman A J, Issa B, Moore R J, Bowtell R W, Baker P N, Johnson I R and Worthington B S 1998 In vivo perfusion measurement in the human placenta using echo planar imaging at 0.5 T Magn. Reson. Med. 40 467-73 (Pubitemid 28391909)
16. Graham J M, Edwards M J and Edwards M J 1998 Teratogen update: gestational effects of maternal hyperthermia due to febrile illnesses and resultant patterns of defects in humans Teratology 58 209-21
17. Griffiths P D, Paley M N J, Widjaja E, Taylor C and Whitby E H 2005 In utero magnetic resonance imaging for brain and spinal abnormalities in fetuses BMJ 331 562-5
18. Hand J W, Li Y, Thomas E L, Rutherford M A and Hajnal J V 2006 Prediction of specific absorption rate calculations in mother and fetus associated with MRI examinations during pregnancy Magn. Resonan. Med. 55 883-93
19. Hirata A, Asano T and Fujiwara O 2007 FDTD analysis of human body-core temperature elevation due to RF far-field energy prescribed in the ICNIRP guidelines Phys. Med. Biol. 52 5013-23 (Pubitemid 47232302)
20. Hoque M and Gandhi O P 1988 Temperature distribution in the human leg for VLF-VHF exposure at the ANSI recommended safety levels IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 35 442-9
21. Huckabee W E, Metcalfe J, Prystowsky H and Barron D H 1961 Blood flow and oxygen consumption of the pregnant uterus Am. J. Physiol. 200 274-8
22. IEC 2002 Medical electrical equipment: part 2-33. Particular requirements for basic safety and essential performance of magnetic resonance equipment for medical diagnosis IEC 60601-2-33:2002
23. IEEE 2005 IEEE standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz ANSI/IEEE Standard C95.1-2005
24. International Commission on Non Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) 2004 Medical magnetic resonance (MR) procedures: protection of patients Health Phys. 87 197-216 (Pubitemid 38955393)
25. Kasprian G, Balassy C, Brugger P C and Prayer D 2006 MRI of normal and pathological fetal lung development Eur. J. Radiol. 57 261-70 (Pubitemid 43183656)
26. Kikuchi S, Saito K, Takahashi M, Ito K and Ikehira H 2009a SAR computation inside fetus by RF coil during MR imaging employing realistic numerical pregnant woman model IEICE Trans. Commun. E 92-B 431-9
27. Kikuchi S, Saito K, Takahashi M, Ito K and Ikehira H 2009b Numerical calculation on electromagnetic energy absorption in pregnant woman by RF coil for MRI system Proc. EMC '09 Kyoto pp 661-4
28. Nagaoka T, Togashi T, Saito K, Takahashi M, Ito K and Watanabe S 2007 An anatomically realistic whole-body pregnant-woman model and specific absorption rates for pregnant-woman exposure to electromagnetic plane waves from 10 MHz to 2 GHz Phys. Med. Biol. 52 6731-45 (Pubitemid 350058958)
29. Nagaoka T, Watanabe S, Sakurai K, Kunieda E, Watanabe S, Taki M and Yamanaka Y 2004 Development of realistic high-resolution whole-body voxel models of Japanese adult males and females of average height and weight, and application of models to radio-frequency electromagnetic-field dosimetry Phys. Med. Biol. 49 1-15 (Pubitemid 38100619)
30. Nakayama T and Iriki M 1987 Handbook of Physiological Science (Physiology of Energy Exchange and Thermoregulation vol 18) (Tokyo: Igaku-Shoin)
31. Margaret W, Johnston W and Newburgh L H 1942 Calculation of heat production from insensible loss of weight J. Clin. Invest. 21 357-63
32. Pediaditis M, Leitgeb N and Cech R 2008 RF-EMF exposure of fetus and mother during magnetic resonance imaging Phys. Med. Biol. 53 7187-95
33. Pennes H H 1948 Analysis of tissue and arterial blood temperatures in the resting human forearm J. Appl. Physiol. 85 93-122
34. Purves M J and James I M 1969 Observations on the control of cerebral blood flow in the sheep fetus and newborn lamb Circ. Res. 25 651-69
35. Samaras T, Christ A and Kuster N 2006 Effects of geometry discretization aspects on the numerical solution of the bioheat transfer equation with the FDTD technique Phys. Med. Biol. 51 221-9 (Pubitemid 43832929)
36. Shellock F G and Crues J V 2004 MR procedures: biologic effects, safety, and patient care Radiology 232 635-52 (Pubitemid 39100245)
37. Strydom M L, Caputa K, Stuchly M A and Gowland P 2005 Numerical modeling interaction of RF field in MRI with a pregnant female IEEE/ACES Int. Wireless Communi. Appl. Computat. Electromagn. Conf. pp 389-92
38. Wu D, Shamsi S, Chen J and Kainz W 2006 Evaluations of specific absorption rate and temperature increase within pregnant female models in magnetic resonance imaging birdcage coils IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 54 4472-78 (Pubitemid 46372456)
39. Wright C, Sibley C and Baker P 2010 The role of fetal magnetic resonance imaging Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. 95 F137-41
40. Yee K S 1966 Numerical solution of initial boundary values problems involving Maxwell's equations in isotropic media IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 14 302-7