Chimpanzee tourism in relation to the viewing regulations at the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania

Primate Conservation

Volumn 24, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 85-90

  Nakamura, Michio ^a   Nishida, Toshisada ^b  

^a KYOTO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b JAPAN MONKEY CENTRE   (Japan)

Author keywords

Behavior of tourists; Chimpanzee; Ecotourism; Mahale Mountains National Park; Number of tourists; Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii

Indexed keywords

PAN; PAN TROGLODYTES; PAN TROGLODYTES SCHWEINFURTHII;

EID: 77950482809     PISSN: 08986207     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1896/052.024.0106     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Beck, B. B., T. S. Stoinski, M. Hutchins, T. L. Maple, B. Norton, A. Rowan, E. F. Stevens and A. Arluke (eds.) 2001. Great Apes and Humans. The Ethics of Coexistence. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.
2. Blom, A., C. Cipolletta, A. M. H. Brunsting and H. H. T. Prins. 2004. Behavioral responses of gorillas to habituation in the Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Central African Republic. Int. J. Primatol. 25: 179-196.
3. Boesch, C. 2008. Why do chimpanzees die in the forest? The challenges of understanding and controlling for wild ape health. Am. J. Primatol. 70: 1-5.
4. Caldecott, J. and L. Miles (eds.) 2005. World Atlas of Great Apes and their Conservation. University of California Press, Berkeley.
5. Ceballos-Lascurain, H. 1996. Tourism, Ecotourism and Protected Areas. IUCN-The World Conservation Union, World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA), Gland, Switzerland.
6. Fennell, D. A. 2001. A content analysis of ecotourism definitions. Curr. Issues Tourism 4: 403-421.
7. Hanamura, S., M. Kiyono, M. Nakamura, T. Sakamaki, N. Itoh, K. Zamma, R. Kitopeni, M. Matumula and T. Nishida. 2006. A new code of observation employed at Mahale: prevention against a flu-like disease. Pan Afr. News 13: 1-16. Website: . Accessed: 26 July 2009.
8. Hanamura, S., M. Kiyono, M. Lukasik-Braum, M. Mlengeya, M. Nakamura and T. Nishida. 2008. Chimpanzee deaths at Mahale caused by a flu-like disease. Primates 49: 77-80.
9. Homsy, J. 1999. Ape Tourism and Human Diseases: How Close Should We Get? A Critical Review of the Rules and Regulations Governing Park Management and Tourism for the Wild Mountain Gorilla, Gorilla gorilla beringei. Report of a Consultancy for the International Gorilla Conservation Programme, Kigali, Rwanda.
10. Johns, B. G. 1996. Responses of chimpanzees to habituation and tourism in the Kibale Forest, Uganda. Biol. Conserv. 78: 257-262.
11. Kaur, T., J. Singh, S. Tong, C. Humphrey, D. Clevenger, W. Tan, B. Szekely, Y. Wang, Y. Li, E. A. Muse, M. Kiyono, S. Hanamura, E. Inoue, M. Nakamura, M. A. Huffman, B. Jiang and T. Nishida. 2008. Descriptive epidemiology of fatal respiratory outbreaks and detection of a human-related metapneumovirus in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) at Mahale Mountains National Park, Western Tanzania. Am. J. Primatol. 70: 755-765.
12. Kondgen, S., H. Kuhl, P. K. N'Goran, P. D. Walsh, S. Schenk, N. Ernst, R. Biek, P. Formentry, K. Matz-Rensing, B. Schweiger, S. Junglen, H. Ellerbrock, A. Nitsche, T. Briese, W I. Lipkin, G. Pauli, C. Boesch and F H. Leendertz. 2008. Pandemic human viruses cause decline of endangered great apes. Curr. Biol. 18: 260-264.
13. Krüger, O. 2005. The role of ecotourism in conservation: panacea or Pandora's box? Biodivers. Conserv. 14: 579-600.
14. Lonsdorf, E. V. 2007. The role of behavioral research in the conservation of chimpanzees and gorillas. J. Appl. Anim. Welfare Sci. 10: 71-78.
15. Mugisha, A. 2008. Potential interactions of research with the development and management of ecotourism. In: Science and Conservation in African Forests: The Benefits of Long-term Research, R. W. Wrangham and E. Ross (eds.), pp. 115-128. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
16. Nakamura, M. and T. Nishida. 2004. Present status of conservation on chimpanzees and their habitat in Mahale. Primate Res. 20: 57-61. In Japanese.
17. Nishida, T. 1968. The social group of wild chimpanzees in the Mahali Mountains. Primates 9: 167-224.
18. Nishida, T. (ed.). 1990. The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains: Sexual and Life History Strategies. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo.
19. Nishida, T. and C. Mwinuka. 2005. Introduction of seasonal park fee system to Mahale Mountains National Park: a proposal. Pan Afr. News 12: 17-19. . . Accessed: 26 July 2009.
20. Nishida, T. and M. Nakamura. 2008. Long-term research and conservation in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. In: Science and Conservation in African Forests: The Benefits of Long-term Research, R. W. Wrangham and E. Ross (eds.), pp. 173-183. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
21. Nishida, T, M. Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, T. Hasegawa and Y. Takahata. 1985. Group extinction and female transfer in wild chimpanzees in the Mahale National Park, Tanzania. Z. Tierpsychol. 67: 284-301.
22. Nishida. T, N. Corp, M. Hamai, T. Hasegawa, M. Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, K. Hosaka, K. D. Hunt, N. Itoh, K. Kawanaka, A. Matsumoto-Oda, J. C. Mitani, M. Nakamura, K. Norikoshi, T. Sakamaki, L. Turner, S. Uehara and K. Zamma. 2003. Demography, female life history, and reproductive profiles among the chimpanzees of Mahale. Am. J. Primatol. 59: 99-121.
23. Sandbrook, C. and S. Semple. 2006. The rules and the reality of mountain gorilla Gorilla beringei beringei tracking: how close do tourists get? Oryx 40: 428-433.
24. Tanzania National Parks. 2006. Mahale Mountains National Park: General Management Plan 2006-2016. TANAPA, Arusha.
25. Wallis, J. and D. R. Lee. 1999. Primate conservation: the prevention of disease transmission. Int. J. Primatol. 20: 803-826.
26. Walpole, M. 2004. An Assessment of Tourism in Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. A report compiled in preparation for the General Management Plan, Tanzania National Parks, (TANAPA), Arusha, Tanzania, and Frankfurt Zoological Society, Frankfurt.
27. Williams J. M., E. V. Lonsdorf, M. L. Wilson, J. Schumacher-Stankey, J. Goodall and A. E. Pusey. 2008. Causes of death in the Kasekela chimpanzees of Gombe. Am. J. Primatol. 70: 766-777.
28. Wrangham, R. 2008. Why the link between long-term research and conservation is a case worth making. In: Science and Conservation in African Forests: The Benefits of Longterm Research, R. W. Wrangham and E. Ross (eds.), pp. 1-18. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.